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Praxis 5551 (Health) > Practice Test (FULL) > Flashcards

Practice Test (FULL) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is another name for the stages of change model?

A

Transtheoretical Model

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2
Q

What is the correct sequence in the stages of change model of health behavior

A

Precontemplation, Contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance.

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3
Q

In the WHO health surveys which of the following types of data were obtained on the individual rather than household level.

A

Health care system responsiveness

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4
Q

What reliable online database is part of the US Department of Health and Human Services?

A

National Institute of Health (NIH) and US Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC)

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5
Q

What is the most applicable research methods for collecting aggregate information on large population groups?

A

Surveys

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6
Q

What is correct about the databases provided by the American Medical association?

A

Contractors with database licenses provide access to AMA’s databases

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7
Q

What is the School Health Index (SHI)?

A

A tool that the CDC uses to help schools in their health self-assessments and to create health policies and plans

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8
Q

The Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) was developed through collaboration by which organizations?

A

World Health Organization (WHO)
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations Children’s fund (UNICEF)

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9
Q

Which of the following is MOST accurate regarding the components of a coordinated school health program?

A

School health education should be comprehensive

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10
Q

In a coordinated school health program, which of the following is a factor?

A

Healthy physical, emotional, and social school environments support learning.

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11
Q

What are the vertebrae in the human skeleton in descending order? (6)

A

Atlas, Axis, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccyx

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12
Q

When considering how to communicate health education information to diverse audiences, which of these is true?

A

The majority of American adults are lacking in health literacy skills

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13
Q

According to the CDC, what is a valid guideline for writing clear, relevant health education materials appealing to diverse audiences?

A

Use prescriptions rather than postscriptions for giving for giving action instructions

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14
Q

Where can you find information on the connection between school health and academic achievement on school health assessment planning?

A

The CDC web site’s Coordinated School Health Publications and resources page.

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15
Q

What is a characteristic of educator communication with parents that is effective in engaging them strongly in their schools?

A

Parents can identify school expectations of students for homework, attendance, and behavior

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16
Q

What is true about the privacy of records protected under Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act? (FERPA)

A

Student health and immunization records are protected under FERPA

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17
Q

Which of the following is correct regarding how the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) interact with each other?

A

FERPA supersedes the HIPAA Privacy Rule when school health records fit FERPA’s definition of “education records” or “Treatment Records”

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18
Q

In the majority of U.S. states and territories, which of these professions are identified as mandated reporters of child maltreatment?

A

School, health care, child care, mental health, and law enforcement employees

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19
Q

From birth to three years, children typically grow to reach ______ of their previous height; during puberty, they typically attain around ______ of their growth in height.

A

200%
25%

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20
Q

In a professional development (PD) for health educators, which of the following organizations offers a national PD conference for educational support professionals (ESPs)

A

The National Education Association (NES)

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21
Q

Which of the following is the most accurate regarding historical ideas about disease etiology?

A

Robert Koch first discovered evidence of microorganisms.

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22
Q

What diseases is not caused by the Epstein-Barr virus?

A

Infectious Hepatitus

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23
Q

What diseases ARE caused by the Epstein-Barr virus?

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma
Infectious mononucleosis
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

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24
Q

Exercise can prevent what diseases? (3)

A

Stroke
Osteoporosis
Heart Disease

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25
Q

What is accurate regarding modes of HIV transmission?

A

HIV cannot be transmitted genetically.

Nursing, perinatally, and oral sex (yes)

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26
Q

What is the biggest difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

A

Type 1 = insulin insufficiency
Type 2 = insulin insensitivity

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27
Q

Among communicable diseases that most commonly cause death in emergency or disaster conditions, which one does not do so equally in all regions of the world?

A

Malaria

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28
Q

About 80% of all deaths from noncommunicable diseases are caused by four types of diseases. Which of these four types causes the majority of deaths?

A

Cardiovascular

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29
Q

Of the four types of diseases - cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes, respiratory - that cause the majority of deaths, which risk factor is not common to all four types?

A

Unsafe water

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30
Q

According to research by the WHO, the highest future increases in deaths are projected to be in African countries, with what as the leading cause?

A

Noncommunicable diseases

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31
Q

According to current research, what is true related to diabetes prevention?

A

Exercise in cooler temperatures can help glucose control

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32
Q

Among steps health educators can teach students to take after making poor decisions, which statement is MOST representative of one of these steps?

A

Students should tell parents and follow their guidance

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33
Q

Among eight steps that health educators can teach their students to follow in setting health goals, which should they do first?

A

Write down their long term and short term health goals

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34
Q

Among eight steps that health educators can teach their students to follow in setting health goals, which of the last four is MOST related to monitoring progress for accountability?

A

Using journals, diaries, charts, or graphs

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35
Q

How is cardiorespiratory endurance best defined?

A

The ability to perform dynamic exercises using large muscles over large times.

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36
Q

What is true of flexibility or range of motion?

A

Enhancing flexibility is important for realizing a variety of benefits

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37
Q

What does the Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type (FITT) Principle represent in exercise science?

A

How often, hard, long, and kind of exercise

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38
Q

What food is classified into two food groups by the USDA?

A

Legumes (Vegetable + Protein)

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39
Q

We get ________ from _________ in our diet and _____________ from _____________

A

Energy from Carbohydrates
Amino Acids from Protein

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40
Q

For optimal exercising, how should our nutrition be distributed?

A

Greater than one-half from carbohydrates, less than one-fifth from protein, and less than one third from fat

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41
Q

People under stress are more likely to endure ____________ than to ________________.

A

Physical Pain
Quit Smoking, Drinking, or Drugs

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42
Q

Which statement best reflects expert recommendations of techniques for managing stress?

A

Adequate sleep is critical for minimizing and managing stress

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43
Q

Among the life skills of values clarification, decision-making, communication, and coping skills, which of the following responses to stressful life events MOST reflects decision-making skills?

A

Evaluating the pros and cons of the situation

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44
Q

What is the MOST accurate about interventions for decreasing tobacco use to control health risks?

A

Raising Tobacco prices and taxes is proven to work and be cost-effective

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45
Q

According to research studies, what is true about the impact of physical activity (PA) on health risks?

A

PA lowers heart disease, stroke, diabetes, colon and breast cancer risks

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46
Q

Among the following measures to lower health risks by limiting harmful alcohol use, which has research found effective?

A

Fewer stores and time for selling alcohol

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47
Q

Which of the following major muscles controls the chewing function of the jaws?

A

The masseter muscles

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48
Q

What is correct about the hormones that stimulate male and female organs to produce male and female sex hormones?

A

The same hormones stimulate both male and female organs to produce sex hormones.

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49
Q

In which human body system do the white cell blood cells function?

A

Lymphatic

50
Q

Within personal hygiene, what is true about oral cancer?

A

Gum disease can cause serious disorders of the heart valves

51
Q

Which statement is MOST accurate if someone neglects his or her personal hygiene? (Reasons - 3)

A

Depressions, preoccupation, or lack of awareness may be reasons

52
Q

Of the following, which is accurate regarding personal hygiene in adolescence?

A

The majority of teens experience acne regardless of skin care habits.

53
Q

What is a common misconception among teenagers that health educators should correct?

A

Conception will not occur without penetration and ejaculation inside the vagina.

54
Q

Research shows that how many fatal auto crashes involve alcohol intoxication?

A

Nearly one-third

55
Q

What is good advice for preventing sexual assault?

A

Park in open, well-lighted areas and check backseats in advance

56
Q

How many deaths does smoking cigarettes cause annually in America compared to other causes?

A

More than alcohol, drugs, car accidents, HIV, and gunshots combined

57
Q

What is a result of regular and substantial alcohol use?

A

It damages both the cardiovascular and central nervous systems

58
Q

What is true about guidelines for making 911 calls?

A

Situations needing immediate help from police, fire, or ambulances merit 911 calls.

59
Q

According to Bowen Family Systems Theory, when both partners in a couple project their expanding anxieties into their relations, this reflects which basic relationship pattern identified by Bowen?

A

The pattern of marital conflict

60
Q

n the nuclear family emotional system, Dr. Murray Bowen describes his Family Systems Theory, which basic relationship pattern is represented if a parent shows excessive anxiety about a child, and the child responds by regressing to increased dependence and immature demands on the parent?

A

Impairment of a child (children)

61
Q

What are the big five personality traits?

A

Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness

62
Q

In Hobfoll’s Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory of stress processes, which choice accurately represents one of four corollaries to two main principles?

A

Initially losing resources causes future losses

63
Q

What has been found by research into teacher influence on children’s peer relationships as a social context factor?

A

Teachers who believe in and relate positively with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children can modulate peer dislike of them.

64
Q

What has research discovered about the adolescent decision-making process?

A

Real-life practice is necessary for teens to transfer cognitive skills to decisions

65
Q

Decision-making models commonly require adolescents to develop certain skills. Which of these skill do they need to exercise first?

A

Defining which decisions they will have to make

66
Q

What is accurate regarding the nature of decision-making for teenagers?

A

Social contexts change, hence, teens must evaluate and adjust their decisions

67
Q

How do teenagers make decisions? (What influences them)

A

Feedback influences the decisions that adolescents make

68
Q

Among emotional intelligence (EQ) skills, which one is most informed by the others?

A

Being able to resolve conflicts positively and confidently

69
Q

Being able to resolve conflicts positively and confidently

A

EQ affects physical and mental health, school, and work performance, and relationships.

70
Q

Among domains of development throughout life stages, what does Piaget’s theory focus most on?

A

Intellectual Development

71
Q

According to Piaget’s developmental theory, when do children first achieve mental operations?

A

During sensorimotor stage

72
Q

Erikson’s theory of development focuses MOST on a person’s relationship with which other aspect?

A

Society

73
Q

In his developmental theory, what did Erikson identify as the positive outcome of successfully resolving the nuclear conflict of basic trust versus mistrust?

A

Hope

74
Q

According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which ability must be achieved during the period of adolescence?

A

Identity

75
Q

In interpersonal conversations, which main goals entail both the highest cognitive challenge and the highest quality of interaction? (3 goals)

A

Task Goals, Identity Goals, and Relationship Goals

76
Q

What accurately represents findings about how stress interacts with interpersonal communications on health care and other important subjects?

A

Being able to explain a problem affords more control over it.

77
Q

What correctly represents research findings and expert opinions on repressing emotions and thoughts?

A

Research has found that overly repressing communication exacerbates medical conditions

78
Q

For discussing difficult subjects with others, which of these reflects expert advice?

A

“I” statements must be genuine, not automatic

79
Q

What do experts recommend for adult children to bring up the topic of dying with aging parents?

A

It is better to use less personal springboards such as related TV news stories

80
Q

When considering management and resolution, what is true?

A

Healthy relationships normally and integrally include conflicts

81
Q

What do experts identify as the most accurate definition of conflict?

A

A conflict is a situation wherein somebody perceives some threat

82
Q

What is recommended as a healthy way of approaching conflict?

A

Seeing mutual benefits in facing conflict directly.

83
Q

How is assertiveness primarily characterized?

A

Not aggressive and not passive

responding in a balanced way that both respects the needs of others and clearly and appropriately expresses one’s own needs.

84
Q

What is a recommended refusal strategy for children and teens?

A

Proposing alternative activities is coping effectively

85
Q

Listening, reacting, engaging in eye contact, and thoroughly understanding prompts are all useful elements when nurturing a student’s ability to develop what broad skill?

A

Effective interaction

86
Q

Which of the following statements is true related to gender or sexual identity?

A

Physiological gender is opposite to gender identity in some individuals

87
Q

Regarding contraception methods, what is correct?

A

Condoms and spermicide must be used together

Vasectomy’s and tubal litigation are reversible

IUDs and Diaphragms are inserted by doctors

88
Q

In abusive relationships, what is often true?

A

When an abuser apologizes and acts normal, he or she is manipulating the victim and will abuse again

89
Q

Among tactics typically employed by domestic abusers to control their victims, what is destroying the victims property an example of?

A

Intimidation

90
Q

Among signs of domestic abuse, physical violence, isolation, and psychological symptoms of being abused, what is most specifically a sign of domestic abuse?

A

Constantly reporting one’s locations and activities to the partner

91
Q

Which statement is true about factors that influence a person’s mood and mental and emotional health?

A

In addition to promoting physical fitness, exercise improves mood and mental status

92
Q

What has been found regarding risk factors for mental and emotional health?

A

Biological and environmental influences interact in mental and emotional risks

93
Q

What is a sign that an individual may need to get help from a professional for emotional and mental health problems? (3)

A

Persistent insomnia
Pervasive depression
Difficulty concentrating

94
Q

What media strategy used by the local health department targets individuals, policy makers, and the public?

A

A credible source communication strategy

95
Q

Legally, who in the United States is responsible for preventing communicable diseases from being introduced, transmitted, and spread?

A

The U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services

96
Q

What is accurate concerning U.S. Laws governing immunizations?

A

Laws regulating child immunizations for public school vary in each state

97
Q

What are some benefits of recycling?

A

Reducing Waste
Saving Energy
Conserving natural resources
reducing greenhouse gases, and creating jobs

98
Q

What is accurate regarding the history of U.S. regulations addressing pollution?

A

Congress’s policy to prevent and reduce pollution is declared in the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990.

99
Q

In the United States, which source produces the most carbon dioxide emissions?

A

Buildings that use electricity

100
Q

Industry projections are that ___ people worldwide will use health care apps on smartphones by 2015, and ___ of smartphone and tablet users will have downloaded mobile health apps by 2018

A

500 million
one-half

101
Q

Of the following health care professions, which in addition to physician often is able to prescribe medicine?

A

Physician Assistant

102
Q

What do the American Red Cross and Planned Parenthood share in common?

A

Both are national nonprofit agencies with local chapters

103
Q

The National Health Education Standards (NHES) were developed in response to what?

A

Standards being developed in education

104
Q

When comparing federal Healthy People 2000, 2010, and 2020 initiatives, which applies MOST?

A

2000 - aimed to decrease health disparities
2010 - to eliminate them
2020 - to establish health equity

105
Q

For delivering health awareness, education, and advocacy via mass media campaigns, which of these is true about using TV or radio as a medium?

A

Radio reaches more people altogether than TV does

106
Q

Regarding opportunities for health education advocacy, which statement MOST accurately represents some of these venues?

A

Professional meetings and conferences exclude students

107
Q

When health educators develop processes for integrating health education across the curriculum, they function as liaisons between or among who?

A

Teachers
Administrators
Curriculum Coordinators, and students

108
Q

Teaching the idea that saturated fat in the diet contributes to heart disease is MOST developmentally appropriate to which stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

A

Formal Operations

109
Q

Which of Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligence styles would learn best through group instructional activities?

A

Interpersonal

110
Q

Which purpose can pretesting accomplish?

A

Determining where to begin
Evaluating the effectiveness of the instruction
Formative and summative learning assessments

111
Q

To write learning objectives in planning health instruction, which of the following verbs represents a measurable student action?

A

Explain

112
Q

What are the four categories of effective lesson plans in the correct sequence

A

Preparing students for learning
instruction
monitoring for comprehension
independent practice

113
Q

What is true about statutory curriculum policies regarding health and physical education for schools in the United States.

A

All US States vary in requirements of health and physical education.

114
Q

What is a valid claim when comparing Rosenshine and Stevens’ model of direct instruction with the Direct Instruction method of Englemann and colleagues?

A

Both teach explicitly, but only one is generic

115
Q

Among competitive, individualistic, and cooperative learning models, which one uses criterion-referenced assessments rather than norm-referenced assessments.

A

Cooperative and individualistic learning models

116
Q

Among the following instructional techniques, which is equally amendable to individual or multiple student work and also to student work with or without the teacher’s active involvement.

A

Brainstorming

117
Q

In the reflective process of teaching, which tools would MOST help a teacher to self-analyze his or her own body language and movement within the classroom and adjust these to be more effective?

A

Video Recordings

118
Q

Which of the following are used as formative assessments?

A

Curriculum-based measurement

119
Q

What can be used as a formative or summative assessment?

A

Portfolio assessments

120
Q

When should teachers and students primarily apply a rubric?

A

Before, during, and after learning

121
Q

What is recommended for teachers to deal with an individual student who is always misbehaving in class?

A

Speaking with a student in private
Differentiating behavior versus the student

and then disciplining the student during class only when necessary.

Praxis 5551 (Health) (7 decks)

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