Practice test Review #1

Question 1

Priority during an anaphalactic blood transfusion reaction

Answer 1

Stop Transfusion, keep vein open using saline, and notify physician and blood bank

Question 2

Position that helps prevent toxic absorption & reduce risk of aspiration?

Answer 2

Left lateral decubitus

Question 3

Most Common cause of myocardial rupture?

Answer 3

High-speed motor vehicle collision

Question 4

Considerations for Pregnant pt with Cardiopulmonary arrest?

Answer 4

1. administer 100% o2
2. Chest compressions slightly higher on chest
3. Manually displace uterus to left to prevent compression of IVC
4. Obtain IV access above diaphragm
5. Administer defibrillator only after internal or external fetal monitoring devices have been removed

Question 5

How to administer Epi in a code if IV/IO access is unobtainable

Answer 5

Administer 2-2.5 mg of epinephrine diluted in 10 ml of NS into ET TUBE

Question 6

Marfans syndrome is a risk factor for which cardiovascular condition?

Answer 6

Acute aortic disection

Question 7

What should ALWAYS be considered in a PT with abdominal pain and tachycardia?

Answer 7

Hypovolemia

Question 8

Organisms that cause bacterial meningitis

Answer 8

1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
2. Neisseria meningitidis
3. Haemophilus influenze

Question 9

Recommendation for lowering BP in Acute CVA Pt’s

Answer 9

1. Lower BP by only 15-25% in the first 24 hrs

Question 10

Most useful diagnostic test for PE

Answer 10

Helical or spiral CT scan

Question 11

Initial vasopressors of choice for hypotension in septic shock?

Answer 11

Norepinephrine and dopamine

Question 12

Side effect of protease inhibitors for HIV

Answer 12

Are potentially hepatotoxic

Question 13

Reversal agent or hypermagnesemia

Answer 13

Calcium gluconate

Question 14

How is Ringworm treated

Answer 14

Antifungal

Question 15

Coronary veins empty where??

Answer 15

Coronary sinus

Question 16

Risk factors for Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Answer 16

1. HIV
2. CMV
3. Hepatitis B
4. Pregnancy
5. Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 17

Displaced fracture

Answer 17

Bone snaps into two or more parts and the ends of the bone are no longer aligned

Question 18

Transverse Fracture

Answer 18

fracture runs directly across the bone

Question 19

Comminuted fracture

Answer 19

Bone is broken into fragments

Question 20

Avulsion fracture

Answer 20

Bone fragment has been separated from the bone

Question 21

Which ribs could damage kidneys if broken?

Answer 21

Ribs 11 and 12

Question 22

Injury caused by 1st and 2nd rib fractures?

Answer 22

Injury to lungs, ascending aorta, subclavian artery, and brachial plexus

Question 23

Syphilis is generally associated w/ what type of lesion?

Answer 23

Chancre lesions

Question 24

Chancroid is generally associated w?

Answer 24

Ulcers w/out defined edges

Question 25

Genital Herpes is generally associated w/

Answer 25

Multiple shallow vesicles

Question 26

STD's w/ no lesions associated?

Answer 26

1. Chlamydia 2. Gonorrhea 3. Genital warts 4. Trichomonas

Question 27

Cardiovascular changes in Pregnancy

Answer 27

1. Cardiac output increases by 30% 2. HR increases by 15-20 beats/minute 3. BP decreases by 15-20 mmHg

Question 28

BEAU-CHOPS mnemonic for pregnant women in cardiopulmonary arrest

Answer 28

``` B-bleeding E-embolism A-anesthetic complications U-uterine atony C-cardiac dz H-hypertension O-others (consider H's and T's) P-placental abruption or previa S-sepsis ```

Question 29

Signs of Impending delivery of a baby

Answer 29

1. Mother states she needs to defecate

Question 30

Considerations with complex facial wounds

Answer 30

1. Wound closure can be delayed as long as 20 hrs after time of injury 2. Plastic surgery consult Wounds outside of the face should be closed w/in 4 to 6 hrs

Question 31

Acute angle closure glaucoma | -what is it?

Answer 31

OCULAR EMERGENCY - Aqueous humor can't escape the anterior chamber of the eye - Pressure compresses the optic nerve - If left untreated it can result in blindness

Question 32

Acute angle closure glaucoma | -S/S

Answer 32

1. Acute eye pain 2. decreased peripheral vision 3. halo around lights 4. N/V 5. Severe headache, red eye 6. fixed dilated pupil

Question 33

Characteristics of Pertussis "Whooping cough"

Answer 33

1. Acute bacterial infection | 2. Incubation period of 7 -10 days

Question 34

Most frequent cause of upper airway obstruction in children?

Answer 34

Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis also known as "croup" - affects children between 6 months and 3 yrs - respiratory distress most frequent at night

Question 35

Complications with Blood administration

Answer 35

1. Hypocalcemia (check calcium after 10 units) 2. Hypothermia (Blood is cold) 3. hyperkalemia 4. coagulopathies

Question 36

Characteristics of Leukemia

Answer 36

1. Malignant proliferation of blast cells or immature white blood cells

Question 37

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

Answer 37

Consists of 1. unstable angina 2. Non-STEMI 3. STEMI

Question 38

H's and T's :: Common reversible causes of Arrest

Answer 38

1. Hypoxia, hypovolemia, hydrogen ions (acidosis), hypothermia, hypo/hyperkalemia 2. toxins, tamponade, tension pneumo, thrombosis

Question 39

Timing of elevated Trop after infarct

Answer 39

- Trop elevates between 3-12 hrs - Trop peaks between 10 and 24 hrs - Remains elevated for up to 9 days

Question 40

Timing of elevated CK-MB after infarct

Answer 40

- CK-MB elevates between 4-12 hrs - CK-MB peaks between 10-24 hrs - Returns to normal w/in 72 hrs

Question 41

5 P's of Acute arterial occlusion

Answer 41

1. Pain 2. Pallor 3. Pulselessness 4. Paresthesia 5. Paralysis

Question 42

HELLP

Answer 42

obstetric emergency and variant of preeclampsia H-hemolysis EL-elevated liver enzymes LP-low platelets

Question 43

Normal Intraocular pressure

Answer 43

10-21 mmHg measured using a tonometer

Question 44

C spine injury and cough reflex

Answer 44

- Injuries above C-3, absent cough reflex - Injuries from C3-C5, weak and ineffective cough reflex - Injuries between C6-T1, weak cough reflex

Question 45

American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale

Answer 45

0- No contraction or movement 1- Minimal movement 2- Active movement, but not against gravity 3- Active movement against gravity 4- Active movement against resistance 5- Active movement against full resistance

Question 46

Myasthenic Crisis Treatment

Answer 46

IV immune globulin

Question 47

Pneumonia Definition

Answer 47

Acute infection of the alveoli, distal airways, and lung interstitial space

Question 48

Rabies info

Answer 48

1. Transmitted through saliva of infected mammal 2. Result of exposure to wildlife, bats, raccoons, skinks and foxes 3. Almost always fatal

Question 49

Managing a pt with stingray bite

Answer 49

Immersion in hot water for 1 to 2 hrs.

Question 50

3 C's associated with measles

Answer 50

1. Conjunctivitis 2. Coryza 3. Cough

Question 51

Normal Mag level in infant

Answer 51

1.4 to 2 Meq/L