Practice test 2 flashcards

Question 1

What happens when you put a cell inside an ocean water?

Answer 1

Ocean water is heavily concentrated with salt (hypertonic) so cell would shrink and loose water to the ocean.

Question 2

What happens when you put a cell inside distilled water?

Answer 2

Distilled water is not concentrated at all (hypotonic) so cell would grow and gain water to dilute its inner contents

Question 3

What is the formula for the sulfate ion?

Answer 3

SO42-

Question 4

During distillation, what is the purpose of introducing boiling chips and providing nucleation sites?

Answer 4

These two techniques help prevent super heating (aka heating a soln. past its boiling point)

Question 5

What is the purpose of distillation?

Answer 5

Separating compounds by their boiling points, the one with the least H bonds will be boiled off first

Question 6

Know how to calculate gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy

Answer 6

https://jackwestin.com/khan-academy-mcat/rollercoasters-are-energy-at-work

Question 7

What is the electron configuration of the elements on the periodic table determined by?

Answer 7

It is determined by their nearest noble gas

Question 8

• Know the eqn of torque: τ = rFsin(Ɵ) and how to apply it

Answer 8

: if they say a force is applied perpendicular to….(put in 90 degrees for the angle) likewise if they say a parallel force is applied to…(put in 180 degrees for the angle)

Question 9

• Know how to apply formula for average velocity V = d/t

Answer 9

lookup practice probs

Question 10

What are the charges of:

Thiol
Ester
Carbonyl
Carboxyl

Answer 10

Thiol ( - )
Ester ( + )
Carbonyl ( -/+ )
Carboxyl ( - )

Question 11

Molar units?

Answer 11

mol / L

Convert grams to mols by using the molar mass of the molecule

Question 12

What are the units for:

picograms
micrograms
milligrams

Answer 12

pico: 10^-12g
micro: 10^-6g
milli: 10^-3g

Question 13

Recite newton’s 3 laws of gravity,

Answer 13

1. Object will not move until outside force acts on it
2. Force = mass * acceleration
3. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 14

Why would N2 make a good artificial atmosphere when working with reagents that might react with oxygen?

Answer 14

N2 is a very inert gas that makes up 80% of the air we breathe

Question 15

What are the bond angles associated with

sp hybridization
sp2 hybridization
sp3 hybridization

Answer 15

SP: 180 degrees
SP2: 120 degrees
SP3: 109 degrees

Question 16

To refresh on organic chem reagents what do the 4 below do?

1. H2 w/ Pd
2. KMnO4
3. O3
4. LiAlH4

Answer 16

1. very strong reduction agent - converts alkynes all the way down to alkanes
2. strong oxidation agent, makes acids
3. Ozonolysis; aka oxidation using O3 to cleave double bonds
4. Strong reduction agent: makes alcohols

Question 17

What are the IR spectroscopy peaks for:

Alcohol
Carboxylic bonds
O=C=O bonds

Answer 17

1. 3700-3584
2. 3300-2500
3. 2349

Question 18

Review orbital hybridization

Answer 18

find practice problems

Question 19

When discussing the ETC, are electrons passed from species with less reduction potential to more reduction potential or vice versa?

Answer 19

From less reduction potential (aka NADH) to more red potential (aka O2)

Question 20

What pathway (ascending or descending) takes motor signals from the brain to the lower motor neurons? Is it afferent or efferent?

Answer 20

Descending & efferent

Question 21

What pathway (ascending or descending) transport sensory information from the body to the brain? Is it afferent or efferent?

Answer 21

Ascending & afferent

Question 22

Why is it crucial to establish a baseline in research studies?

Answer 22

So that you have a neutral line of data to compare results against

Question 23

True or false: RBC’s possess a membrane bound nucleus?

Answer 23

False: RBC’s DO NOT have a nucleus

Question 24

What is the purpose of sympathetic nerves?

Answer 24

They innervate the body’s “fight or flight” fxns

Question 25

What is the purpose of parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 25

To control the body’s “rest and digest” fxns

Question 26

What is the effect of aldosterone?

Answer 26

Regulates BP via controlling levels of Na retainment and K output in your body. Na retainment, which retains water, causes BP to rise. K output via urination, will drop water pressure along with BP

Question 27

What is the effect of ADH?

Answer 27

Regulates fluid balance, by lowering amount of urine made and increases kidney retention of water

Question 28

What are the differences between ADH and aldosterone?

Answer 28

aldosterone is a hormone that regulates BP levels in the body

ADH regulates body fluid via signaling for more urine to be made and signaling for kidney retention

Question 29

What is the main difference between meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 29

Meiosis is not cyclical and does not maintain genetic integrity (due to recombination). Also results in haploids.

Mitosis is cyclical and DOES maintain genetic integrity all throughout. Also results in diploids

Question 30

Difference between single and double crossover events.

Answer 30

Single crossover events result in genetically different chromosomes

Double crossover events result in chromosomes IDENTICAL to pre-crossover chromosomes.

Question 31

What is the fxn of acylcarnatine translocase?

Answer 31

Essential for FA catabolism to happen. Attaches an acyl group to carnitine allowing it to be transported in/out of mito matrix

Question 32

What does less alveoli mean for the lungs?

Answer 32

Less surface area

Question 33

What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?

Answer 33

Homologous: come from evolutionary similarities (aka a bat and a bird’s wing)

Analogous: developmental similarities that have NO evolutionary ties (aka an insect’s wing and an eagle’s wing)