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Histology & Embriology #1 > Practice Test Questions (part 2) > Flashcards

Practice Test Questions (part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What type of nucleus does a ganglion cell have?

A

round and EUCHROMATIC nucleus

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2
Q

What type of nucleus does a orthochromatic normoblast have?

A

small, pykontic (very condensed) dark and heterchromatic

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3
Q

Which has more capillaries: loose connective tissue or dense regular connective tissue?

A

Loose connective tissue

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4
Q

Which structures are primarily microtubules?

A

cilia, axoneme, basal bodies, flagellum of sperm

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5
Q

What structures are primarily microfilaments?

A

microvilli, striated border, brush border, stereocilia

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6
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

The secretion of new cartilage matrix along the surface of a pre-existing cartilage.

Occurs by ostoeoblasts from the periosteum

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7
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

The process of chondrocyte division, hypertrophy, osteoblast deposition and osteoclast resorption restricted to the end of bones.

Primarily due to chondrocyte division

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8
Q

What is intracartilaginous growth?

A

laying down a layer of cartrilage and then having osteoblasts deposit bone on pieces of calcified cartilage while osteoclasts resorb the calcified cartilage to give new space

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9
Q

The primary defect in osteoarthritis is the degeneration of…?

A

the articular cartilage.

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10
Q

Arrange the following steps in order ofor endochondral ossification:

a) formation of a cartilage model
b) loss of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate
c) loss of osteocytes in the epiphyseal plate
d) invasion of a periosteal bud
e) formation a secondary ossification center

A

a) formation of a cartilage mode
d) invasion of a periosteal budl
e) formation a secondary ossification center
b) loss of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate

The following does not occur in endochondral ossification:
c) loss of osteocytes in the epiphyseal plate

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11
Q

What is not present in an adult tooth, endothelial cells or ameloblasts?

A

Ameloblasts [grows enamel, only in kids]

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12
Q

In a cross section, how can a cardiac muscle best be differentiated from smooth muscle?

A

A cardiac muscle has larger, more variable sized fibers.

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13
Q

What is a primary lysosome?

A

newly formed, virgin lysosome

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14
Q

What is secondary lysosome?

A

Vesicles formed after fusion of the primary lysosome with the membrane bound material to be destroyed.

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15
Q

Can a satellite cell replicate?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Can an osteoblast replicate?

A

No

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17
Q

Can an endothelial cell replicate?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Can a fibroblast replicate?

A

Yes

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19
Q

Can a chondrocyte replicate?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What three cell types have very tightly coiled chromatin? What does this indicate about the cell?

A

Adipose, Mucous, and Goblet cells. Having very tightly coiled chromatin means they are inactive, or heterochromatic.

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21
Q

What cell secretes antibodies? What is it derived from? What type of cytoplasm and nucleus does it have?

A

Plasma cells secrete antibodies. They are derived from B-Lymphocytes. They have a basophilic cytoplasm with a small round eccentric nucleus.

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22
Q

What tissue can grow appositionally and interstitally?

A

only cartilage

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23
Q

Where do osteoblasts differentiate from stem cells?

A

Volkmann’s canals, periosteum, marrow cavity, endosteum. Anywhere you can find osteoblasts.

24
Q

What large cell has a lobated, polyploid nucleus that can be found in bone marrow?

A

Megakaryocyte

25
Q

From what part of the germ layer do odontoblasts arise from?

A

neural crest cells

26
Q

From what part of the germ layer do Schwann cells arise from?

A

neural crest cells

27
Q

From what part of the germ layer do parasympathetic ganglion cells arise from?

A

neural crest cells

28
Q

From what part of the germ layer do mesenchymal cells arise from?

A

neural crest cells

29
Q

The axon hillock prevents ______ from entering the axon.

A

Ribosomes

30
Q

Severing the dorsal roots will result in damage to neurons whose cell bodies are located in the…?

A

spinal ganglia

31
Q

Severing the spinal cord will result in damage to neurons whose cell bodies are located in the…?

A

spinal ganglia and gray matter

32
Q

In peripheral nerves, what are the layers starting from the axon and going outward?

A

Axon –> myelin –> schwan cell nucleus/cytoplasm–> basal lamina–> endoneurim (fibroblast, CT)

33
Q

What does the serous gland of the Pancreas secrete?

A

Digestive enzymes like trypsinogens, chymotrypsinogen, amylase, lipase, deoxyribonuclease in inactive proenzyme form.

34
Q

What do the islets of the Pancreas secrete?

A

Beta cells - insulin (70%)
alpha cells - glucagon (20%)
delta cells - somatostatin
PP cell - pancreatic polypeptide

35
Q

What type of capillaries are in the islets of langerhans?

A

fenestrated capillaries

36
Q

From which germ layer are the bones of the vertebral column from?

A

mesoderm

37
Q

From which germ layer are the bones of the cranial vault from?

A

ectoderm

38
Q

From which germ layer are the epithelial lining of the stomach from?

A

endoderm

39
Q

From which germ layer are the smooth muscle of the aorta from?

A

Mesoderm

40
Q

From which germ layer are leukocytes and erythrocytes from?

A

Mesoderm

41
Q

Where do developing erythroblasts take place?

A

bone marrow

42
Q

Where do developing leukocytes take place?

A

in the blood

43
Q

Which cell is normally present in a healthy individual’s blood sample? why?

a) plasma cell
b) eosinophilic metamyelocyte
c) neutrophilic band

A

c) Neutrophilic band

Because there is always a low level present of neutrophils in the blood, even when the patient is healthy.

44
Q

What do smooth muscle fibers not have that skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers do?

A

T-tubules, terminal cisternae, multinucleated cells, sarcomeres, z-lines

45
Q

What are some characteristic features of smooth muscle fibers?

A

single nucleus per cell, intermediate filaments, pinocytotic vesicles, and cigar shaped nucleus

46
Q

Where are purkinje fibers located?

A

in the endocardium of the heart

47
Q

Describe purkinje fibers.

A

Located in the endocardium of the heart, purkinje fibers are large cells with abundant glycogen stores.

48
Q

Hepatocytes secrete conjugated bilirubin directly into what?

A

bile canaliculi.

49
Q

Arterioles in the liver portal triad dump into what?

A

liver sinusoids

50
Q

What do dense regular connective tissue and fibrocartilage have in common?

A

Both have Type I collagen fiber bundles

51
Q

What type of cytoplasm and nucleus does an orthochromatophilic normoblast have?

A

an acidophilic cytoplasm and a round, pyknotic nucleus

52
Q

What is the function of a muscle spindle? What neuron does it attach to?

A

Function - sensory receptor for muscle

Neuron attachment - Dorsal root ganglion.

53
Q

Do sympathetic ganglion attach to skeletal muscle?

A

No

54
Q

What do sympathetic ganglion attach to?

A

Cardiac muscle, Smooth muscle and Glands

55
Q

What is a sinusoid?

A

A type of capillary

Histology & Embriology #1 (2 decks)

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