Practices of Chiropractic

Question 1

What is the reference structure unless otherwise noted?

Answer 1

Vertebral Body

Question 2

What side do you contact unless scoliosis is present?

Answer 2

Open Wedge

Question 3

If scoliosis is present, what side to you contact?

Answer 3

Side of Scoliosis

Question 4

If there is a scoliosis, what side does the doctor stand on?

Answer 4

Side of Convexity

Question 5

What side does the doctor contact when patient is supine or prone?

Answer 5

Side they are standing on

Question 6

Terminology for KINETIC listings on National Boards:

• Segment is “stuck”
• Segment can’t move there

Answer 6

Stuck = "Fixed"
Immobile = "Restricted" or "Decreased"

Question 7

What is the Medicare listing used that means the segments is actually in that position as if seen off of an x-ray, or “stuck” in that position.

Answer 7

Malpositions

Question 8

What is used to close open wedges?

Answer 8

Torque

Question 9

Open wedge to the right is _____.

Open wedge to the left is _____.

Answer 9

Right = CW
Left = CCW

Question 10

How are spinal listings named with Gonstead?

Answer 10

Spinal listings are named by how the subluxated segment misaligns to the segment below.

Question 11

In Gonstead, the first letter always begins with _____?

Answer 11

P - Posterior

Question 12

In Gonstead, the third letter refers to the _____ of the segments on the side of spinous rotation, which will be either ___ or ___.

Answer 12

Lateral Flexion or Wedging

S or I

Question 13

In Gonstead, the open wedge is corrected by using what?

Answer 13

Clockwise or Counterclockwise Torque

Question 14

Generally Gonstead will contact on the _____ side of the wedge.

Answer 14

Open

Question 15

What are the special listings indicated with Gonstead?

Answer 15

SP - spinous
LA - lamina
TP - transverse process
M - mammillary

Question 16

Give an example of a Gonstead listing

Answer 16

P - R/L - SI

Question 17

National listings refer to what?

Answer 17

Body Rotation

Question 18

The first letter for National Listings will be either ___ or ___.

Answer 18

R or L

Question 19

The second letter for National Listings will always be a _____.

Answer 19

P - Posterior

Question 20

The third letter for National Listings will either be an ___ or ___, which refers to lateral flexion or wedging on the side of body rotation.

Answer 20

S or I

Question 21

Give an example of a National Listing

Answer 21

R/L - P - S/I

Question 22

Medicare Listings:
- Increased interspinous space between the involved segment and the segment below with decreased interspinous space between the involved segment and the segment above.

Answer 22

Flexion Malposition

Question 23

Medicare Listings:
- Decreased interspinous space between the involved segments and the segment below with increased interspinous space between the involved segment and the segment above.

Answer 23

Extension Malposition

Question 24

Kinectic Listings (Motions):
- Decreased Motion or segmental fixation

Answer 24

Hypomobility

Question 25

``` Kinectic Listings (Motions): - Loosened motor unit ```

Answer 25

Hypermobility

Question 26

``` Kinetic Listings (Motions): - A segment or group of vertebral segments move in a manner inconsistent with their corresponding area ```

Answer 26

Aberrant motion

Question 27

Scoliosis and/or alteration of curve is secondary to muscular imbalance. T/F

Answer 27

True

Question 28

``` Gonstead Pelvic Subluxations: - Low Femur Head - Anterior Sacrum - Longer Innominate - Larger Obturator Foramen - Increased Lumbar Lordosis Palpatory Findings: Spongy edema at PSIS ```

Answer 28

PI Ilium

Question 29

``` Gonstead Pelvic Subluxations: - High Femur Head - Posterior Sacrum - Shorter Innominate - Smaller Obturator Foramen - Decreased Lumbar Lordosis Palpatory Findings: Spongy edema at PIIS ```

Answer 29

AS Ilium

Question 30

Gonstead Pelvic Subluxations: - Increased width of ilium making it wider - Appears narrow at base of obturator foramen - Decreased normal anterior curve - Raises the femur head Visualization: Foot Flair, Toe out, EX rotation

Answer 30

IN ilium

Question 31

``` Gonstead Pelvic Subluxations: - Decreased width producing narrow ilium - Increased width at base of obturator foramen - Anterior lumbar curve increases - Lowers the femur head Visualization: Toe in, IN rotation ```

Answer 31

EX ilium

Question 32

This is the least offending scoliosis and is a normal compensatory deviation

Answer 32

Lovett Positive Classification of Scoliosis

Question 33

The side of the anterior inferior sacrum is on the same side as the _____.

Answer 33

PI ilium (short leg)

Question 34

Convex side of the scoliosis is towards the side of the AI sacrum/PI ilium. Spinouses will deviate _____ from the convexity.

Answer 34

AWAY

Question 35

_____ should be used on the side of the PI ilium, and a _____ on the opposite side (AS sacrum)

Answer 35

``` Heel Lift (PI ilium) Sole Lift (AS sacrum) ```

Question 36

Absolute Contra-Indications to Adjusting ***

Answer 36

1. Malignancies 2. Tumors 3. Infections 4. Fractures (except Clay Shovelers) 5. AAA 6. Recent Surgery

Question 37

Relative Contra-Indications to Adjusting ***

Answer 37

1. Osteoporosis 2. Spondylolisthesis 3. Rheumatoid Arthritis 4. CV predisposing factors 5. Congenital Anomalies 6. Acute Spastic Muscle Region

Question 38

Described a balanced pelvis.

Answer 38

ASIS's are in the same vertical plane as the Symphysis Pubis

Question 39

Describe an Anterior Pelvic Tilt.

Answer 39

ASIS move anterior to pubic symphysis | Hyperlordosis

Question 40

Describe a Posterior Pelvic Tilt.

Answer 40

ASIS move posterior to pubic symphysis | Hypolordosis

Question 41

Lower Cross Syndrome lengthened/inhibited muscles with anterior pelvic tilt?

Answer 41

Hams, Glutes, Abs

Question 42

Lower Cross Syndrome hypertonic/facilitated muscles with anterior pelvic tilt?

Answer 42

Psoas, Quads, Erector Spinae

Question 43

Upper Cross Syndrome lengthened/inhibited muscles?

Answer 43

``` Rhomboids, Lower & Middle Traps Serratus Anterior Teres Minor Longus Coli & Capitus ```

Question 44

Upper Cross Syndrome hypertonic/facilitated muscles?

Answer 44

``` Levator Scapulae Pec Major Upper Traps SCM Scalenes Suboccipitals ```

Question 45

Exercises performed typically where the hand or foot is free to move. These exercises are typically non-weight bearing, with movement occurring at the elbow or knee joint. If there is weight applied, it is to the distal portion of the limb. ex: Bench Press, Biceps Curl, Leg Extension

Answer 45

Open Chain Exercises

Question 46

Exercises performed where the hand or foot is fixed and cannot move. The hand/foot remains in constant contact with the surface, usually the ground or the base of a machine. These exercises are typically weight bearing where an exerciser uses their own body weight and/or external weight. ex: Pushups, Pull-ups, Squats, Lunges

Answer 46

Closed Chain Exercises

Question 47

Anterior Postural Analysis

Answer 47

- Head tilt or rotation - Shoulder height - Arm carriage - Hip height - Knee angle (recurvatum) - Foot malposition

Question 48

Lateral Gravity Weight Line

Answer 48

- External Auditory Meatus - Anterior body of C7 - Middle of shoulder - Anterior 1/3 of Sacral Base - Middle of hip joint - Posterior to the Patella - 1" Anterior to Lateral Malleolus

Question 49

Posterior Postural Analysis

Answer 49

- Scapular Winging - Scapular Flaring - Scoliosis - Foot Angle

Question 50

Cervical Facets: Planes & Motion

Answer 50

Transverse Plane | Rotational motion

Question 51

Thoracic Facets: Planes & Motion

Answer 51

Coronal Plane | Lateral Flexion

Question 52

Lumbar Facets: Planes & Motion

Answer 52

Sagittal Plane | Flexion/Extension

Question 53

Lumbosacral Facets: Planes & Motion

Answer 53

Coronal Plane | Lateral Flexion

Question 54

Coupled Motion for Cervical & Thoracics (T6 and up) - Spinous Process: which way does it rotate? - Vertebral Bodies: which way doe they rotate?

Answer 54

SP: Rotate into convexity, away from lateral flexion VB: Rotate into concavity, towards lateral flexion

Question 55

Coupled Motion for Tsp & Lsp (T7 and down)

Answer 55

SP: Rotate into concavity; towards lateral flexion VB: Rotate into convexity; away from lateral flexion

Question 56

Describe how to palpate the TVP of Thoracic Spine

Answer 56

T5-T8: two interspinous spaces above SP & out*** | All others are one interspinous space above SP & out

Question 57

Patients with herniated discs may sometimes lean to one side to alleviate the NR irritation. With Lateral Disc Protrusions, the pt will lean _____ from the side of pain. This pt will have a (+) Kemps on _____ side.

Answer 57

``` Lateral = AWAY Kemps = (+) SAME side ```

Question 58

Patients with herniated discs may sometimes lean to one side to alleviate the NR irritation. With Medial Disc Protrusions, the pt will lean _____ from the side of pain. This pt will have a (+) Kemps on _____ side.

Answer 58

``` Medial = TOWARD Kemps = (+) OPPOSITE side ```