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Genetics Lecture > Practice Test (60 items) > Flashcards

Practice Test (60 items) Flashcards

1
Q

The DNA is a long polymer of deoxyribonucleotides covalently linked by 3’ - 5’ _____.

A. Glycosidic Bonds
B. Hydrogen Bonds
C. Phosphodiester Bonds
D. Phosphoester Bonds

A

C. Phosphodiester Bonds

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2
Q

The complementary nucleotide base pairs of the double-stranded DNA are held together by ____.

A. Glycosidic Bonds
B. Hydrogen Bonds
C. Phosphodiester Bonds
D. Phosphoester Bonds

A

B. Hydrogen Bonds

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3
Q

In the DNA, each nucleotide consists of ____. (3)

A. Nitrogenase Base, Deoxyribose Sugar, Phosphate
B. Nitrogenase Base, Ribose Sugar, Phosphate
C. Nitrogenous Base, Deoxyribose Sugar, Phosphate
D. Nitrogenous Base, Ribose Sugar, Phosphate

A

C. Nitrogenous Base, Deoxyribose Sugar, Phosphate

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4
Q

____ proposed the rules regarding the composition of bases in DNA.

A. Erwin Chargaff
B. Frederick Griffith
C. Johann Friedrich Miescher
D. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

A

A. Erwin Chargaff

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5
Q

The two complementary strands run in an ____ manner.

A. Anti-parallel
B. Non-parallel
C. Parallel
D. Unparallel

A

A. Anti-parallel

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6
Q

All bacteria have circular chromosomes.

A. True
B. False

A

B. False

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7
Q

Which is TRUE about plasmids?

A. They are all circular.
B. They are essential to the growth and metabolism of bacteria.
C. They offer advantages to their host cells in specific environments.
D. All answers are correct.

A

C. They offer advantages to their host cells in specific environments.

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8
Q

____ are enzymes that are used to create positive supercoils in thermophiles.

A. DNA Gyrase
B. Reverse Gyrase
C. Topoisomerase II
D. All of the answers are correct.

A

B. Reverse Gyrase

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9
Q

The ____ is a model of DNA replication that produces a strand that is made up of both original and new DNA.

A. Conservative Model
B. Dispersive Model
C. Non-conservative Model
D. Semi-conservative Model

A

D. Semi-Conservative Model

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10
Q

DNA is synthesized in the _____ direction.

A. 3’ to 5’
B. 5’ to 3’
C. A and B

A

B. 5’ to 3’

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11
Q

____ is an enzyme that relieves tension at the replication fork.

A. DNA Polymerase
B. DNA Topoisomerase and Gyrase
C. Helicase
D. Ligase
E. Primase
F. SSB Proteins

A

B. DNA Topoisomerase and Gyrase

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12
Q

____ is involved in the unwinding of the DNA double helix by breaking the H bonds.

A. DNA Polymerase
B. DNA Topoisomerase and Gyrase
C. Helicase
D. Ligase
E. Primase
F. SSB Proteins

A

C. Helicase

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13
Q

____ is responsible for keeping the DNA strands separate and avoiding rewinding during replication.

A. DNA Polymerase
B. DNA Topoisomerase and Gyrase
C. Helicase
D. Ligase
E. Primase
F. SSB Proteins

A

F. SSB Proteins

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14
Q

____ is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of new strands during DNA replication.

A. DNA Polymerase
B. DNA Topoisomerase and Gyrase
C. Helicase
D. Ligase
E. Primase
F. SSB Proteins

A

A. DNA Polymerase

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15
Q

____ is an enzyme that joins the adjacent Okazaki fragments together.

A. DNA Polymerase
B. DNA Topoisomerase and Gyrase
C. Helicase
D. Ligase
E. Primase
F. SSB Proteins

A

D. Ligase

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16
Q

____ is a form of DNA that has been observed in conditions of reduced water content.

A. A-DNA
B. B-DNA
C. H-DNA
D. Z-DNA

A

A. A-DNA

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17
Q

____ is a left-handed form of DNA and has been mostly found in (CG)n sequences.

A. A-DNA
B. B-DNA
C. H-DNA
D. Z-DNA

A

D. Z-DNA

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18
Q

What does the H in H-DNA stand for?

A. Height
B. Helical
C. Holiday
D. Hoogsteen
E. Hydrogen

A

D. Hoogsteen

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19
Q

What enzyme has exonuclease activities in the 5’ to 3’ direction?

A. DNA Polymerase (Beta)
B. DNA Polymerase (Epsilon)
C. DNA Polymerase (Gamma)
D. DNA Polymerase I
E. DNA Polymerase III

A

D. DNA Polymerase I

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20
Q

What enzyme does NOT have exonuclease activities in the 5’ to 3’ direction?

A. DNA Polymerase (Beta)
B. DNA Polymerase (Epsilon)
C. DNA Polymerase (Gamma)
D. DNA Polymerase I
E. DNA Polymerase III

A

A. DNA Polymerase (Beta)

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21
Q

____ is a repair system that fixes damage arising from bulky lesions such as thymine dimers.

A. Base Excision Repair
B. Mismatch Repair
C. Nucleotide Excision Repair
D. Short-Patch Excision Repair

A

D. Short-Patch Excision Repair

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22
Q

Deamination of cytosine that causes error in the base pairing can be fixed by ____.

A. Base Excision Repair
B. Mismatch Repair
C. Nucleotide Excision Repair
D. Short-Patch Excision Repair

A

A. Base Excision Repair

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23
Q

____ is an excision repair needed to fix damage caused by pyrimidine dimers.

A. Base Excision Repair
B. Mismatch Repair
C. Nucleotide Excision Repair
D. Short-Patch Excision Repair

A

C. Nucleotide Excision Repair

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24
Q

The following statements are reasons why DNA is preferred as the genetic material, EXCEPT:

A. Information is better protected.
B. It can form double strands that allow double-checking.
C. It has deoxyribose sugar.
D. More easily repaired.
F. More stable.

A

C. It has deoxyribose sugar.

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25
Q

____ strands are transcribed into mRNA.

A. Antisense
B. Nonsense
C. Sense
D. A and B
E. A and C

A

A. Antisense

26
Q

Initiation of DNA replication involves the following enzymes, EXCEPT:

A. DNA Polymerase
B. DNA Topoisomerase
C. Helicase
D. Primase

A

A. DNA Polymerase

27
Q

Elongation and termination of DNA replication involves the following enzymes, EXCEPT:

A. DNA Polymerase
B. DNA Topoisomerase
C. Ligase
D. Nuclease

A

B. DNA Topoisomerase

28
Q

____ is a type of RNA polymerase that catalyzes the synthesis of rRNA molecules.

A. I
B. II
C. III
D. A and B
E. A and C

29
Q

Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are synthesized by RNA polymerase ____.

A. I
B. II
C. III
D. A and B
E. A and C

30
Q

Production of mature mRNA involves the removal of ____.

A. 5’ Cap
B. Exons
C. Introns
D. Poly-A Tail

A

C. Introns

31
Q

Modifications of pre-mRNA such as the addition of nucleotides on each terminal are necessary ___.

A. To initiate reading of codons.
B. To initiate translation.
C. To protect the mRNA from being degraded by enzymes.
D. To protect the mRNA from being misaligned with the ribosome.

A

C. To protect the mRNA from being degraded by enzymes.

32
Q

The t in tRNA stands for?

A. Tether
B. Tip
C. Transcribe
D. Transfer
E. Translate

A

D. Transfer

33
Q

___ is an RNA that has 3 loops in which the middle loop carries an anticodon at its tip.

A. mRNA
B. rRNA
C. snRNA
D. tRNA

34
Q

____ is the site occupied by the incoming tRNA during translation elongation.

A. A-Site
B. E-Site
C. P-Site
D. T-Site

35
Q

What nucleobase is NOT found in the START or STOP codon?

A. A
B. G
C. T
D. U

36
Q

Which of the following is not a biological process?

A. RNA Replication
B. Direct Translation from DNA to Protein
C. Reverse Transcription
D. Reverse Translation

A

D. Reverse Translation

37
Q

All of the following processes are special modes of information transfer, EXCEPT:

A. DNA -> Protein
B. RNA -> DNA
C. RNA -> RNA
D. RNA -> Protein

A

D. RNA -> Protein

38
Q

____ refers to a cluster of genes with related functions.

A. Operator
B. Operon
C. Promoter
D. Regulatory Genes

39
Q

____ is a specific sequence in DNA wherein RNA polymerase binds and transcription begins.

A. Operator
B. Operon
C. Promoter
D. Regulatory Genes

A

C. Promoter

40
Q

___ obstructs the RNA polymerase from transcribing the genes.

A. Inducer
B. Inhibitor
C. Operator
D. Repressor
E. Regulatory Genes

A

D. Repressor

41
Q

____ is a gene whose presence prevents the expression of some other gene at a different locus.

A. Inducer
B. Inhibitor
C. Operator
D. Repressor
E. Regulatory Genes

A

B. Inhibitor

42
Q

If the template strand of a gene contains the sequence 3’-TACAGTAGT’5’, the resulting mRNA sequence should be ____.

A. 3’-ATGTCATCA-5’
B. 3’-AUGUCAUCA-5’
C. 5’-ATGTCATCA-3’
D. 5’-AUGUCAUCA-3’

A

D. 5’-AUGUCAUCA-3’

43
Q

Describe the effect of the presence of lactose on the lac operon.

A. RNA polymerase will be blocked.
B. Repressor will be inactivated.
C. Repressor will bind to the operator.
D. Structural genes will not be expressed.

A

B. Repressor will be inactivated.

44
Q

Which of the following is a regulatory gene?

A. lacA
B. lacI
C. lacY
D. lacZ

45
Q

___ is a post-translation modification that does not involve the addition of chemical groups.

A. Glycolysation
B. Lipidation
C. Proteolytic Cleavage
D. S-Nitrosylation
E. Ubiquitination

A

B. Lipidation

46
Q

____ is a post-translational modification that plays a role in cell-cell adhesion.

A. Glycolysation
B. Lipidation
C. Proteolytic Cleavage
D. S-Nitrosylation
E. Ubiquitination

A

A. Glycosylation

47
Q

____ is a post-translational modification that is described as the “kiss of death.”

A. Glycolysation
B. Lipidation
C. Proteolytic Cleavage
D. S-Nitrosylation
E. Ubiquitination

A

E. Ubiquitination

48
Q

____ is an epigenetic disease characterized by a decrease in DNA methyltransferase activity.

A. Cancer
B. Imprinting
C. Lupus Erythematosus
D. Rett Syndrome
E. Schizophrenia

A

C. Lupus Erythematosus

49
Q

___ is an epigenetic disease that is a consequence of D4Z4 region hypomethylation.

A. ATR-X Syndrome
B. Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
C. Prader-Will Syndrome
D. Rett Syndrome
E. None of the above

A

B. Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy

50
Q

___ is also known as Warkany syndrome.

A. Trisomy 13
B. Trisomy 18
C. Trisomy 21
D. Trisomy 8 Mosaicism Syndrome
E. Trisomy X

A

D. Trisomy 8 Mosaicism Syndrome

51
Q

____ is a type of Trisomy 18 which consists approximately 95% of the cases.

A. Full Trisomy 18
B. Partial Trisomy 18
C. Mosaic Trisomy 18
D. A and B
E. A and C

A

A. Full Trisomy 18

52
Q

____ is a type of mutation in which the base substitution that changes the code results in a formation of a STOP codon instead of an amino acid.

A. Frameshift Mutation
B. Missense Mutation
C. Nonsense Mutation
D. Silent Mutation

A

C. Nonsense Mutation

53
Q

Which of the following base substitution is NOT an example of transversion?

A. A to C
B. A to T
C. T to C
D. T to G

54
Q

Which of the following base substitution is an example of transition?

A. C to A
B. C to G
C. G to A
D. G to T

55
Q

Mutation on anti-oncogene p53 (that may result in cancer) is an example of ____.

A. GOF Mutation
B. LOF Mutation
C. Biochemical Mutation
D. Lethal Mutation
E. Neutral Mutation
F. Regulatory Mutation

A

B. LOF Mutation

56
Q

Inborn errors of metabolism are an example of ____.

A. GOF Mutation
B. LOF Mutation
C. Biochemical Mutation
D. Lethal Mutation
E. Neutral Mutation
F. Regulatory Mutation

A

C. Biochemical Mutation

57
Q

The karyotype 47, XXY is known as ____.

A. Down Syndrome
B. Jacob Syndrome
C. Klinefelter Syndrome
D. Turner Syndrome

A

C. Klinefelter Syndrome

58
Q

____ is a result when only one normal X chromosome is present and the other sex chromosome is missing or structurally altered.

A. Down Syndrome
B. Jacob Syndrome
C. Klinefelter Syndrome
D. Turner Syndrome

A

D. Turner Syndrome

59
Q

____ is an example of a Peroxisomal disorder.

A. Gaucher’s Disease
B. Menkes Syndrome
C. Niemann-Pick Disease
D. Phenylketonuria
E. Tay-Sachs
F. Zellweger Syndrome

A

F. Zellweger Syndrome

60
Q

____ is a disorder of metal metabolism.

A. Gaucher’s Disease
B. Menkes Syndrome
C. Niemann-Pick Disease
D. Phenylketonuria
E. Tay-Sachs
F. Zellweger Syndrome

A

B. Menkes Syndrome

Genetics Lecture (7 decks)

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