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IM3 > practice questions exam 4 > Flashcards

practice questions exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

amount of blood pumped in one minute?

A

cardiac output

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2
Q

most common primary diagnosis in US?

A

hypertension

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3
Q

what is it called when someone has HTN not caused by another disease process?

A

primary HTN

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4
Q

when HTN has caused damage to organ?

A

complicated HTN

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5
Q

what part of the heart pushed blood to the rest of the body

A

left ventricle

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6
Q

this diet includes fresh veggies, decrease in dairy, carbs, total fats, and encourage intake of whole grains, fish, poultry and nuts

A

DASH diet

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7
Q

Side effect of orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, vertigo, tachycardia. what drug?

A

alpha blocker

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8
Q

this medication Is very important to monitor vit k levels

A

furosemide

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9
Q

this diuretic is primarily used to treat HTN

A

hydrochlorothiazide

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10
Q

a decrease in standing BP of 20 systolic and 10 diastolic

A

orthostatic hypotension

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11
Q

T/F vasoconstriction leads to increase BP

A

true

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12
Q

accumulation in lipids or fatty substance in vessel walls is called

A

atherosclerosis

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13
Q

age, gender and ethnicity are what kind of risk factors

A

non modifiable

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14
Q

what is cholesterol level that we want to be high

A

HDL

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15
Q

what is it called when we have inadequate blood flow or oxygen content

A

ischemia

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16
Q

predictable CP on exertion

A

stable

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17
Q

this is indicating injury of infraction on an EKG?

A

elevation

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18
Q

what lab is most used to identify HF

A

BNP

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19
Q

what is the diagnostic test to look at heart wall and valve function?

A

echo

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20
Q

you should not give this med to a patient who has recently taken ED meds

A

nitroglycerin

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21
Q

common SE of nitroglycerin

A

headache

22
Q

what lab do we monitor when a patient is on enoxaparin?

A

platletes

23
Q

this is an acronym used to guide the treatment of myocardial infarction

A

MONA
Morphine
oxygen
nitrites
aspirin

24
Q

If a patient urine output is less then what —ml/hr we need to call the PCP

A

30ml/hr

25
Q

vit k and FFP are the antidotes for what med?

A

Coumadin

26
Q

classic s/s of this condition is focused on pulmonary conditions like SOB/wheezing

A

left sided HF

27
Q

this is a classic assessment finding in right sided HF

A

edema

28
Q

asthma patient should avoid which common cardiac med

A

beta blockers but metoprolol is okay

29
Q

this type of med puts a patient at increased risk for DVT

A

oral contraceptives

30
Q

Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a drop of __________ or more when going from supine to standing. Select all that apply.
a. 10 mmHg systolic
b. 20 mmHg systolic
c. 10 mmHg diastolic
d. 20 mmHg diastolic

A

B

31
Q

Modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease include which of the following?
Select all that Apply.

A. High cholesterol
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Ethnicity
D. Physical inactivity
E. Smoking

A

AEBD

32
Q

A patient with a new prescription for metoprolol is told it should never be stopped abruptly. Why?

Stopping a beta blocker abruptly can cause hypoglycemia.

Stopping a beta blocker abruptly can cause rebound hypertension.

Stopping an ace inhibitor abruptly can cause an irritating cough.

Stopping a calcium channel blocker abruptly can cause rapid decrease in heart rate.

A

B

33
Q

Nitroglycerin primarily dilates veins but at higher doses dilates arteries as well?
true or false

A

true

34
Q

Prinzmetal angina is predictable pain that is relieved by rest.

True
False

A

false- unpredictable

35
Q

Which of the following is not included in thecharacteristic assessment of chest pain?

A. When did the pain begin?
B. Where is the pain?
C. What type of pain is it? Stabbing, crushing,etc
D. How quick is intervention taken (i.e.nitro given, O₂applied?)

A

D

36
Q

The patient returns to the unit shortly aftercardiac catheterization. What importantteaching should occur during this time ofthe recovery?Select all that apply.

Drink a lot of fluids

Call the nurse if feel a pop or dampness at thecatheter insertion site

Notify the nurse if chest pain occurs.

C- Keep affected extremity straight

A

all but C

37
Q

Which urinary output demonstrates to the nurse renal perfusion is being maintained following cardiac surgery?

10 ml/hr
15 ml/hr
20 ml/hr
30 ml/hr

A

30ml/hr

38
Q

The nurse is assessing a client recovering from heart surgery. What elements can be used during bedside assessment to asses cardiac output
auscultation of heart sounds, monitor level of pain

B. fluid intake, serum sodium andpotassium values

C. proper body positioning, presence ofbruising

D. strength of pulses, skin temperature, urine output

A

D

39
Q

A client is being evaluated for chest pain. Which of the following lab values is most reliable in evaluating damage to cardiac muscle?

Creatinine kinase
Myoglobin
Troponin
LDL cholesterol

A

troponin

40
Q

A patient is presenting with aortic valve stenosis. The nursesunderstands this means the aortic valve is

billowing back into the left ventricle.
so stiff it doesn’t open completely.
loose and allows blood to flow back intothe left ventricle.
has infectious growths on it.

A

B

41
Q

A patient with heart failure is beginning therapy with captopril, an ACE inhibitor. What nursing intervention is indicated prior to giving the first dose?

A. Provide the medication 1 hour before meals
B. Offer the medication with food
C. Review recent lab values for hypokalemia
D. Instruct the patient to call for assistance when getting out of bed

A

D can cause dizziness so call before getting up

42
Q

A heart failure client is being discharged home. How should the nurse instruct the client to assess fluid balance?

Monitor daily weight
Monitor blood pressure
Assess radial pulses
Monitor bowel movements

A

A

43
Q

A patient is experiencing fluid volume excess with dependent edema. The health care provider places the patient on a 1,500ml/day fluid restriction. Which nursing intervention is most important?

Provide frequent oral care

Assess amount of edema each shift

Weigh patient every Monday

D. Keep the legs lower than the heart

A

B

44
Q

Which of the following are symptoms of left heart failure? Select all that apply.

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)

Peripheral edema

Jugular venous distention (JVD)

Crackles in the lungs

Shortness of breath upon exertion

A

ABDE

45
Q

Which of the following are symptoms of right heart failure? Select all that apply.

Jugular venous distention (JVD)
Hepatomegaly
Wheezing
Ascites
Shortness of breath on exertion

A

ABD

46
Q

What is the primary nursing intervention when caring for a patient after peripheral artery bypass surgery?

Encourage bed rest for the first three days post surgery

Encourage dangling of legs to promote circulation to the new peripheral vessel grafts

Assess and document pulses every hour for the first 8 hours after surgery

Encourage fluids to flush out radiopaque dye

A

C

47
Q

Signs and symptoms of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) include which of the following? Select all that apply.

Rubor in dependent extremities

Strong, regular pulses

Intermittent claudication

Dry, tight, shiny skin on extremities

Non-healing, painful ulcers

A

A,C,D,E

48
Q

When assessing a client with peripheral arterial disease, the nurse anticipates signs and symptoms of ischemia, including

Warm, pink extremities
Intermittent claudication
Increased pulse pressure
Increased hair production on affected extremities

A

B

49
Q

The antidote for heparin is protaminesulfate.

True
False

A

true

50
Q

A patient presents to the cardiac clinic 3 weeks post-op aortic valve replacement to monitor PT/INR for warfarin therapy. The nurse can assume the client had which kind of valve replacement?

Homograft
Allograft
Tissue
Mechanical

A

D

51
Q

The lab value used to monitor theefficacy of warfarin is the partialthromboplastin time (PTT).

True
False

A

false- PT and INR

52
Q
A

IM3 (8 decks)

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