Pragmatics

Question 1

How you use words and where you use them

Using language appropriately in personal/social contexts

Answer 1

Pragmatics

Question 2

What are the social conventions (2)?

Answer 2

US conversational rules

US conversational convententions

Question 3

What are the three US conversational rules?

Answer 3

Openings
Turn taking
Closings/Preclosings

Question 4

greetings/requests are examples of:

Answer 4

Openings

Question 5

Waiting for turn-yielding signals (pause, gesture, pitch drop) or interrupting are examples of:

Answer 5

Turn taking

Question 6

Preclosings are used so we don’t sound _____

Answer 6

abrupt

Question 7

In conversation, we close in a _______ way.

Answer 7

Meaningful: excuse, promise of future contact, wishing well (take care)

Question 8

What are the five US conversation conventions

Answer 8

eye contact
personal space/distance
indirect requests/statements
appropriate emotional responses
acknowledgement gestures

Question 9

Personal assumptions are based on: (2 things)

Answer 9

Cooperative principle

Grice’s Maxims

Question 10

What are the three meanings of an utterance in any conversation?

Answer 10

Locution - the literal meaning of the utterance
Illocution - the speaker’s intended effect
Perlocution - the effect on the listener

Question 11

The cooperative principle assumes….

Answer 11

That speakers are… trying to be informative, and not trying to mislead us
They assume we follow Grice’s Maxims

Question 12

the literal meaning of the utterance

Answer 12

locution

Question 13

the speaker’s intended effect

Answer 13

illocution

Question 14

the effect on the listener

Answer 14

perlocution

Question 15

What are Grice’s four Maxims?

Answer 15

The maxim of quality
The maxim of quantity
The maxim of relevance
The maxim of manner

Question 16

What is the maxim of quality?

Answer 16

Don’t say what you think is false, or what you don’t know

Question 17

What is the maxim of quantity?

Answer 17

Just be as informative as needed for the current exchange (don’t say too little or too much)

Question 18

What is the maxim of relevance?

Answer 18

Say only what is relevant for the current exchange

Question 19

What is the maxim of manner?

Answer 19

Be brief, but avoid obscurity and ambiguity

Question 20

What is non-literal language?

Answer 20

Often what we say is different from what we mean

Question 21

Correct interpretation of literal vs. non-literal language usually relies on _______________.

Answer 21

personal context

Question 22

Examples of non-literal speech:

Answer 22

irony/sarcasm
understatement
overstatement
metaphor
idioms
slang

Question 23

Indirect speech acts/requests are used to show _____

Answer 23

politeness

Question 24

“Oh yeah, that’s a GREAT idea.” is an example of:

Answer 24

irony/sarcasm

Question 25

“It needs a LITTLE work” is an example of:

Answer 25

understatement

Question 26

“I’ve told you a THOUSAND times” is an example of:

Answer 26

overstatement

Question 27

“She is green with envy” is an example of:

Answer 27

a metaphor

Question 28

“Spill the beans” is an example of:

Answer 28

an idiom

Question 29

“This is sick” is an example of:

Answer 29

slang

Question 30

Indirect speech acts/requests depends on:

Answer 30

who we’re talking to

less polite with best friends/siblings –> acquaintances –> strangers –> most polite to bosses/professors

Question 31

Non-literal language seems to violate _______.

Answer 31

The maxims

Question 32

sarcasm violates the maxim of ________

Answer 32

quality

Question 33

idioms violate the maxim of ______

Answer 33

manner and relevance

Question 34

In non-literal language we use the _________________ to recognize the violation

Answer 34

The cooperative principle