Practice Quizzes from lecture PARK Flashcards
Which of the following mode of cell-cell communications has the shortest signal duration?
Neuronal signaling
What is unique about the structure of testosterone?
Non aromatic ring
Carbonyl on carbon 3 and hydroxyl on carbon 17
What is the incorrect pair of a drug and its property?
Finasteride: 5alpha-reductase inhibitor
Testosterone cypionate: androgen for intramuscular injection
Methyltestosterone: orally active androgen
Spironolactone: anabolic steroid
Flutamide: non-steroidal antiandrogen
Spironolactone: anabolic steroid
Reason: Spironolactone is not an anabolic steroid as it is a steroidal androgen receptor inhibitor.
Which of the following is not an indication for antiandrogens?
Prostatic carcinoma
Benign prostate hyperplasia
Endometriosis
Excessive sexual drive in men
Endometriosis: where menstrual tissue grows outside the uterus
Which of the following enzymes converts testosterone to a more potent androgen in the target tissues?
5alpha-reductase
Aromatase converts testosterone to 17beta-estradiol in some tissues.
Which enzyme catalyzes the following step in the synthesis of steroid hormones?
Molecule on left: pregnenolone
arrow
Molecule on right: pregnenolone intermediate with 17alpha-hydroxyl group
17alpha-hydroxylase
The inhibition of the first step of the steroid synthesis by a drug will decrease the levels of all steroid hormones. Which of the following enzymes catalyzes this step?
P450scc
Remember the CYP450 enzymes class
+
scc = site chain cleaving
Which of the following is not an adverse effect of androgens in women?
Hirsutism: growth of hair in male-like pattern such as face, chest and back
Acne
Amenorrhea: absence/interfering of menstruation
Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia
Reason: Gynecomastia is an adverse effect that happens in men. Female adverse effects are hirsutism, acne, amenorrhea, clitoral enlargement and deepening of the voice.
Select the structure of cortisol
Non aromatic
Carbon 3 has a carbonyl group
Carbon 17 has an alpha hydroxyl group
Carbon 17 has a branched ethyl with a carbonyl on carbon 20 and hydroxyl group on carbon 21.
Which of the following is not a physiologic effect of testosterone?
Increase in HDL levels
Growth of beard hair
Deepening of the voice
Increase in lean body mass
Stimulation of erythrocyte production
Increase in HDL levels
Reason: it causes a decrease in HDL levels.
The structure of ethinyl estradiol is shown below. What is the effect of the 17alpha-ethinyl group on the property of this drug?
Decrease in oral bioavailability
Prevention of the conversion to estrone
Gaining of antiestrogenic activity
Gaining of SERM activity
Prevention of the conversion to estrone
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the menstrual cycle?
If pregnancy does not occur, production of estrogen and progesterone by corpus luteum declines
In the early follicular phase, estrogen suppresses the production of FSH
In the late follicular phase, estrogen stimulates the surge of LH and FSH
In the luteal phase, both estrogen and progesterone stimulate the production of LH and FSH
In the luteal phase, both estrogen and progesterone stimulate the production of LH and FSH
Reason: This is false since estrogen and progesterone suppresses the production of LH and FSH in the luteal phase.
Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect of estrogens?
Development of endometrial lining during menstrual cycles
Stromal development and ductal growth in breast
Increase in rate of resorption of bone
Enhancement of the coagulability of blood
Increase in rate of resorption of bone
Which of the following estrogens can be used for depot injection due to its slow absorption?
Ethynyl estradiol
Mestranol
Quinestrol
Estradiol valerate
Estradiol valerate
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of estrogens?
Breast cancer
Uterine bleeding
Hot flashes
Endometrial carcinoma
Hot flashes
——– is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to treat breast cancer
Ethynyl estradiol
Tamoxifen
Clomiphene
Diethyl stilbestrol
Tamoxifen
Which of the following is a conjugated estrogen existing in the mixture of estrogens in Premarin?
Estradiol cypionate
Ethynyl estradiol
Equilin sulfate
Metranol
Equilin sulfate
Which of the following SERMs is used to stimulate ovulation?
Tamoxifen
Raloxifene
Clomiphene
Toremifene
Clomiphene
Which of the following is NOT an aromatase inhibitor?
Exemestane
Anastrazole
Letrozole
Fulvestrant
Fulvestrant
Which of the following is an antiestrogen action of raloxifene?
Decrease LDL levels in blood
Prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
Decrease in the risk for breast cancer
Increase in the risk for blood clots
Decrease in the risk for breast cancer
Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of androgen-like progestings?
Acne
Hirsutism
Weight gain
Venous thromboembolic disease
Venous thromboembolic disease
Which is INCORRECT about the physiologic effects of progesterone?
Decreases basal insulin levels and the insulin response to glucose
Promotes glycogen storage in the liver
Causes a decrease in Na+ reabsorption
Causes the maturation of the endometrium following ovulation
Decreases basal insulin levels and the insulin response to glucose
Reason: causes an increase
What is the benefit of the use of progestins in combination with estrogens?
Prevents uterine bleeding and endometrial carcinoma
Prevents acne
Prevents breast cancer
Increases the efficacy of estrogens
Prevents uterine bleeding and endometrial carcinoma
What of the following statements is INCORRECT about this drug? (Norethindrone)
It is a prodrug
It is used for depot injection
It is a progestin
It is a 19-nor, 17-ethynyl steroid
It is used for depot injection
What is the active component of Plan B?
ulipristal acetate
ethinyl estradiol
levonorgestrel
mifepristone
levonorgestrel
Which of the following is CORRECT about the physiological effects of glucocorticoids?
Suppress lipolysis in adipose tissues
Increase protein synthesis in muscle
Promote the synthesis of cytokines
Inhibit the production of eicosanoids
Inhibit the production of eicosanoids
Which of the following is NOT an symptom of Cushing’s disease?
Easy bruising
Extreme weakness
Osteoporosis
Opportunistic infections
Extreme weakness
A patient has abnormally high levels of ACTH due to pituitary carcinoma. What would be the corresponding effect on the patients corticosteroid levels?
Increase in cortisol and increase in aldosterone.
Decrease in cortisol and increase in aldosterone.
Increase in cortisol and no change in aldosterone.
Decrease in cortisol and no change in aldosterone.
Increase in cortisol and no change in aldosterone.
Cessation of long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy can lead to
Cushing’s symptoms
Tumors in the adrenal cortex
Addisonian symptoms
Ectopic production of ACTH
Addisonian symptoms
Which of the following glucocorticoids is a long-acting glucocorticoid?
Prednisone
Dexamethasone
Cortisol
Methylprednisolone
Dexamethasone
Which of the following corticosteroids is used in the mineralocorticoid replacement therapy?
Fludrocortisone
Triamcinolone acetonide
Prednisone
Betamethasone
Fludrocortisone
Which of the following corticosteroids is used in the mineralocorticoid replacement therapy?
Fludrocortisone
Triamcinolone acetonide
Prednisone
Betamethasone
Fludrocortisone
Dexamethasone, whose structure is shown below, has much greater glucocorticoid receptor to mineralocorticoid receptor selectivity than hydrocortisone. What are the structural features responsible for this enhanced SELECTIVITY?
Ketone on carbon 3 and double bond at 1-2 carbons.
Ketone on carbon 3 and fluorine group at carbon 9.
Double bond at 1-2 carbons and fluorine group at carbon 9.
Double bond at 1-2 carbons and alpha methyl group at carbon 16.
Double bond at 1-2 carbons and alpha methyl group at carbon 16.
Which of the following glucocorticoids is NOT used as an inhaled glucocorticoid?
Flunisolide
Triamcinolone acetonide
Fluticasone propionate
Prednisone
Prednisone (co
What is the best description of this glucocorticoid? (Hint: it has the 21-chloro group)
Systemic glucocorticoid
Inhaled glucocorticoid
Topical glucocorticoid
Glucocorticoid for intra-articular injection
Topical glucocorticoid
Which if the following is NOT an adverse effect of glucocorticoids?
Steroid myopathy
Hypoglycemia
Cataract
Moon face
Hypoglycemia
Which of the following is a hypothalamic hormone?
ACTH
FSH
somatostatin
growth hormone
somatostatin
Which of the following statements in INCORRECT about hCG?
Its activity is nearly identical to that of LH
It is extracted and purified from the urine of pregnant women
It is a pituitary hormone
It is produced during pregnancy
It is a pituitary hormone
Which of the following is a clinical use of non-pulsatile continuous administration of GnRH?
Induction of ovulation
Stimulation of gonadotropin release
Suppression of LH surge
Stimulation of androgen synthesis
Suppression of LH surge
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of growth hormone deficiency?
Short stature
Hypoglycemia
Acromegaly
Adiposity in childhood
Acromegaly
Which of the following is an GnRH receptor antagonist?
nafarelin
degarelix
leuprolide
desmopressin
degarelix
Which of the following is a mixture of FSH and LH?
hCG
lutropin a
urofollitropin
menotropin
menotropin
Hyperprolactinemia can be treated with
antiandrogens
GnRH antagonists
SERMs
dopamine agonists
dopamine agonists
Which of the following hormone can be used for labor induction?
oxytocin
hCG
prolactin
GnRH
oxytocin
Which of the following is posterior pituitary hormone?
TSH
vasopressin
LH
prolactin
vasopressin
Which of the following is INCORRECT about desmopressin?
It has a longer half-life than vasopressin.
It has much higher vasopressor-to-antidiuretic activity than that of vasopressin.
It can be used to treat pituitary diabetes insipidus.
It is a synthetic analog of vasopressin.
It has much higher vasopressor-to-antidiuretic activity than that of vasopressin.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT on the action of the eicosanoids?
PGE2 dilates blood vessels.
PGI2 inhibits platelet aggregation.
TXA2 promotes platelet aggregation.
PGF2a dilates Bronchi.
PGF2a dilates Bronchi.
Aspirin use before surgery or tooth extraction is contraindicated because aspirin increases the risk of bleeding by inhibition of _________ synthesis in __________
PGI2; platelets
PGI2; vascular endothelial
TXA2; platelets
TXA2; vascular endothelial
TXA2; platelets
Which of the following drugs can be used together with NSAIDs to prevent gastric ulcers?
Prostacyclin
Misoprostol
Alprostadil
Latanoprost
Misoprostol
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about NSAIDs?
NSAIDs reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins.
NSAIDs reduce the synthesis of leukotrienes.
Most NSAIDs inhibit both COX1 and COX2.
NSAIDs reduce pain, fever, and inflammation.
NSAIDs reduce the synthesis of leukotrienes.
Which of the following NSAIDs is suitable for a long-term use to treat chronic inflammation due to less GI side effects?
Ketorolac
Indomethacin
Sulindac
Aspirin
Sulindac
Which of the following NSAIDs belongs to the class of arylacetic acids? (Shows four images of the following molecules)
Meloxicam
Naproxen
Indomethacin
Diflunisal
Indomethacin
Select the most potent NSAID out of the following drugs
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Indomethacin
Aspirin
Indomethacin
Select the NSAID that is suitable only for a short-term management of moderate to severe pain.
Naproxen
Ketorolac
Sulindac
Diclofenac
Ketorolac
Which of the following NSAIDs is a selective COX2 inhibitor?
Indomethacin
Celecoxib
Aspirin
Ketorolac
Celecoxib
Which of the following statements is CORRECT about acetaminophen?
It suppresses blood coagulation.
It is associated with Reye’s disease.
Overdosing may cause a liver damage.
It is a NSAID.
Overdosing may cause a liver damage.
