Practive Qs Flashcards

Question 1

Q

By means of a labelled diagram, outline the lifecycle of Plasmodium falciparum.

Question 2

Q

Draw labelled diagrams to show how the mesoderm is arranged in a) an
acoelomate, b) a pseudocoelomate and c) a coelomate animal.

Question 3

Q

Describe the polymorphism seen in the cnidarians.

Answer

A

Polyp: tubular, sessile
Medusa: bell shaped, free swimming
Alternate gens in schyphozoans and some hydrozoans
Siphonophores: coloinal zooids
Corals: specialised polyps

Question 4

Q

How is an adult tapeworm adapted to a parasitic life?

Answer

A

Proglottids –> allow self fertilisation
Scolex: head with hooks and suckers
Tegument: protection from digestive and immune system
No gut, no eyes

Question 5

Q

How does a hydrostatic skeleton work?

Answer

A

Fluid filled cavity (coelomic fluid/hemolymph)
Incompressible fluid maintains support
Muscles surround, creating internal pressure. Contraction/relaxation = movement

Question 6

Q

Describe how urine is produced by a) protonephridia and b)
metanephridia.

Answer

A

Proto:
- Flame cells waft fluid into tubules
- Useful reabsorbed
- Primary urine expelled

Meta:
- Fluid forced out by muscular contraction = into coelom
- Goes through metanephridium = useful reabsorbed
- Urine expelled

Question 7

Q

What is torsion in gastropods? What disadvantage would torsion have presented to the ancestral gastropod?

Answer

A

Torsion: 180 degree rotation of viseceral mass during verliger larval stage

Disadvantage:
- Twisted struc = incresed risk of waste materials contacting respiratory system
- Anus in head region increases risk of contamination of sensory organs

Question 8

Q

What are the features of the Echinodermata?

Answer

A

Radial symmetry in adults
Tube feet
Mutable connective tissue
Deuterostomes
Regeneration ability

Question 9

Q

Why are the hemichordates not regarded as chordates?

Answer

A

No notochord
No post anal tail
Pharyngeal gill slits different struc and function
Ventral noto cord (rather than dorsal)

Question 10

Q

Name two adaptations that allow insects to feed on plant sap and explain
how these adaptations function

Answer

A

Piercing/sucking mouthparts
- Needle like stylet penetrates phloem

Filter for excess water
- Filter chamber in insect digestive system to help get rid of excess water from sap

Question 11

Q

What is the difference between holometabolous and hemimetabolous
development?

Answer

A

Holo:
- Complete metamorphosis (4 morphologically distinct life stages: egg, pupa, larva, adult)

Hemi:
- Incomplete (3 stages: egg, nymph, adult ) Juvelile resembles adult

Question 12

Q

Name the most significant synapomorphy of Lepidoptera and explain its
function.

Answer

A

Wing scales (modified setae)
- Colour and camo
- Thermo reg
- UV reflection and detection
- Water repellence
- etc.

Question 13

Q

What are the key features of the sponges?

Answer

A

Radiata
Diploblastic
Osculum (with porocytes, choanocytes, amoebocytes)
Spicule - skeleton
Asexual budding
Sexual: External fertilisation

Question 14

Q

What are nematocysts? What are they used for and in which animals are
they found?

Answer

A

Stinging cells consisting of a thorn and a barb
Used for defence against predators and for predation
Cnidarians

Question 15

Q

Giving an example, what are the key adaptations for parasitism seen in
the platyhelminths?

Answer

A

Cestoidea: Tape worms
– Proglottids –> allow self fertilisation
- Scolex: head with hooks and suckers
- Tegument: protection from digestive and immune system
- No gut, no eyes