Practices Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 5 Pillars of Sunni Islam?
A
- Shahadah
- Salah (prayer)
- Sawm (fasting during Ramadan)
- Zakat (almsgiving)
- Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)
2
Q
What are the 10 Obligatory Acts of Shi’a Islam?
A
- Salah
- Sawm
- Zakat
- Hajj
- Jihad
- Khums
- Amr-bil-Maruf (doing what is right)
- Nahy Anil Munkar (prohibiting what is bad)
- Tawallah (following Muhammad and his family)
- Tabarra (dissociating from the enemies of Muhammad and his family)
3
Q
What is ‘lesser Jihad’?
A
The struggle to defend Islam from threat
4
Q
What is a quote for Jihad?
A
“Fight in Allah’s cause against those who fight you, but do not overstep the limits: Allah does not love those who overstep the limits.” -Qur’an 2:190
5
Q
What is Greater Jihad?
A
The personal struggle to be a good Muslim from day to day
6
Q
How much is Zakat?
A
2.5%
7
Q
How much is Khums?
A
20% of surplus income
8
Q
What sort of things is Khums spent on?
A
Minerals, treasure, precious items, land, business profit, war gains
9
Q
What is a quote for Amr-bil-Maruf or Nahy Anil Munkar?
A
“Be a community that calls for what is good…” -Qur’an 3:104
10
Q
What is a quote for Tabarra?
A
“Do not rely on those who do evil, or the Fire may touch you…” -Qur’an 11:113
11
Q
When is the Shahadah said? Give examples.
A
At key moments in a Muslim’s life, e.g:
- Last words
- During burial
- When they wake up
- Whispered into the ear of a newborn baby
- Call to prayer (adhan)
- Part of the recitation in prayer
12
Q
What do Shi’as add onto the end of their Shahadah?
A
“and Ali is the representative of Allah.”
13
Q
Name 3 reasons why Muslims pray.
A
- It brings them closer to Allah
- Rewards from Allah
- Muhammad told Muslims to pray 5 times a day
- It is one of the Obligatory Acts of Shi’ism and Five Pillars of Sunnism
14
Q
What is a quote from the Qur’an about prayer?
A
“Bow down in worship and draw close”
15
Q
What is wudu?
A
The cleansing ritual that is performed before prayer
16
Q
Why do Muslims perform wudu?
A
- It cleanses them physically and spiritually so that they are ready to face Allah
- It is instructed in the Qur’an
17
Q
What happens during wudu?
A
Each part of the body is cleansed 3 times - the face, hands, arms, head and feet
18
Q
What is the mihrab?
A
An alcove in the mosque that shows the direction of Mecca
19
Q
When do Sunni Muslims pray?
A
At 5 set times throughout the day
20
Q
When do Shi’a Muslims pray?
A
5 times - however they can combine the midday and afternoon prayers, the sunset and night prayers
21
Q
What are rak’ahs?
A
Ritual movements in prayer
22
Q
How many rak’ahs do Muslims perform in one day?
A
17
23
Q
What is said during prayer?
A
Recitations
24
Q
What is Jummah prayer?
A
The most important prayer on a Friday
25
Who goes to the mosque for Jummah prayer?
All men/those who can - it is optional for women as they may have children or household duties to look after
26
What is ummah?
The idea of the Muslim community
27
Where on Earth can Muslims pray?
Anywhere - as long as it is clean/they have a prayer mat and perform wudu
28
When is the mosque used for prayer?
Jummah prayer, and special occasions such as Eid. Muslims may pray at the mosque at any time.
29
What is a hadith about praying at home?
"Offer some of your prayers in your homes so as not to make these homes like graves." -Hadith
30
What do Shi'a Muslims do during prayer that Sunnis do not?
- Place their head on a turbah (piece of clay)
- Put their arms by their sides
- Do not say "Ameen" at the end of prayer
- Can combine prayers
31
What do Sunni Muslims do during prayer that Shi'as do not?
- Touch the ground
- Some cross their arms in front of them
- Say "Ameen" at the end of prayer
- Must pray at 5 set times
32
Why do many Muslims value congregational prayer over other types of prayer?
They receive more rewards
33
How many times the rewards do Muslims receive for completing congregational prayer?
27
34
What month is Ramadan?
The 9th month of the Islamic calendar
35
What is a quote about fasting?
"Fasting is prescribed for you." -Qur'an 2:183
36
What is the origins of Ramadan?
Commemorates when Muhammad was given the Qur'an from Allah via the angel Jibril
37
What do Muslims abstain from during Ramadan?
Eating, drinking, having sex, smoking...
38
What is iftar?
When the fast is broken at dusk
39
Name 2 reasons Muslims fast.
- It says so in the Qur'an
- It reminds them to be thankful to Allah
- It has spiritual rewards
- It gives them awareness for the starving/poor
40
Name 3 groups/people that may be exempt from fasting.
Young children, the elderly, pregnant women, people that are sick, women on their periods, someone on a journey...
41
What can Muslims do if they must miss a day of fasting?
Pay a day's worth of food money to a charity, complete the fast at a later date
42
What is the Night of Power?
The first time that the Qur'an was revealed to Muhammad by angel Jibril
43
What is a quote about the importance of the Night of Power?
"The Night of Glory is better than a thousand months." -Qur'an 97:3
44
What things may Muslims do during the Night of Power?
Pray for forgiveness, read/study the Qur'an, pray at the mosque
45
How much is zakat?
2.5% of a Muslim's savings over a certain amount
46
Why do Muslims perform zakat?
- It is commanded in the Qur'an
- It is believed to purify the rest of a Muslim's earnings
- It is commanded by Muhammad in the Hadith
47
What is a quote about zakat?
"Pay the prescribed alms." -Qur'an 2:83
48
Who does the Qur'an say zakat is meant for?
"...the poor, the needy, those who administer them, those whose hearts need winning over, to free slaves and help those in debt, for Allah's cause, and for travellers in need." -Qur'an 9:60
49
How is zakat paid?
- Some pay it monthly, others annually.
- Some give directly to the mosque, others to charities such as Muslim Aid or Islamic Relief.
50
What is khums?
A tax in Shi'a countries
51
How much is khums?
20% of surplus income
52
What is a quote about khums?
"Know that one-fifth of your surplus belongs to Allah and the Messenger, to close relatives and orphans, to the needy and travellers." -Qur'an 8:41
53
What is khums paid from?
War gains, minerals, treasure (e.g: gold and silver), precious items, land, business profit
54
Who/what is khums paid to?
Religious authority, charitable causes
55
Why do Sunnis not pay khums?
They believe that "one-fifth of your surplus belongs to Allah) only applies to war gains
56
What is Hajj?
Pilgrimage to Mecca
57
When is Hajj taken?
During the 12th month of the Islamic calendar - Dhul Hijjah
58
What is umrah?
"Lesser pilgrimage" - completed at other times of the year and with different rituals. It doesn't count as Hajj.
59
What is the origin of many of the actions taken at Hajj?
The life of Ibrahim or are sunnah of Muhammad
60
What is tawaf?
A ritual action completed during Hajj - Muslims walk around the Ka'aba 7 times anti-clockwise and may touch or kiss the black stone
61
When is tawaf completed?
At the start and end of Hajj
62
What is the significance of tawaf? (2)
- Some believe the Ka'aba was rebuilt by Ibrahim and Ishmael
- It is sunnah
- The black stone was originally white but darkened as humanity has sinned - Muhammad kissed it.
63
What happens at Muzdalifah?
Collecting stones to throw at the stone pillars (Jamarat) at Mina
64
What happens at Mina?
Small stones are thrown at Jamarat
65
What is the significance of the actions taken at Muzdalifah and Mina?
- Ibrahim threw stones at the devil when he was tempted to not sacrifice Ishmael
- It demonstrates rejecting evil and temptation
66
What happens at Arafat?
Muslims stand before Allah and pray for forgiveness for themselves and humanity
67
What is the significance of the actions taken at Arafat?
- Day of Judgement - Muslims will stand before Allah and answer for their deeds
- Muhammad gave his last sermon at Mt. Arafat
68
What is a hadith about Hajj?
"Perform Hajj if you can afford it."
69
What is a quote about Hajj?
"Complete the pilgrimages, major and minor, for the sake of Allah." -Qur'an 2:196
70
Give 3 reasons why Muslims complete Hajj.
- Brings them closer to Allah
- Sins are forgiven, fresh start
- One of the Five Pillars or Obligatory Acts
- Reminds them of the importance of Ibrahim
- Promotes importance of the Ummah
- Shows self-discipline and strength
71
What is jihad?
Struggle (against evil) - split into Lesser and Greater Jihad
72
What is Greater Jihad?
The daily personal struggle to be a good Muslim - completing religious duties (e.g: salah, zakah, becoming a hafiz)
73
What is Lesser Jihad?
Physically defending Islam
74
What is a quote for Lesser Jihad?
"Fight in Allah's cause for those who fight you, but do not overstep the limits: Allah does not love those who overstep the limits." -Qur'an 2:190
75
What are 3 different interpretations of Lesser Jihad?
- Only used in defence.
- Attack anyone against Islam.
- It does not apply today as the time of Muhammad is very different from today
76
When did Muhammad perform Lesser Jihad?
When he fought in Mecca to restore the Ka'aba to the worship of Allah
77
Name 4 conditions of Lesser Jihad.
- Declared by a fair religious leader
- Must be in response to direct threat
- No women, children or elderly must be harmed
- Dead bodies must not be mutilated
- Must be the *last resort*
- Cannot be used to gain territory or wealth
- Cannot be used to convert people to Islam
Etc.
78
When is Eid-ul-Adha celebrated?
12th month of the Islamic calendar - Dhul-Hijjah
79
How long is Eid-al-Adha celebrated for?
3 days
80
What is "Greater Eid"?
Eid-ul-Adha
81
What does Eid-al-Adha celebrate?
Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son Ishmael under Allah's command
82
Name 3 practices that are the same for both Eids.
- Eid prayers at the mosque
- Exchanging cards and presents
- Visiting family and friends
- Listening to the imam's sermon at the mosque
- Sharing food
83
Name a practice that is only completed during Eid-al-Adha.
Sacrificing a lamb - remembers Allah giving a ram to Ibrahim to sacrifice instead of Ishmael
84
Name a practice that is only completed during Eid-al-Fitr.
- Remembering and praying for deceased loved ones
- Giving alms for the poor - Zakat al-Fitr
85
What does Eid-al-Fitr celebrate?
The end of Ramadan
86
When is Ashura?
Tenth day of the first month of the Islamic calendar (Muharram)
87
What does Ashura commemorate for Sunnis?
- Moses freeing the Israelites from slavery in Egypt
- Noah leaving the ark for the first time after the flood
88
Name 3 practices followed by Sunnis in the UK during Ashura.
- Voluntary fast - sunnah
- Going to the mosque
- Giving to charity
- Showing kindness to others
- Praying
- Learning from Islamic scholars
89
What does Ashura commemorate for Shi'as?
The martyrdom of Imam Husayn in the Battle of Karbala
90
How is Ashura different for Shi'as?
It is a period of mourning and sadness
91
What is a hadith about Ashura/Husayn?
"Allah loves whoever loves Husayn."
92
Name 3 practices followed by Shi'as in the UK during Ashura.
- Attending Majalis - sermons by Muslim scholars about the lessons from Ashura
- Giving blood
- Going to a march
- Telling children the story of the Battle of Karbala
- Mourning - crying, wailing, beating of chests
