Practice test questions Flashcards
What substance would we expect to see elevated in a patient with CHF?
ANP
__________ is the most important mechanism for retaining Na+ and water during a severe, acute hemorrhage.
Carotid baroreceptors–> sympathetic stimulation –> rapid, renal afferent vasoconstriction–> decreased GFR , Na and water excretion
Would would the free water cleance be in a person with severe dehydration and a person with SIADH?
Both cases would have a negative free water clearance.
Would would the urine osmolarity be in someone with SIADH?
Urine osmolarity would be elevated
During severe dehydration, would would the urine and plasma osmolarity?
Urine and plasma osmolarity would be high in both situations
Bob is a picky eater and eats a K+ rich diet. What are his blood K+ levels and Where is the majority of the K+ ?
Blood K+ levels are normal and the majority of his K+ would be inside of the cell, because insulin would move it into the cell, then it would be secreted due to the high concentration gradient that is created inside of the cell
What happens to K+ if we have a high plasma osmolality?
High plasma osmolarity–> water will shift from ICF–> ECF–> increase the K+ concentration gradient insider of the cell–> cause K+ to leave out of the cell–> Increase plasma K+
What happens to K+ if we have a low plasma osmolality?
Low plasma osmolality–> water goes into the cell–> decrease in intracellular K+–> drives K+ into the cell–> decrease in plasma K+
What diagnoses where would we see high serum Ca2+ levels?
- Malignancy
- Praimary hyperparathyroidism
What dx would we see low plasma Ca+ levels?
Hypoparathyroidism
Renal disease
Vit D deficiency (calctriol)
What receptpors does calcitriol work on?
VDR
What is a serum marker in elevated AKI?
CREATININE
What cells are found in the biopsy of a Pt with AKI?
M1 monocytes and neutrophils bc Tcells will not be there yet
RTA Type 1 results in
severe acidosis d/t hypokalemia
Where is the majority of the Mg2+ reabsorbed?
TAL: via the NKCC2 R
