Practice test 2: Psych/Soc cards

Question 1

What is an embedded study?

Answer 1

researcher assumes role of community members

Question 2

What is a prospective cohort?

Answer 2

participants are enrolled in study prior to seeing outcome

Question 3

What is a prospective chart review?

Answer 3

evaluation of patient data that is pending IRB review

Question 4

What is a mediator variable?

Answer 4

explains the process through which two variables are related

Question 5

What is a moderating variable?

Answer 5

affects the strength and direction of the A-B relationship

Question 6

What is a confounding variable?

Answer 6

extra variable that wasn’t accounted for

Question 7

Do opoid withdraws produce symptoms that are similar or opposite to the symptoms that were observed while pt was on opoids?

Answer 7

Withdraws produce opposite symptoms to those seen when on opoids

Question 8

Basis of drive reduction theory?

Answer 8

Taking action to eliminate a negative pressure. (aka eating food to eliminate negative hungry feeling)

Question 9

What is the gestalt principle of similarity?

Answer 9

similar elements are visually grouped

Question 10

What is the gestalt principle of continuation?

Answer 10

the human eye will follow the smoothest path when viewing lines

Question 11

What is the gestalt principle of Proximity?

Answer 11

we tend to perceive elements as a group when they are close to each other.

Question 12

What is the gestalt principle of closure?

Answer 12

Given the chance our mind will opt for simplicity and see implied shapes over collections of dots

Question 13

What is the gestalt principle of connectedness?

Answer 13

we tend to group elements when they are connected to each other.

Question 14

What is reconstructive bias?

Answer 14

poor recollection (relevant in retrospective studies)

Question 15

What is social desirability bias?

Answer 15

subjects report behavior in accordance with social norms

Question 16

What is test-retest bias?

Answer 16

applying same test multiple times and seeing an increase in preformance

Question 17

What is researcher bias?

Answer 17

Bias due to bad experimental design

Question 18

What is projection bias?

Answer 18

researchers projecting their own beliefs onto subjects

Question 19

What is attrition bias?

Answer 19

Subjects dropping out

Question 20

What is deindividuation?

Answer 20

ppl in groups act differently then they would individually

Question 21

What is social loafing?

Answer 21

Putting in less effort towards a goal while in a group compared to alone

Question 22

What is group polarization?

Answer 22

Group makes more extreme decisions together then they would individually

Question 23

What is the bystander effect?

Answer 23

ppl are less likely to help in a crowd then they would while alone

Question 24

What is the schacter-singer theory of emotion?

Answer 24

emotions are the result of both physiological and cognitive processes

Question 25

What is the fixed interval reinforcement schedule?

Answer 25

when reinforcement is given to a desired response after specific (predictable) amount of time

Question 26

What is the fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?

Answer 26

Reinforces behavior after certain amount of correct responses

Question 27

What is the variable interval reinforcement schedule?

Answer 27

Reinforces behavior after a random amount of time

Question 28

What is the variable ratio reinforcement schedule?

Answer 28

Reinforces behavior after a random number of correct answers

Question 29

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 29

having inconsistent thoughts/beliefs from your actions (aka knowing smoking is bad but doing it anyways)

Question 30

What is attribution theory?

Answer 30

one attempting to understand the behavior of others by attributing feelings, beliefs and intentions to them

Question 31

What is the stroop effect?

Answer 31

the delay in reaction time between congruent and incongruent stimuli.

Question 32

What is construct validity?

Answer 32

The degree to which a test measures what it claims to be measuring

Question 33

What is symbolic interactionism?

Answer 33

Seeing a word and thinking of the interactions you've had with that word instead of the letters comprising the word

Question 34

Contrast stigmas vs. prejudice vs. discrimination

Answer 34

Stigmas: CHARACTERISTICS that may develop a socially negative attitude towards the individual Prejudice: is a negative ATTITUDE that one has based in opinion Discrimination: TREATING a person differently from other persons

Question 35

What is a normative influence?

Answer 35

Others influencing our behavior which leads us to changing in order to be accepted

Question 36

What is compliance?

Answer 36

The act of yielding to a wish or demand

Question 37

What is ingratiation?

Answer 37

bringing oneself into favor with someone via flattery

Question 38

What is opponent process theory?

Answer 38

the way humans perceive color is controlled by three opposing systems

Question 39

What is expectancy value theory?

Answer 39

achievement-related choices are motivated by a combination of people's expectations and the value of the task

Question 40

What is an approach approach conflict?

Answer 40

Deciding between 2 positives

Question 41

What is an approach-avoid conflict?

Answer 41

Deciding between a negative and a positive

Question 42

What is a double approach avoid conflict?

Answer 42

Deciding between two choices each with good and bad sides