Practice Test Questions Flashcards
Which is most correct: A cell with a lightly stained nucleus:
a) has a cytoplasm with lots of free ribosomes
b) has little protein secretion
c) has an inactive genome
d) secretes large amounts of protein
e) has a heterochromatic nucleus
d) secretes large amounts of protein
A cell in G0 phase has what DNA content?
a) N
b) 2N
c) 3N
d) 4N
e) 1/2 N
b) 2N
In metaphase of mitosis, a cell has what DNA content?
a) N
b) 2N
c) 3N
d) 4N
e) 1/2 N
d) 4N
In what phase does a cell’s DNA double?
a) G0
b) G2
c) G1
d) M
e) S
e) S
Which connection is CORRECTLY paired with it’s function?
a) intermediate junction - stabilizes cytoskeletons
b) desmosome - attaches cell to basal lamina
c) gap junction - blocks passage of molecules and cells
d) tight junction - metabolic coupling
e) hemidesmosome - keeps neighboring cells from pulling apart
a) intermediate junction - stabilizes cytoskeleton
Which of the following structures is pathological in the epithelium?
a) microvilli
b) cilia
c) capillaries
d) mitotic figures
e) goblet cells
c) capillaries - epithelium is totally avascular.
What is not characteristic of a mucous cell?
a) flat nucleus
b) heterochromatic nucleus
c) rich with granules
d) poorly stained cytoplasm
e) light or empty appearing cytoplasm
c) rich with granules
What is not characteristic of a serous cell?
a) basophilic cytopolasm
b) lightly stained nucleus
c) rich with granules
d) round nucleus
e) heterochromatic nucleus
e) heterochromatic nucleus
What is a malignant tumor from skeletal muscle called?
rhabomyo- sarcoma
What is a malignant tumor from epithelial tissue called?
adenocarcinoma
What is a malignant tumor from cartilage called?
chondro- sarcoma
What is a malignant tumor from adipose called?
lipo- sarcoma
What is a benign tumor from cartilage called?
chondroma
What is a benign tumor from the parotid gland called?
adenoma
What is a malignant tumor from the epithelium of the GI tract called?
carcinoma
What is a malignant tumor from fibroblast connective tissue called?
fibro- sarcoma
What type of fiber in connective tissue is visible with a light microscope?
Type I collagen fibers
What type of fiber in connective tissue is visible with only special stains?
Reticular fibers = Type III collagen
What type of fiber is present in cartilage?
Type II Collagen
What type of fiber is visible only in basal lamina?
Type IV Collagen
Ostoclasts are drived from?
Monocytes
Plasma cells are derived from?
B-Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are derived from?
Lymphoblasts
What is the function of:
1) Eosinophil?
2) Neutrophil?
3) Basophil?
4) Fibroblasts?
5) Lymphocyte?
1) Eosinophil :: parasite destruction
2) Neutrophil :: bacteria destruction
3) Basophil :: anaphylaxis
4) Fibroblasts :: secrete fibers and ground substance
5) Lymphocyte :: Production of antibodies
I have a bilobed nucleus and acidophilic grains, what is my function?? What am I?
parasite destruction (eosinophil)
I have a flat heterochromatic nucleus, what is my function?? What am I?
secrete fibers and ground substance (fibroblast)
I have a bilobed nucleus and dark staining cytoplasm, what is my function?? What am I?
secretion of histamine/heparine (basophil)
I have a multilobed nucleus with azurophilic granules, what is my function?? What am I?
destruction of bacteria (neutrophil)
I have a round nucleus with a thin basophilic cytoplasm, what is my function? What am I?
production of antibodies (lymphocyte)
Which type of cartilage has a perichondrium?
Hyaline cartilage and Elastic Cartilage
HE has all the perichondrium
Which type of cartilage has no perichondrium?
Fibrocartilage and Articular cartilage.
FAther does not like perichondrium.
What type of fibers are in compact bone?
Type I collagen (fibrocartilage)
What type of fibers are found in the Basal lamina?
Type IV collagen
What type of fibers are found in elastic cartilage?
Elastin
What type of fibers are round in connective tissue?
Type III collagen
What type of fibers are found in Bone Marrow?
Type III collagen
What type of fibers are found in hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage?
Type II collagen
What is the difference between hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage?
Elastic cartilage also has elastin fibers.
Which of the following is paired correctly?
a) osteoclasts - secrete osteoid
b) osteoblasts - reabsorb bone
c) osteocytes - interconnected by canaliculi
d) osteoprogenitor cells - trapped in lacunae
e) all of the above
c) osteocytes - interconnected by canaliculi
Which of the following is paired correctly?
a) osteoblasts- secrete osteoid
b) osteocytes - reabsorb bone
c) osteoprogenitor cells - interconnected by canaliculi
d) osteoclasts - trapped in lacunae
e) all of the above
a) osteoblasts- secrete osteoid
Which of the following is paired correctly?
a) osteoclasts - secrete osteoid
b) osteoblasts - reabsorb bone
c) osteoprogenitor cells - interconnected by canaliculi
d) osteocytes - trapped in lacunae
e) all of the above
d) osteocytes - trapped in lacunae
In endochondral ossification, what is responsible for interstitial growth (length)?
Chondrocyte division
In endochondral ossification, what is responsible for appositional growth (width)?
osteoblasts
In endochondral ossification, what is responsible for marrow cavity enlargement?
Osteoclasts
In intramembrane ossification, what is responsible for spicule and trabeculae growth?
Osteocytes
In intramembrane ossification, what is responsible for the connective tissue formation?
Fibroblasts
What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?
Compact bones have osteons (Haversion systems) and interstitial lamaellae
Which cells have both actin and myosin present?
a) smooth muscle
b) myofibroblasts
c) myoepithelial cells
d) pericytes
ALL OF THEM.
Which of the following cannot undergo mitosis?
a) lower motor neuron
b) purkinje fiber
c) astrocyte
d) sympathetic ganglion cell
e) preganglionic parasympathetic neuron
All but astrocyte.
a) lower motor neuron
b) purkinje fiber
d) sympathetic ganglion cell
e) preganglionic parasympathetic neuron
What type of nucleus does an eosinophil have?
Bilobed nucleus
What type of nucleus does a basophil have?
bilobed nucleus
What type of nucleus does a serous cell have?
Euchromatic round nucleus
What type of nucleus does a mature neutrophil have?
Segmented nucleus
What type of nucleus does a lymphocyte have?
Heterochromatic round nucleus
What type of nucleus does a monocyte have?
Large, bean shaped nucleus
Which of the following are found in hyalomeres?
a) lambda-granules
b) alpha granules
c) cytoskeletal elements
d) crystalline granules
e) no nucleus
c) cytoskeletal elements
Which of the following are found in granulomeres?
a) lambda-granules
b) alpha granules
c) cytoskeletal elements
d) crystalline granules
e) no nucleus
a) lambda-granules
b) alpha granules
d) crystalline granules
Which of the following are found in platelets?
a) lambda-granules
b) alpha granules
c) cytoskeletal elements
d) crystalline granules
e) no nucleus
e) no nucleus
Which of the following is most responsible for a hematooxylin stain?
a) lysosome
b) golgi appartus
c) hematochormatin
d) mitochondria
e) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c) hematochormatin
What can hematoxylin stain?
nucleoli, hematochromatin, chromosomes, RER, Ribosomes
What does eosin stain?
lysosomes, mitochondria, and SER
What is the main function of cilia?
movement of material
What is the main function of microvilli?
increase surface area for absorption
I have a round, pykotic nucleus with acidophilic cytoplasm, what am I?
orthochromatic normoblast
I have a kidney shaped nucleus with orange granules in my cytoplasm, what am I?
Eosinophilic metamyleocyte
I have a round checkerboard nucleus with polychromatic cytoplasm, what am I?
Polychromatic erythroblast
I have no nucleus with some polyribosomes in my cytoplasm, what am I?
reticulocyte
I have a U-shaped nucleus with orange-red ribosomes in my cytoplasm, what am I?
Eosinophilic band
Which cells would you see in a blood smear?
a) neutrophilic band
b) eosinophil
c) basophil
d) reticulocyte
e) erythrocytes
ALL of them
Which of the following is secreted by the basal lamina?
a) heprain sulfate proteoglycan
b) Type IV collagen
c) enactin
d) laminin
e) all of the above
e) all of the above
All secreted by epithelial cells
Which of the following is attached to connective tissue via the basal lamina?
Schwann cell Cardiac Muscle Adipocyte Serous Cell Fibroblast
Schwann cell
Cardiac Muscle
Adipocyte
Serous Cell
What is a blood/bone marrow cancer called?
leukemia
What is an epithelial tumor called?
carcinoma
What is a benign gland tumor called?
adenoma
What is a malignant adipose cancer called?
sarcoma
What is a malignant tumor from a glandular or epithelial cell called?
adenocarcinoma
What are plasma cells derived from?
B-lymphocyes
What are myoblasts derived from?
satellite cells
What are histeocytes/macrophages derived from?
monocytes
What are osteocytes derived from?
Osteoblasts
What are chondroblasts derived from
Mesenchyme cells
At what stage does the embryo attach to the uterus?
a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
Which of the following occurs first?
a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube
a) solid ball of cells (morula)
Which of the following occurs at the beginning of week three?
a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube
b) fat disc with primative streak
Which of the following occurs at the end of week three?
a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube
Which of the following is an epiblast?
a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
Which of the following is an morula?
a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube
a) solid ball of cells
Which of the following does not arise from the mesoderm?
a) adrenal cortex
b) blood cells
c) support tissues
d) cerebellum
e) lymph cells
d) cerebellum
Which of the following is found in fibrocartilage?
a) cells interconnected with canaliculi
b) perichondrium
c) capillaries
d) isolated cells trapped in lacunae
e) fibroblasts in rows
d) isolated cells trapped in lacunae
Which of the following is found in bone?
a) cells interconnected with canaliculi
b) perichondrium
c) capillaries
d) isolated cells trapped in lacunae
e) fibroblasts in rows
a) cells interconnected with canaliculi
Which of the following is found in dense regular connective tissue?
a) cells interconnected with canaliculi
b) perichondrium
c) capillaries
d) isolated cells trapped in lacunae
e) fibroblasts in rows
e) fibroblasts in rows
What is not contribute to the formation of the cranial vault?
a) osteoblasts
b) osteoclasts
c) mesenchyme
d) chondrocyte
e) neural crest cells
d) chondrocyte
What structure is responsible for the unison of smooth muscle contractions?
gap junctions
Which of the following is not found on cardiac muscle?
a) abundant mitochondria
b) myofibrils
c) motor end plate
d) sarcomere
e) centrally located nuclei
c) motor end plate
Which of the following is secreted by the aorta?
a) elastic fibers
b) reticular fibers
c) collagen fibers
d) proteoglycans
e) all of the above
e) all of the above
Which of the following is not present in the ulnar nerve?
a) cell bodies
b) blood vessels
c) unmyelinated cells
d) epineurium
e) Schwann cells
a) cell bodies
What is the function of:
- neutrophils?
- basophils?
- eosinophils?
- lymphocytes?
- monocytes?
- neutrophils :: kill bacteria
- basophils :: anaphylaxis
- eosinophils :: allergic reaction/destruction of parasites
- lymphocytes :: secretion of antibodies
- monocytes :: phagocytosis
Platelets secrete:
a) thromboplastin
b) histaminase
c) meloperoxidase
d) major basic protein
e) eosinophilic hemotactic
thromboplastin
neutrophils secrete:
a) thromboplastin
b) histaminase
c) meloperoxidase
d) major basic protein
e) eosinophilic hemotactic
meloperoxidase
basophils secrete:
a) thromboplastin
b) histaminase
c) meloperoxidase
d) major basic protein
e) eosinophilic hemotactic
eosinophilic hemotactic
eosinophils secrete:
a) thromboplastin
c) meloperoxidase and histimase
d) major basic protein
e) eosinophilic hemotactic
meloperoxidase and histaimase
Where does hematopoesis occur in the embryo?
bone marrow, yolk sac, liver, thymus, spleen and lymph nodes
Where does hematopoesis occur after birth?
mostly in the bone marrow but also in lymphoid organs
What are characteristics of necrotic cells?
shrunken nucleus, swollen ER, enlarged cell volume, very acidophilic cytoplasm
What is the function of a zona occludens (tight junction)?
Prevent diffusion between cells
What is the function of intermediate junctions (zona adherens)?
anchors filaments to terminal web
What is the function of desmosomes (macula adherens)?
strong spot attachment between cells
What is the function of hemidesmosomes?
attaches the cell to the basal lamina
What is the function of the gap junction?
Allows passage of small molecules directly from one cell to another
The replacement of one cell with another is called…?
metaplasia
The alteration of size, shape and organization of cells is called…?
dysplasia
The increase in cell numbers is called…?
hyperplasia
The increase in cell size and organelles is called?
hypertrophy
The reversal of differentiation of cells is called…?
anaplasia
Which is correctly paired?
a) smooth muscle - round nucleus
b) adipose cell - flat nucleus
c) osteoblast - cigar shaped nucleus
d) plasma cell - kidney shaped nucleus
e) mast cell - bilobed
b) adipose cell - flat nucleus
Which is correctly paired?
a) smooth muscle - kidney shaped nucleus
b) adipose cell - round nucleus
c) osteoblast - round euchromatic nucleus
d) plasma cell - cigar shaped nucleus
e) mast cell - bilobed
c) osteoblast - round euchromatic nucleus
Which is correctly paired?
a) smooth muscle - kidney shaped nucleus
b) adipose cell - round nucleus
c) osteoblast - bilobed
d) plasma cell - cigar shaped nucleus
e) mast cell - small round nucleus
e) mast cell - small round nucleus
Which is correctly paired?
a) smooth muscle - central nucleus
b) adipose cell - round nucleus
c) osteoblast - bilobed
d) plasma cell - cigar shaped nucleus
e) mast cell - kidney shaped nucleus
a) smooth muscle - central nucleus
Which is correctly paired?
a) smooth muscle - bilobed
b) adipose cell - central nucleus
c) osteoblast - cigar shaped nucleus
d) plasma cell - round nucleus
e) mast cell - kidney shaped nucleus
d) plasma cell - round nucleus
Answer True or False. If false, give the correct description:
Eosinophils:
a) are agranulocytes
b) divided into hyalomere and granulomere
c) have nucleus with many lobes
d) contains granules with crystalline cores
e) are primarily active in the blood stream
a) are agranulocytes - FALSE. Eosinophils are granulocytes
b) divided into hyalmere and granulomere - FALSE. Platealets are divided into hyalomere and ganulomere
c) have nucleus with many lobes. - FALSE. Eosinophils have only two lobes. Neutrophils have many lobes
d) contains granules with crystalline cores - TRUE
e) are primarily active in the blood stream - False, also active in connective tissue.
Which of the following would not be present in a blood smear?
a) reticulocyte
b) plasma cell
c) monocyte
d) polymorphonuclear leukocyte
e) thrombocyte
b) plasma cell
What in a basophilic erythroblast makes it blue?
polyribosomes
Which vessel has longitudinally arranged muscle in tunica adventia?
Large Vein
Which vessel has the tunica adventia as the thickest layer with a loose periphery?
Small/median vein
Which vessel has a thick layer of elastic fenestrated sheets in tunica media with a little smooth muscle?
Elastic artery
Which vessel has a prominent internal elastic membrane?
muscular artery
Which vessel has a thick concentric layer of smooth muscles with elastic sheaths?
muscular artery
The vena cava is what type of vessel, which is characterized by what?
A large vein with longitudinally arranged muscle in tunica adventia
The femoral vein is what type of vessel, which is characterized by what?
small/median vein with tunica adventia as the thickest layer with a loose periphery
The ascending aorta is what type of vessel, which is characterized by what?
elastic artery; which has a thick layer of elastic fenestrated sheets in tunica media with a little smooth muscle
The femoral artery and brachial artery are what type of vessels, which is characterized by what?
Muscular arteries; which have a prominent internal elastic membrane and thick concentric layer of smooth muscles with elastic sheaths
Which of the following is an example of a pseudounipolar nerve?
a) parasympathetic ganglion
b) preganglionic sympathetcic
c) lower motor neuron
d) dorsal root ganglion
d) dorsal root ganglion
Which of the following is not a multipolar nerve? . a) parasympathetic ganglion b) preganglionic sympathetcic c) lower motor neuron d) dorsal root ganglion
d) dorsal root ganglion
