Practice Quizzes from lecture PARK Flashcards by Aidan Lynch

Which of the following mode of cell-cell communications has the shortest signal duration?

Neuronal signaling

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What is unique about the structure of testosterone?

Non aromatic ring

Carbonyl on carbon 3 and hydroxyl on carbon 17

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What is the incorrect pair of a drug and its property?

Finasteride: 5alpha-reductase inhibitor

Testosterone cypionate: androgen for intramuscular injection

Methyltestosterone: orally active androgen

Spironolactone: anabolic steroid

Flutamide: non-steroidal antiandrogen

Spironolactone: anabolic steroid

Reason: Spironolactone is not an anabolic steroid as it is a steroidal androgen receptor inhibitor.

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Which of the following is not an indication for antiandrogens?

Prostatic carcinoma

Benign prostate hyperplasia

Endometriosis

Excessive sexual drive in men

Endometriosis: where menstrual tissue grows outside the uterus

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Which of the following enzymes converts testosterone to a more potent androgen in the target tissues?

5alpha-reductase

Aromatase converts testosterone to 17beta-estradiol in some tissues.

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Which enzyme catalyzes the following step in the synthesis of steroid hormones?

Molecule on left: pregnenolone

arrow

Molecule on right: pregnenolone intermediate with 17alpha-hydroxyl group

17alpha-hydroxylase

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The inhibition of the first step of the steroid synthesis by a drug will decrease the levels of all steroid hormones. Which of the following enzymes catalyzes this step?

P450scc

Remember the CYP450 enzymes class

scc = site chain cleaving

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Which of the following is not an adverse effect of androgens in women?

Hirsutism: growth of hair in male-like pattern such as face, chest and back

Acne

Amenorrhea: absence/interfering of menstruation

Gynecomastia

Reason: Gynecomastia is an adverse effect that happens in men. Female adverse effects are hirsutism, acne, amenorrhea, clitoral enlargement and deepening of the voice.

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Select the structure of cortisol

Non aromatic

Carbon 3 has a carbonyl group

Carbon 17 has an alpha hydroxyl group

Carbon 17 has a branched ethyl with a carbonyl on carbon 20 and hydroxyl group on carbon 21.

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Which of the following is not a physiologic effect of testosterone?

Increase in HDL levels

Growth of beard hair

Deepening of the voice

Increase in lean body mass

Stimulation of erythrocyte production

Increase in HDL levels

Reason: it causes a decrease in HDL levels.

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The structure of ethinyl estradiol is shown below. What is the effect of the 17alpha-ethinyl group on the property of this drug?

Decrease in oral bioavailability

Prevention of the conversion to estrone

Gaining of antiestrogenic activity

Gaining of SERM activity

Prevention of the conversion to estrone

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Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the menstrual cycle?

If pregnancy does not occur, production of estrogen and progesterone by corpus luteum declines

In the early follicular phase, estrogen suppresses the production of FSH

In the late follicular phase, estrogen stimulates the surge of LH and FSH

In the luteal phase, both estrogen and progesterone stimulate the production of LH and FSH

Reason: This is false since estrogen and progesterone suppresses the production of LH and FSH in the luteal phase.

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Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect of estrogens?

Development of endometrial lining during menstrual cycles

Stromal development and ductal growth in breast

Increase in rate of resorption of bone

Enhancement of the coagulability of blood

Increase in rate of resorption of bone

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Which of the following estrogens can be used for depot injection due to its slow absorption?

Ethynyl estradiol

Mestranol

Quinestrol

Estradiol valerate

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Which of the following is NOT a side effect of estrogens?

Breast cancer

Uterine bleeding

Hot flashes

Endometrial carcinoma

Hot flashes

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——– is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to treat breast cancer

Ethynyl estradiol

Tamoxifen

Clomiphene

Diethyl stilbestrol

Tamoxifen

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Which of the following is a conjugated estrogen existing in the mixture of estrogens in Premarin?

Estradiol cypionate

Ethynyl estradiol

Equilin sulfate

Metranol

Equilin sulfate

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Which of the following SERMs is used to stimulate ovulation?

Tamoxifen

Raloxifene

Clomiphene

Toremifene

Clomiphene

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Which of the following is NOT an aromatase inhibitor?

Exemestane

Anastrazole

Letrozole

Fulvestrant

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Which of the following is an antiestrogen action of raloxifene?

Decrease LDL levels in blood

Prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Decrease in the risk for breast cancer

Increase in the risk for blood clots

Decrease in the risk for breast cancer

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Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of androgen-like progestings?

Acne

Hirsutism

Weight gain

Venous thromboembolic disease

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Which is INCORRECT about the physiologic effects of progesterone?

Decreases basal insulin levels and the insulin response to glucose

Promotes glycogen storage in the liver

Causes a decrease in Na+ reabsorption

Causes the maturation of the endometrium following ovulation

Decreases basal insulin levels and the insulin response to glucose

Reason: causes an increase

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What is the benefit of the use of progestins in combination with estrogens?

Prevents uterine bleeding and endometrial carcinoma

Prevents acne

Prevents breast cancer

Increases the efficacy of estrogens

Prevents uterine bleeding and endometrial carcinoma

What of the following statements is INCORRECT about this drug? (Norethindrone)

It is a prodrug

It is used for depot injection

It is a progestin

It is a 19-nor, 17-ethynyl steroid

It is used for depot injection

What is the active component of Plan B? ulipristal acetate ethinyl estradiol levonorgestrel mifepristone

levonorgestrel

Which of the following is CORRECT about the physiological effects of glucocorticoids? Suppress lipolysis in adipose tissues Increase protein synthesis in muscle Promote the synthesis of cytokines Inhibit the production of eicosanoids

Inhibit the production of eicosanoids

Which of the following is NOT an symptom of Cushing's disease? Easy bruising Extreme weakness Osteoporosis Opportunistic infections

Extreme weakness

A patient has abnormally high levels of ACTH due to pituitary carcinoma. What would be the corresponding effect on the patients corticosteroid levels? Increase in cortisol and increase in aldosterone. Decrease in cortisol and increase in aldosterone. Increase in cortisol and no change in aldosterone. Decrease in cortisol and no change in aldosterone.

Increase in cortisol and no change in aldosterone.

Cessation of long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy can lead to Cushing's symptoms Tumors in the adrenal cortex Addisonian symptoms Ectopic production of ACTH

Addisonian symptoms

Which of the following glucocorticoids is a long-acting glucocorticoid? Prednisone Dexamethasone Cortisol Methylprednisolone

Dexamethasone

Which of the following corticosteroids is used in the mineralocorticoid replacement therapy? Fludrocortisone Triamcinolone acetonide Prednisone Betamethasone

Fludrocortisone

Which of the following corticosteroids is used in the mineralocorticoid replacement therapy? Fludrocortisone Triamcinolone acetonide Prednisone Betamethasone

Fludrocortisone

Dexamethasone, whose structure is shown below, has much greater glucocorticoid receptor to mineralocorticoid receptor selectivity than hydrocortisone. What are the structural features responsible for this enhanced SELECTIVITY? Ketone on carbon 3 and double bond at 1-2 carbons. Ketone on carbon 3 and fluorine group at carbon 9. Double bond at 1-2 carbons and fluorine group at carbon 9. Double bond at 1-2 carbons and alpha methyl group at carbon 16.

Double bond at 1-2 carbons and alpha methyl group at carbon 16.

Which of the following glucocorticoids is NOT used as an inhaled glucocorticoid? Flunisolide Triamcinolone acetonide Fluticasone propionate Prednisone

Prednisone (co

What is the best description of this glucocorticoid? (Hint: it has the 21-chloro group) Systemic glucocorticoid Inhaled glucocorticoid Topical glucocorticoid Glucocorticoid for intra-articular injection

Topical glucocorticoid

Which if the following is NOT an adverse effect of glucocorticoids? Steroid myopathy Hypoglycemia Cataract Moon face

Hypoglycemia

Which of the following is a hypothalamic hormone? ACTH FSH somatostatin growth hormone

somatostatin

Which of the following statements in INCORRECT about hCG? Its activity is nearly identical to that of LH It is extracted and purified from the urine of pregnant women It is a pituitary hormone It is produced during pregnancy

It is a pituitary hormone

Which of the following is a clinical use of non-pulsatile continuous administration of GnRH? Induction of ovulation Stimulation of gonadotropin release Suppression of LH surge Stimulation of androgen synthesis

Suppression of LH surge

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of growth hormone deficiency? Short stature Hypoglycemia Acromegaly Adiposity in childhood

Acromegaly

Which of the following is an GnRH receptor antagonist? nafarelin degarelix leuprolide desmopressin

degarelix

Which of the following is a mixture of FSH and LH? hCG lutropin a urofollitropin menotropin

menotropin

Hyperprolactinemia can be treated with antiandrogens GnRH antagonists SERMs dopamine agonists

dopamine agonists

Which of the following hormone can be used for labor induction? oxytocin hCG prolactin GnRH

oxytocin

Which of the following is posterior pituitary hormone? TSH vasopressin LH prolactin

vasopressin

Which of the following is INCORRECT about desmopressin? It has a longer half-life than vasopressin. It has much higher vasopressor-to-antidiuretic activity than that of vasopressin. It can be used to treat pituitary diabetes insipidus. It is a synthetic analog of vasopressin.

It has much higher vasopressor-to-antidiuretic activity than that of vasopressin.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT on the action of the eicosanoids? PGE2 dilates blood vessels. PGI2 inhibits platelet aggregation. TXA2 promotes platelet aggregation. PGF2a dilates Bronchi.

PGF2a dilates Bronchi.

Aspirin use before surgery or tooth extraction is contraindicated because aspirin increases the risk of bleeding by inhibition of _________ synthesis in __________ PGI2; platelets PGI2; vascular endothelial TXA2; platelets TXA2; vascular endothelial

TXA2; platelets

Which of the following drugs can be used together with NSAIDs to prevent gastric ulcers? Prostacyclin Misoprostol Alprostadil Latanoprost

Misoprostol

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about NSAIDs? NSAIDs reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins. NSAIDs reduce the synthesis of leukotrienes. Most NSAIDs inhibit both COX1 and COX2. NSAIDs reduce pain, fever, and inflammation.

NSAIDs reduce the synthesis of leukotrienes.

Which of the following NSAIDs is suitable for a long-term use to treat chronic inflammation due to less GI side effects? Ketorolac Indomethacin Sulindac Aspirin

Sulindac

Which of the following NSAIDs belongs to the class of arylacetic acids? (Shows four images of the following molecules) Meloxicam Naproxen Indomethacin Diflunisal

Indomethacin

Select the most potent NSAID out of the following drugs Ibuprofen Naproxen Indomethacin Aspirin

Indomethacin

Select the NSAID that is suitable only for a short-term management of moderate to severe pain. Naproxen Ketorolac Sulindac Diclofenac

Ketorolac

Which of the following NSAIDs is a selective COX2 inhibitor? Indomethacin Celecoxib Aspirin Ketorolac

Celecoxib

Which of the following statements is CORRECT about acetaminophen? It suppresses blood coagulation. It is associated with Reye's disease. Overdosing may cause a liver damage. It is a NSAID.

Overdosing may cause a liver damage.