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Histology & Embriology #1 > Practice Test Questions > Flashcards

Practice Test Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which is most correct: A cell with a lightly stained nucleus:

a) has a cytoplasm with lots of free ribosomes
b) has little protein secretion
c) has an inactive genome
d) secretes large amounts of protein
e) has a heterochromatic nucleus

A

d) secretes large amounts of protein

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2
Q

A cell in G0 phase has what DNA content?

a) N
b) 2N
c) 3N
d) 4N
e) 1/2 N

A

b) 2N

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3
Q

In metaphase of mitosis, a cell has what DNA content?

a) N
b) 2N
c) 3N
d) 4N
e) 1/2 N

A

d) 4N

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4
Q

In what phase does a cell’s DNA double?

a) G0
b) G2
c) G1
d) M
e) S

A

e) S

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5
Q

Which connection is CORRECTLY paired with it’s function?

a) intermediate junction - stabilizes cytoskeletons
b) desmosome - attaches cell to basal lamina
c) gap junction - blocks passage of molecules and cells
d) tight junction - metabolic coupling
e) hemidesmosome - keeps neighboring cells from pulling apart

A

a) intermediate junction - stabilizes cytoskeleton

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6
Q

Which of the following structures is pathological in the epithelium?

a) microvilli
b) cilia
c) capillaries
d) mitotic figures
e) goblet cells

A

c) capillaries - epithelium is totally avascular.

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7
Q

What is not characteristic of a mucous cell?

a) flat nucleus
b) heterochromatic nucleus
c) rich with granules
d) poorly stained cytoplasm
e) light or empty appearing cytoplasm

A

c) rich with granules

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8
Q

What is not characteristic of a serous cell?

a) basophilic cytopolasm
b) lightly stained nucleus
c) rich with granules
d) round nucleus
e) heterochromatic nucleus

A

e) heterochromatic nucleus

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9
Q

What is a malignant tumor from skeletal muscle called?

A

rhabomyo- sarcoma

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10
Q

What is a malignant tumor from epithelial tissue called?

A

adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

What is a malignant tumor from cartilage called?

A

chondro- sarcoma

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12
Q

What is a malignant tumor from adipose called?

A

lipo- sarcoma

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13
Q

What is a benign tumor from cartilage called?

A

chondroma

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14
Q

What is a benign tumor from the parotid gland called?

A

adenoma

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15
Q

What is a malignant tumor from the epithelium of the GI tract called?

A

carcinoma

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16
Q

What is a malignant tumor from fibroblast connective tissue called?

A

fibro- sarcoma

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17
Q

What type of fiber in connective tissue is visible with a light microscope?

A

Type I collagen fibers

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18
Q

What type of fiber in connective tissue is visible with only special stains?

A

Reticular fibers = Type III collagen

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19
Q

What type of fiber is present in cartilage?

A

Type II Collagen

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20
Q

What type of fiber is visible only in basal lamina?

A

Type IV Collagen

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21
Q

Ostoclasts are drived from?

A

Monocytes

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22
Q

Plasma cells are derived from?

A

B-Lymphocytes

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23
Q

Lymphocytes are derived from?

A

Lymphoblasts

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24
Q

What is the function of:

1) Eosinophil?
2) Neutrophil?
3) Basophil?
4) Fibroblasts?
5) Lymphocyte?

A

1) Eosinophil :: parasite destruction
2) Neutrophil :: bacteria destruction
3) Basophil :: anaphylaxis
4) Fibroblasts :: secrete fibers and ground substance
5) Lymphocyte :: Production of antibodies

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25
Q

I have a bilobed nucleus and acidophilic grains, what is my function?? What am I?

A

parasite destruction (eosinophil)

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26
Q

I have a flat heterochromatic nucleus, what is my function?? What am I?

A

secrete fibers and ground substance (fibroblast)

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27
Q

I have a bilobed nucleus and dark staining cytoplasm, what is my function?? What am I?

A

secretion of histamine/heparine (basophil)

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28
Q

I have a multilobed nucleus with azurophilic granules, what is my function?? What am I?

A

destruction of bacteria (neutrophil)

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29
Q

I have a round nucleus with a thin basophilic cytoplasm, what is my function? What am I?

A

production of antibodies (lymphocyte)

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30
Q

Which type of cartilage has a perichondrium?

A

Hyaline cartilage and Elastic Cartilage

HE has all the perichondrium

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31
Q

Which type of cartilage has no perichondrium?

A

Fibrocartilage and Articular cartilage.

FAther does not like perichondrium.

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32
Q

What type of fibers are in compact bone?

A

Type I collagen (fibrocartilage)

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33
Q

What type of fibers are found in the Basal lamina?

A

Type IV collagen

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34
Q

What type of fibers are found in elastic cartilage?

A

Elastin

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35
Q

What type of fibers are round in connective tissue?

A

Type III collagen

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36
Q

What type of fibers are found in Bone Marrow?

A

Type III collagen

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37
Q

What type of fibers are found in hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage?

A

Type II collagen

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38
Q

What is the difference between hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage?

A

Elastic cartilage also has elastin fibers.

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39
Q

Which of the following is paired correctly?

a) osteoclasts - secrete osteoid
b) osteoblasts - reabsorb bone
c) osteocytes - interconnected by canaliculi
d) osteoprogenitor cells - trapped in lacunae
e) all of the above

A

c) osteocytes - interconnected by canaliculi

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40
Q

Which of the following is paired correctly?

a) osteoblasts- secrete osteoid
b) osteocytes - reabsorb bone
c) osteoprogenitor cells - interconnected by canaliculi
d) osteoclasts - trapped in lacunae
e) all of the above

A

a) osteoblasts- secrete osteoid

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41
Q

Which of the following is paired correctly?

a) osteoclasts - secrete osteoid
b) osteoblasts - reabsorb bone
c) osteoprogenitor cells - interconnected by canaliculi
d) osteocytes - trapped in lacunae
e) all of the above

A

d) osteocytes - trapped in lacunae

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42
Q

In endochondral ossification, what is responsible for interstitial growth (length)?

A

Chondrocyte division

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43
Q

In endochondral ossification, what is responsible for appositional growth (width)?

A

osteoblasts

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44
Q

In endochondral ossification, what is responsible for marrow cavity enlargement?

A

Osteoclasts

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45
Q

In intramembrane ossification, what is responsible for spicule and trabeculae growth?

A

Osteocytes

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46
Q

In intramembrane ossification, what is responsible for the connective tissue formation?

A

Fibroblasts

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47
Q

What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

A

Compact bones have osteons (Haversion systems) and interstitial lamaellae

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48
Q

Which cells have both actin and myosin present?

a) smooth muscle
b) myofibroblasts
c) myoepithelial cells
d) pericytes

A

ALL OF THEM.

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49
Q

Which of the following cannot undergo mitosis?

a) lower motor neuron
b) purkinje fiber
c) astrocyte
d) sympathetic ganglion cell
e) preganglionic parasympathetic neuron

A

All but astrocyte.

a) lower motor neuron
b) purkinje fiber
d) sympathetic ganglion cell
e) preganglionic parasympathetic neuron

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50
Q

What type of nucleus does an eosinophil have?

A

Bilobed nucleus

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51
Q

What type of nucleus does a basophil have?

A

bilobed nucleus

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52
Q

What type of nucleus does a serous cell have?

A

Euchromatic round nucleus

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53
Q

What type of nucleus does a mature neutrophil have?

A

Segmented nucleus

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54
Q

What type of nucleus does a lymphocyte have?

A

Heterochromatic round nucleus

55
Q

What type of nucleus does a monocyte have?

A

Large, bean shaped nucleus

56
Q

Which of the following are found in hyalomeres?

a) lambda-granules
b) alpha granules
c) cytoskeletal elements
d) crystalline granules
e) no nucleus

A

c) cytoskeletal elements

57
Q

Which of the following are found in granulomeres?

a) lambda-granules
b) alpha granules
c) cytoskeletal elements
d) crystalline granules
e) no nucleus

A

a) lambda-granules
b) alpha granules
d) crystalline granules

58
Q

Which of the following are found in platelets?

a) lambda-granules
b) alpha granules
c) cytoskeletal elements
d) crystalline granules
e) no nucleus

A

e) no nucleus

59
Q

Which of the following is most responsible for a hematooxylin stain?

a) lysosome
b) golgi appartus
c) hematochormatin
d) mitochondria
e) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

c) hematochormatin

60
Q

What can hematoxylin stain?

A

nucleoli, hematochromatin, chromosomes, RER, Ribosomes

61
Q

What does eosin stain?

A

lysosomes, mitochondria, and SER

62
Q

What is the main function of cilia?

A

movement of material

63
Q

What is the main function of microvilli?

A

increase surface area for absorption

64
Q

I have a round, pykotic nucleus with acidophilic cytoplasm, what am I?

A

orthochromatic normoblast

65
Q

I have a kidney shaped nucleus with orange granules in my cytoplasm, what am I?

A

Eosinophilic metamyleocyte

66
Q

I have a round checkerboard nucleus with polychromatic cytoplasm, what am I?

A

Polychromatic erythroblast

67
Q

I have no nucleus with some polyribosomes in my cytoplasm, what am I?

A

reticulocyte

68
Q

I have a U-shaped nucleus with orange-red ribosomes in my cytoplasm, what am I?

A

Eosinophilic band

69
Q

Which cells would you see in a blood smear?

a) neutrophilic band
b) eosinophil
c) basophil
d) reticulocyte
e) erythrocytes

A

ALL of them

70
Q

Which of the following is secreted by the basal lamina?

a) heprain sulfate proteoglycan
b) Type IV collagen
c) enactin
d) laminin
e) all of the above

A

e) all of the above

All secreted by epithelial cells

71
Q

Which of the following is attached to connective tissue via the basal lamina?

Schwann cell
Cardiac Muscle
Adipocyte
Serous Cell
Fibroblast
A

Schwann cell
Cardiac Muscle
Adipocyte
Serous Cell

72
Q

What is a blood/bone marrow cancer called?

A

leukemia

73
Q

What is an epithelial tumor called?

A

carcinoma

74
Q

What is a benign gland tumor called?

A

adenoma

75
Q

What is a malignant adipose cancer called?

A

sarcoma

76
Q

What is a malignant tumor from a glandular or epithelial cell called?

A

adenocarcinoma

77
Q

What are plasma cells derived from?

A

B-lymphocyes

78
Q

What are myoblasts derived from?

A

satellite cells

79
Q

What are histeocytes/macrophages derived from?

A

monocytes

80
Q

What are osteocytes derived from?

A

Osteoblasts

81
Q

What are chondroblasts derived from

A

Mesenchyme cells

82
Q

At what stage does the embryo attach to the uterus?

a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube

A

d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)

83
Q

Which of the following occurs first?

a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube

A

a) solid ball of cells (morula)

84
Q

Which of the following occurs at the beginning of week three?

a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube

A

b) fat disc with primative streak

85
Q

Which of the following occurs at the end of week three?

a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube

A

e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube

86
Q

Which of the following is an epiblast?

a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube

A

c) flat dist w/ two cell layers

87
Q

Which of the following is an morula?

a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube

A

a) solid ball of cells

88
Q

Which of the following does not arise from the mesoderm?

a) adrenal cortex
b) blood cells
c) support tissues
d) cerebellum
e) lymph cells

A

d) cerebellum

89
Q

Which of the following is found in fibrocartilage?

a) cells interconnected with canaliculi
b) perichondrium
c) capillaries
d) isolated cells trapped in lacunae
e) fibroblasts in rows

A

d) isolated cells trapped in lacunae

90
Q

Which of the following is found in bone?

a) cells interconnected with canaliculi
b) perichondrium
c) capillaries
d) isolated cells trapped in lacunae
e) fibroblasts in rows

A

a) cells interconnected with canaliculi

91
Q

Which of the following is found in dense regular connective tissue?

a) cells interconnected with canaliculi
b) perichondrium
c) capillaries
d) isolated cells trapped in lacunae
e) fibroblasts in rows

A

e) fibroblasts in rows

92
Q

What is not contribute to the formation of the cranial vault?

a) osteoblasts
b) osteoclasts
c) mesenchyme
d) chondrocyte
e) neural crest cells

A

d) chondrocyte

93
Q

What structure is responsible for the unison of smooth muscle contractions?

A

gap junctions

94
Q

Which of the following is not found on cardiac muscle?

a) abundant mitochondria
b) myofibrils
c) motor end plate
d) sarcomere
e) centrally located nuclei

A

c) motor end plate

95
Q

Which of the following is secreted by the aorta?

a) elastic fibers
b) reticular fibers
c) collagen fibers
d) proteoglycans
e) all of the above

A

e) all of the above

96
Q

Which of the following is not present in the ulnar nerve?

a) cell bodies
b) blood vessels
c) unmyelinated cells
d) epineurium
e) Schwann cells

A

a) cell bodies

97
Q

What is the function of:

  • neutrophils?
  • basophils?
  • eosinophils?
  • lymphocytes?
  • monocytes?
A
  • neutrophils :: kill bacteria
  • basophils :: anaphylaxis
  • eosinophils :: allergic reaction/destruction of parasites
  • lymphocytes :: secretion of antibodies
  • monocytes :: phagocytosis
98
Q

Platelets secrete:

a) thromboplastin
b) histaminase
c) meloperoxidase
d) major basic protein
e) eosinophilic hemotactic

A

thromboplastin

99
Q

neutrophils secrete:

a) thromboplastin
b) histaminase
c) meloperoxidase
d) major basic protein
e) eosinophilic hemotactic

A

meloperoxidase

100
Q

basophils secrete:

a) thromboplastin
b) histaminase
c) meloperoxidase
d) major basic protein
e) eosinophilic hemotactic

A

eosinophilic hemotactic

101
Q

eosinophils secrete:

a) thromboplastin
c) meloperoxidase and histimase
d) major basic protein
e) eosinophilic hemotactic

A

meloperoxidase and histaimase

102
Q

Where does hematopoesis occur in the embryo?

A

bone marrow, yolk sac, liver, thymus, spleen and lymph nodes

103
Q

Where does hematopoesis occur after birth?

A

mostly in the bone marrow but also in lymphoid organs

104
Q

What are characteristics of necrotic cells?

A

shrunken nucleus, swollen ER, enlarged cell volume, very acidophilic cytoplasm

105
Q

What is the function of a zona occludens (tight junction)?

A

Prevent diffusion between cells

106
Q

What is the function of intermediate junctions (zona adherens)?

A

anchors filaments to terminal web

107
Q

What is the function of desmosomes (macula adherens)?

A

strong spot attachment between cells

108
Q

What is the function of hemidesmosomes?

A

attaches the cell to the basal lamina

109
Q

What is the function of the gap junction?

A

Allows passage of small molecules directly from one cell to another

110
Q

The replacement of one cell with another is called…?

A

metaplasia

111
Q

The alteration of size, shape and organization of cells is called…?

A

dysplasia

112
Q

The increase in cell numbers is called…?

A

hyperplasia

113
Q

The increase in cell size and organelles is called?

A

hypertrophy

114
Q

The reversal of differentiation of cells is called…?

A

anaplasia

115
Q

Which is correctly paired?

a) smooth muscle - round nucleus
b) adipose cell - flat nucleus
c) osteoblast - cigar shaped nucleus
d) plasma cell - kidney shaped nucleus
e) mast cell - bilobed

A

b) adipose cell - flat nucleus

116
Q

Which is correctly paired?

a) smooth muscle - kidney shaped nucleus
b) adipose cell - round nucleus
c) osteoblast - round euchromatic nucleus
d) plasma cell - cigar shaped nucleus
e) mast cell - bilobed

A

c) osteoblast - round euchromatic nucleus

117
Q

Which is correctly paired?

a) smooth muscle - kidney shaped nucleus
b) adipose cell - round nucleus
c) osteoblast - bilobed
d) plasma cell - cigar shaped nucleus
e) mast cell - small round nucleus

A

e) mast cell - small round nucleus

118
Q

Which is correctly paired?

a) smooth muscle - central nucleus
b) adipose cell - round nucleus
c) osteoblast - bilobed
d) plasma cell - cigar shaped nucleus
e) mast cell - kidney shaped nucleus

A

a) smooth muscle - central nucleus

119
Q

Which is correctly paired?

a) smooth muscle - bilobed
b) adipose cell - central nucleus
c) osteoblast - cigar shaped nucleus
d) plasma cell - round nucleus
e) mast cell - kidney shaped nucleus

A

d) plasma cell - round nucleus

120
Q

Answer True or False. If false, give the correct description:

Eosinophils:

a) are agranulocytes
b) divided into hyalomere and granulomere
c) have nucleus with many lobes
d) contains granules with crystalline cores
e) are primarily active in the blood stream

A

a) are agranulocytes - FALSE. Eosinophils are granulocytes
b) divided into hyalmere and granulomere - FALSE. Platealets are divided into hyalomere and ganulomere
c) have nucleus with many lobes. - FALSE. Eosinophils have only two lobes. Neutrophils have many lobes
d) contains granules with crystalline cores - TRUE
e) are primarily active in the blood stream - False, also active in connective tissue.

121
Q

Which of the following would not be present in a blood smear?

a) reticulocyte
b) plasma cell
c) monocyte
d) polymorphonuclear leukocyte
e) thrombocyte

A

b) plasma cell

122
Q

What in a basophilic erythroblast makes it blue?

A

polyribosomes

123
Q

Which vessel has longitudinally arranged muscle in tunica adventia?

A

Large Vein

124
Q

Which vessel has the tunica adventia as the thickest layer with a loose periphery?

A

Small/median vein

125
Q

Which vessel has a thick layer of elastic fenestrated sheets in tunica media with a little smooth muscle?

A

Elastic artery

126
Q

Which vessel has a prominent internal elastic membrane?

A

muscular artery

127
Q

Which vessel has a thick concentric layer of smooth muscles with elastic sheaths?

A

muscular artery

128
Q

The vena cava is what type of vessel, which is characterized by what?

A

A large vein with longitudinally arranged muscle in tunica adventia

129
Q

The femoral vein is what type of vessel, which is characterized by what?

A

small/median vein with tunica adventia as the thickest layer with a loose periphery

130
Q

The ascending aorta is what type of vessel, which is characterized by what?

A

elastic artery; which has a thick layer of elastic fenestrated sheets in tunica media with a little smooth muscle

131
Q

The femoral artery and brachial artery are what type of vessels, which is characterized by what?

A

Muscular arteries; which have a prominent internal elastic membrane and thick concentric layer of smooth muscles with elastic sheaths

132
Q

Which of the following is an example of a pseudounipolar nerve?

a) parasympathetic ganglion
b) preganglionic sympathetcic
c) lower motor neuron
d) dorsal root ganglion

A

d) dorsal root ganglion

133
Q 
Which of the following is not a multipolar nerve?
.
a) parasympathetic ganglion
b) preganglionic sympathetcic 
c) lower motor neuron
d) dorsal root ganglion
A

d) dorsal root ganglion

Histology & Embriology #1 (2 decks)

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