Practice test Review #2

Question 1

Cardiovascular changes in Geriatric Population

Answer 1

1. Decreased blood vessel compliance
2. Decrease inotropic response to stimulation
3. Decreased chronotropic response to stimulation
4. Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity

Question 2

Cardiac Tamponade

Answer 2

Characterized by the collection of blood or blood clots in the pericardial sac, exerting pressure on the heart and decreasing cardiac output

Question 3

EKG Changes that demonstrate an occluded left anterior descending artery?

Answer 3

V1, V2, V3 and V4

Question 4

EKG Changes that demonstrate an occluded circumflex

Answer 4

I, aVL, V5, and V6

Question 5

EKG Changes that demonstrate an occluded right coronary artery

Answer 5

II, III, and aVF

Question 6

EKG changes with Hypercalcemia

Answer 6

1. Shortened ST segment and shortened QT
2. Flat T wave
3. Bradycardia, heart blocks, paroxysmal A fib, cardiac arrest

Question 7

Medication that decreases portal pressure in varicella bleeds?

Answer 7

Octreotide and sandostatin

Question 8

Bartholin’s Cyst Abscess?

Answer 8

Bartholin glands are located on either side of the vaginal opening.
Treatment includes warm compress, sit baths, and I&D

Question 9

Keratitis

Answer 9

Inflammation of the cornea

Question 10

Most common cause of TBI

Answer 10

falls

Question 11

Cranial Nerve 7

Answer 11

Facial nerve

-raise eyebrows, close eyelids tightly, show teeth, smile and frown, putt out cheeks

Question 12

Common VP shunt problems

Answer 12

1. Infection
2. Obstruction
3. Malposition

Question 13

How is Bacterial Meningitis spread?

Answer 13

Respiratory droplets

Question 14

Myasthenia Gravis Typically occurs at what age?

Answer 14

20-30 year old female

Hallmark signs are weakness, predominately seen in the ocular, facial, and neck muscles or the upper extremities

Question 15

COLD Mneumonic for seizure activity

Answer 15

C- character
O- Onset
L- Location
D- Duration

Question 16

Greenstick fracture

Answer 16

Caused by compression force and occurs most often in children under 10 yrs old

Question 17

Comminuted fracture

Answer 17

Result of severe direct trauma which causes the bone to break into two or more pieces

Question 18

Depressed fracture

Answer 18

Result of blunt trauma to a flat bone and often involves a large amount of soft tissue damage

Question 19

Traverse fracture

Answer 19

Result of a sharp, direct blow and high energy such as in an Auto vs Pedestrian

Question 20

3 D’s of Epiglottitis

Answer 20

1. Drooling
2. Dysphagia
3. Distress

Question 21

SABA Inhaler?

Answer 21

Short-acting beta agonist

Question 22

Varicella Immunization is what type of vaccine?

Answer 22

Live, attenuated

Question 23

Cushing’s syndrome is a result of?

Answer 23

excessive steroids

-Characterized by Hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and hypocalcemia

Question 24

Acute adrenal crisis

Answer 24

Caused by the abrupt discontinuation of steroids

Question 25

HIV testing in the ED?

Answer 25

All pt's seen in the ED who state they are IV drug users should be tested for HIV

Question 26

Common antiviral used for treatment of influenza

Answer 26

Oseltamivir or Tamiflu

Question 27

Functions of Bone Marrow

Answer 27

Primarily functions to produce blood cells and to store fat. Bone marrow functions include: 1. Red and white blood cell production 2. Platelet production

Question 28

Functions of the Spleen

Answer 28

Production of immunoglobulins by stimulating B cell activity

Question 29

Factors that stimulate antidiuretic hormone

Answer 29

1. Hyperthermia 2. Pain 3. Decreased blood volume 4. Hypotension 5. Stress

Question 30

Normal Prothrombin time (PT)

Answer 30

11.9-18.5 seconds

Question 31

Normal PTT time

Answer 31

24-36 seconds

Question 32

Normal Thrombin time

Answer 32

10-15 seconds

Question 33

Normal Bleeding time

Answer 33

Less than 8 minutes

Question 34

Symptoms of Decompression sickness "the bends"

Answer 34

Pain located in the vicinity of the articulating joints. Results from presence of gas bubbles in the blood and tissues. Common in scuba divers

Question 35

Class 1 hemorrhagic shock

Answer 35

Pt has lost less than 15% of his blood volume and pt HR is less than 100 BPM

Question 36

Class 2 Hemorrhagic shock

Answer 36

Pt has lost 15-30% of his blood volume and HR is >100BPM

Question 37

Class 3 Hemorrhagic shock

Answer 37

Pt has lost 30-40% of his blood volume and his heart is beating >120 BPM

Question 38

Class 4 Hemorrhagic shock

Answer 38

Pt has lost more than 40% of his blood volume and his heart is beating at 140 BPM or less

Question 39

Wadell Triad

Answer 39

``` Associated with high velocity accidents, typically auto vs pedestrian. Injuries include: 1. Chest/Abdomen 2. Head 3. Femurs ```

Question 40

Properties of Epinepherine

Answer 40

Epi has both alpha and beta adrenergic activity. This means Epi both strengthens myocardial contraction and also increases cardiac rate and output

Question 41

Describe compensated Shock

Answer 41

Inadequate delivery and/or extraction of oxygen that causes subclinical hypo-perfusion

Question 42

Normal CVP measurement

Answer 42

Between 2-7mmHg

Question 43

Increased CVP

Answer 43

>7mmHg | -indicative of venous congestion

Question 44

Decreased CVP

Answer 44

<2 | -Indicitive of hypovolemia

Question 45

Which part of the inner ear contains balance receptors

Answer 45

The vestibule and the semicircular canals

Question 46

How do you examine the retina?

Answer 46

Pupilary dilation

Question 47

Gastric Lavage indications

Answer 47

1. Potentially life-threatening poisonings 2. Symptomatic pt's who present w/in 1 hr of ingestion 3. Symptomatic pt's who ingested an agent that slows GI motility 4. Ingestion of sustained release medications 5. Pt who have taken massive life-threatening amount of a substance