Praecordium

Question 1

What are the features and causes of a pressure loaded apex beat?

Answer 1

SUSTAINED
heaving and hyperdynamic
aortic stenosis
hypertension

Question 2

What are the features and causes of a volume loaded apex beat?

Answer 2

HYPERKINETIC, UNSUSTAINED
it is displaced and diffuse
mitral regurgitation
dilated CMP

Question 3

What are the causes of a double impulse apex beat?

Answer 3

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Question 4

What are the features and causes of a tapping apex beat?

Answer 4

it’s when you can feel S1, and can be caused by mitral stenosis or tricuspid stenosis

Question 5

what are the causes of a parasternal impulse?

Answer 5

right ventricular enlargement

severe left ventricular enlargement

Question 6

palpable P2

Answer 6

pulmonary hypertension

Question 7

where are thrills felt?

Answer 7

felt over the base and the apex of the heart with the flat of the hand (the fingers)

Question 8

Inspect Chest for

Answer 8

pectus carinatum, excavatum marfan’s
median sternotomy: CABG
left lateral/inframmamary scar of mitral valvotomy

Question 9

Palpate chest for

Answer 9

AICD/PPM
apex
heave
thrill