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PHRM 825 > Practice Quizzes from lecture PARK > Flashcards

Practice Quizzes from lecture PARK Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following mode of cell-cell communications has the shortest signal duration?

A

Neuronal signaling

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2
Q

What is unique about the structure of testosterone?

A

Non aromatic ring

Carbonyl on carbon 3 and hydroxyl on carbon 17

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3
Q

What is the incorrect pair of a drug and its property?

Finasteride: 5alpha-reductase inhibitor

Testosterone cypionate: androgen for intramuscular injection

Methyltestosterone: orally active androgen

Spironolactone: anabolic steroid

Flutamide: non-steroidal antiandrogen

A

Spironolactone: anabolic steroid

Reason: Spironolactone is not an anabolic steroid as it is a steroidal androgen receptor inhibitor.

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4
Q

Which of the following is not an indication for antiandrogens?

Prostatic carcinoma

Benign prostate hyperplasia

Endometriosis

Excessive sexual drive in men

A

Endometriosis: where menstrual tissue grows outside the uterus

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5
Q

Which of the following enzymes converts testosterone to a more potent androgen in the target tissues?

A

5alpha-reductase

Aromatase converts testosterone to 17beta-estradiol in some tissues.

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6
Q

Which enzyme catalyzes the following step in the synthesis of steroid hormones?

Molecule on left: pregnenolone

arrow

Molecule on right: pregnenolone intermediate with 17alpha-hydroxyl group

A

17alpha-hydroxylase

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7
Q

The inhibition of the first step of the steroid synthesis by a drug will decrease the levels of all steroid hormones. Which of the following enzymes catalyzes this step?

A

P450scc

Remember the CYP450 enzymes class

+

scc = site chain cleaving

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8
Q

Which of the following is not an adverse effect of androgens in women?

Hirsutism: growth of hair in male-like pattern such as face, chest and back

Acne

Amenorrhea: absence/interfering of menstruation

Gynecomastia

A

Gynecomastia

Reason: Gynecomastia is an adverse effect that happens in men. Female adverse effects are hirsutism, acne, amenorrhea, clitoral enlargement and deepening of the voice.

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9
Q

Select the structure of cortisol

A

Non aromatic

Carbon 3 has a carbonyl group

Carbon 17 has an alpha hydroxyl group

Carbon 17 has a branched ethyl with a carbonyl on carbon 20 and hydroxyl group on carbon 21.

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10
Q

Which of the following is not a physiologic effect of testosterone?

Increase in HDL levels

Growth of beard hair

Deepening of the voice

Increase in lean body mass

Stimulation of erythrocyte production

A

Increase in HDL levels

Reason: it causes a decrease in HDL levels.

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11
Q

The structure of ethinyl estradiol is shown below. What is the effect of the 17alpha-ethinyl group on the property of this drug?

Decrease in oral bioavailability

Prevention of the conversion to estrone

Gaining of antiestrogenic activity

Gaining of SERM activity

A

Prevention of the conversion to estrone

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12
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the menstrual cycle?

If pregnancy does not occur, production of estrogen and progesterone by corpus luteum declines

In the early follicular phase, estrogen suppresses the production of FSH

In the late follicular phase, estrogen stimulates the surge of LH and FSH

In the luteal phase, both estrogen and progesterone stimulate the production of LH and FSH

A

In the luteal phase, both estrogen and progesterone stimulate the production of LH and FSH

Reason: This is false since estrogen and progesterone suppresses the production of LH and FSH in the luteal phase.

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13
Q

Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect of estrogens?

Development of endometrial lining during menstrual cycles

Stromal development and ductal growth in breast

Increase in rate of resorption of bone

Enhancement of the coagulability of blood

A

Increase in rate of resorption of bone

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14
Q

Which of the following estrogens can be used for depot injection due to its slow absorption?

Ethynyl estradiol

Mestranol

Quinestrol

Estradiol valerate

A

Estradiol valerate

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of estrogens?

Breast cancer

Uterine bleeding

Hot flashes

Endometrial carcinoma

A

Hot flashes

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16
Q

——– is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to treat breast cancer

Ethynyl estradiol

Tamoxifen

Clomiphene

Diethyl stilbestrol

A

Tamoxifen

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17
Q

Which of the following is a conjugated estrogen existing in the mixture of estrogens in Premarin?

Estradiol cypionate

Ethynyl estradiol

Equilin sulfate

Metranol

A

Equilin sulfate

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18
Q

Which of the following SERMs is used to stimulate ovulation?

Tamoxifen

Raloxifene

Clomiphene

Toremifene

A

Clomiphene

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19
Q

Which of the following is NOT an aromatase inhibitor?

Exemestane

Anastrazole

Letrozole

Fulvestrant

A

Fulvestrant

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20
Q

Which of the following is an antiestrogen action of raloxifene?

Decrease LDL levels in blood

Prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Decrease in the risk for breast cancer

Increase in the risk for blood clots

A

Decrease in the risk for breast cancer

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21
Q

Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of androgen-like progestings?

Acne

Hirsutism

Weight gain

Venous thromboembolic disease

A

Venous thromboembolic disease

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22
Q

Which is INCORRECT about the physiologic effects of progesterone?

Decreases basal insulin levels and the insulin response to glucose

Promotes glycogen storage in the liver

Causes a decrease in Na+ reabsorption

Causes the maturation of the endometrium following ovulation

A

Decreases basal insulin levels and the insulin response to glucose

Reason: causes an increase

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23
Q

What is the benefit of the use of progestins in combination with estrogens?

Prevents uterine bleeding and endometrial carcinoma

Prevents acne

Prevents breast cancer

Increases the efficacy of estrogens

A

Prevents uterine bleeding and endometrial carcinoma

24
Q

What of the following statements is INCORRECT about this drug? (Norethindrone)

It is a prodrug

It is used for depot injection

It is a progestin

It is a 19-nor, 17-ethynyl steroid

A

It is used for depot injection

25
Q

What is the active component of Plan B?

ulipristal acetate

ethinyl estradiol

levonorgestrel

mifepristone

A

levonorgestrel

26
Q

Which of the following is CORRECT about the physiological effects of glucocorticoids?

Suppress lipolysis in adipose tissues

Increase protein synthesis in muscle

Promote the synthesis of cytokines

Inhibit the production of eicosanoids

A

Inhibit the production of eicosanoids

27
Q

Which of the following is NOT an symptom of Cushing’s disease?

Easy bruising

Extreme weakness

Osteoporosis

Opportunistic infections

A

Extreme weakness

28
Q

A patient has abnormally high levels of ACTH due to pituitary carcinoma. What would be the corresponding effect on the patients corticosteroid levels?

Increase in cortisol and increase in aldosterone.

Decrease in cortisol and increase in aldosterone.

Increase in cortisol and no change in aldosterone.

Decrease in cortisol and no change in aldosterone.

A

Increase in cortisol and no change in aldosterone.

29
Q

Cessation of long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy can lead to

Cushing’s symptoms

Tumors in the adrenal cortex

Addisonian symptoms

Ectopic production of ACTH

A

Addisonian symptoms

30
Q

Which of the following glucocorticoids is a long-acting glucocorticoid?

Prednisone

Dexamethasone

Cortisol

Methylprednisolone

A

Dexamethasone

31
Q

Which of the following corticosteroids is used in the mineralocorticoid replacement therapy?

Fludrocortisone

Triamcinolone acetonide

Prednisone

Betamethasone

A

Fludrocortisone

32
Q

Which of the following corticosteroids is used in the mineralocorticoid replacement therapy?

Fludrocortisone

Triamcinolone acetonide

Prednisone

Betamethasone

A

Fludrocortisone

33
Q

Dexamethasone, whose structure is shown below, has much greater glucocorticoid receptor to mineralocorticoid receptor selectivity than hydrocortisone. What are the structural features responsible for this enhanced SELECTIVITY?

Ketone on carbon 3 and double bond at 1-2 carbons.

Ketone on carbon 3 and fluorine group at carbon 9.

Double bond at 1-2 carbons and fluorine group at carbon 9.

Double bond at 1-2 carbons and alpha methyl group at carbon 16.

A

Double bond at 1-2 carbons and alpha methyl group at carbon 16.

34
Q

Which of the following glucocorticoids is NOT used as an inhaled glucocorticoid?

Flunisolide

Triamcinolone acetonide

Fluticasone propionate

Prednisone

A

Prednisone (co

35
Q

What is the best description of this glucocorticoid? (Hint: it has the 21-chloro group)

Systemic glucocorticoid

Inhaled glucocorticoid

Topical glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoid for intra-articular injection

A

Topical glucocorticoid

36
Q

Which if the following is NOT an adverse effect of glucocorticoids?

Steroid myopathy

Hypoglycemia

Cataract

Moon face

A

Hypoglycemia

37
Q

Which of the following is a hypothalamic hormone?

ACTH

FSH

somatostatin

growth hormone

A

somatostatin

38
Q

Which of the following statements in INCORRECT about hCG?

Its activity is nearly identical to that of LH

It is extracted and purified from the urine of pregnant women

It is a pituitary hormone

It is produced during pregnancy

A

It is a pituitary hormone

39
Q

Which of the following is a clinical use of non-pulsatile continuous administration of GnRH?

Induction of ovulation

Stimulation of gonadotropin release

Suppression of LH surge

Stimulation of androgen synthesis

A

Suppression of LH surge

40
Q

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of growth hormone deficiency?

Short stature

Hypoglycemia

Acromegaly

Adiposity in childhood

A

Acromegaly

41
Q

Which of the following is an GnRH receptor antagonist?

nafarelin

degarelix

leuprolide

desmopressin

A

degarelix

42
Q

Which of the following is a mixture of FSH and LH?

hCG

lutropin a

urofollitropin

menotropin

A

menotropin

43
Q

Hyperprolactinemia can be treated with

antiandrogens

GnRH antagonists

SERMs

dopamine agonists

A

dopamine agonists

44
Q

Which of the following hormone can be used for labor induction?

oxytocin

hCG

prolactin

GnRH

A

oxytocin

45
Q

Which of the following is posterior pituitary hormone?

TSH

vasopressin

LH

prolactin

A

vasopressin

46
Q

Which of the following is INCORRECT about desmopressin?

It has a longer half-life than vasopressin.

It has much higher vasopressor-to-antidiuretic activity than that of vasopressin.

It can be used to treat pituitary diabetes insipidus.

It is a synthetic analog of vasopressin.

A

It has much higher vasopressor-to-antidiuretic activity than that of vasopressin.

47
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT on the action of the eicosanoids?

PGE2 dilates blood vessels.

PGI2 inhibits platelet aggregation.

TXA2 promotes platelet aggregation.

PGF2a dilates Bronchi.

A

PGF2a dilates Bronchi.

48
Q

Aspirin use before surgery or tooth extraction is contraindicated because aspirin increases the risk of bleeding by inhibition of _________ synthesis in __________

PGI2; platelets

PGI2; vascular endothelial

TXA2; platelets

TXA2; vascular endothelial

A

TXA2; platelets

49
Q

Which of the following drugs can be used together with NSAIDs to prevent gastric ulcers?

Prostacyclin

Misoprostol

Alprostadil

Latanoprost

A

Misoprostol

50
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about NSAIDs?

NSAIDs reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins.

NSAIDs reduce the synthesis of leukotrienes.

Most NSAIDs inhibit both COX1 and COX2.

NSAIDs reduce pain, fever, and inflammation.

A

NSAIDs reduce the synthesis of leukotrienes.

51
Q

Which of the following NSAIDs is suitable for a long-term use to treat chronic inflammation due to less GI side effects?

Ketorolac

Indomethacin

Sulindac

Aspirin

A

Sulindac

52
Q

Which of the following NSAIDs belongs to the class of arylacetic acids? (Shows four images of the following molecules)

Meloxicam

Naproxen

Indomethacin

Diflunisal

A

Indomethacin

53
Q

Select the most potent NSAID out of the following drugs

Ibuprofen

Naproxen

Indomethacin

Aspirin

A

Indomethacin

54
Q

Select the NSAID that is suitable only for a short-term management of moderate to severe pain.

Naproxen

Ketorolac

Sulindac

Diclofenac

A

Ketorolac

55
Q

Which of the following NSAIDs is a selective COX2 inhibitor?

Indomethacin

Celecoxib

Aspirin

Ketorolac

A

Celecoxib

56
Q

Which of the following statements is CORRECT about acetaminophen?

It suppresses blood coagulation.

It is associated with Reye’s disease.

Overdosing may cause a liver damage.

It is a NSAID.

A

Overdosing may cause a liver damage.

PHRM 825 (13 decks)

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