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Phys 3 final > practice questions > Flashcards

practice questions Flashcards

1
Q

t/f: the renal excretion rate for a solute can never exceed the filtered load

A

false-excretion more than filtered load is secreting

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2
Q

what hormone is produced by the kidneys in response to SNS stimulation

A

renin- it regulates RBF

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3
Q

what would increase GFR but decrease renal blood flow

A

constriction of efferent arterioles

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4
Q

what can the kidney produce from alanine, glycerol, and lactate

A

glucose

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5
Q

what hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates the making of RBCs

A

erythropoietin

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6
Q

what percentage of the resting cardiac output does the kidney receive

A

25%

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7
Q

at rest, the GFR averages what quantity of plasma filtrate

A

125 mL/min

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8
Q

the average urine production in a day is equal to what

A

1500 mL/day

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9
Q

why does the capillary hydrostatic pressure stay constant along the length of the glomerular capillary

A

due to high resistance, efferent arterioles

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10
Q

in the kidney, where does reabsorption take place

A

peritubular capillaries

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11
Q

t/f: the majority of nephrons are capable of concentrating the urine

A

false- because JM nephrons do this and they only make up 15% of all nephrons

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12
Q

in the process of micturition, what sphincter is under voluntary control, allowing us to decide when to urinate

A

external urethral sphincter

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13
Q

which causes contraction of the detrusor muscles and relaxation of the internal sphincters, giving us the urge to urinate

A

stimulation of the PNS

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14
Q

on average, what percent of body weight is water

A

60%

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15
Q

on average, what percent of body weight is extracellular fluid

A

20%

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16
Q

if you dehydrate and lose 2 liters of fluid, which kind of fluid shift would you expect

A

some shift from ICF to ECF- high NaCl intake could do this as well

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17
Q

what marker is best suited to measure total body water

A

isotropic water- titrated water is another way

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18
Q

which fluid loss would cause only a loss in ECF volume, no change in osmolarity, and no shift in volume between ICF and ECF

A

diarrhea

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19
Q

clearance of what injected substance is equal to the GFR

A

inulin

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20
Q

which substance would have the highest clearance? write in formula

A

para aminohippuric acid- anything that is filtered AND secreted will be highest

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21
Q

at normal blood levels, what statement regarding the renal handling of glucose is true

A

freely filtered and all reabsorbed

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22
Q

what is the physiologic significant figure of substance x with a clearance ratio equal to 1

A

the clearance of x is equal to GFR

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23
Q

what is the most important function of the kidney

A

reabsorption of Na

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24
Q

what percent of Na is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule

A

66%

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25
Q

when would some filtered glucose spill into the urine

A

plasma concentration of glucose exceeds 200 mg/dL

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26
Q

in the kidney, what is a physiologic function of urea

A

helps create osmotic gradient important in concentrating urine

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27
Q

what is located on the basolateral side of the tubular cell (luminal side) that drives reabsorption of most solutes in the proximal tubule

A

Na/K ATPase

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28
Q

the TAL has what effect on the tubular fluid

A

dilutes it

29
Q

what tubular cell in the late distal tubule is responsible for K secretion

A

principal cell- also found in the collecting duct

30
Q

what effect does insulin have in intracellular K concentration

A

increase- glucose stimulates K pump

31
Q

what receptors mediate ADH effect to insert aquaporin 2 (water channel making the collecting duct permeable to water, which allows reabsorption of water)

A

V2

32
Q

normal arterial pH is equal to what

A

7.4

33
Q

hyperventilation is cause of what

A

respiratory alkalosis

34
Q

what is an example of a volatile acid

A

CO2

35
Q

what is a normal compensation to metabolic acidosis

A

increase ventilation

36
Q

if renal perfusion pressure increases from 100 mmHg to 150 mmHg, what statement would be true

A

both GFR and renal blood flow would stay constant- because it can be kept constant between 80-200

37
Q

what physically prevents plasma proteins from entering Bowman’s capsule

A

basement membrane- negative charges are an additional barrier

38
Q

what auto regulation of renal blood flow and GFR involved constriction or dilation of what vessels

A

afferent arterioles- only place auto regulation occurs

39
Q

the clearance of PAH is equal to what

A

renal plasma flow

40
Q

in mice, knocking out the receptor for what substance (blocks tubuloglomerular feedback) is important in auto regulation of both renal blood flow and GFR

A

A1 receptor for adenosine

41
Q

what would increase both GFR and renal blood flows

A

dilation of afferent arterioles

42
Q

normal plasma osmolality of the ECF would be equal to what

A

300 mOsm/L

43
Q

reabsorption by the kidney averages what quantity of tubular fluid/day

A

178.5 L/day

44
Q

what effect does the efferent arterioles have on the glomerular capillary filtration pressure

A

keeps it constant along its length

45
Q

in the kidney, where does all filtration take place

A

glomerular capillaries

46
Q

what nephrons are capable of concentrating the urine

A

juxtamedullary

47
Q

urea transporters in the inner medullary collecting ducts are stimulated by what

A

ADH

48
Q

what causes relaxation of the detrusor muscle and contraction of the internal sphincters, allowing the bladder to fill

A

stimulation of the SNS

49
Q

what contributes most to plasma osmolarity

A

plasma Na

50
Q

if you experience a high-water intake, what kind of fluid shift would you expect

A

shift from ECF to ICF, decrease in osmolarity

51
Q

what marker is best suited to measure plasma volume using indicator dilution

A

radioactive albumen

52
Q

which would cause a hyposmotic volume contraction associated with increase water loss > NaCl loss resulting in a decrease in ECF volume, increase in osmolarity, resulting in a shift in volume from ICF to ECF? There is no change in hemocrit.

A

dehydration (sweating)

53
Q

what best describes renal handling of albumen in the blood

A

not filtered and not secreted

54
Q

what is the physiologic significance of substance x with a clearance ratio >1

A

substance x is both filtered and secreted

55
Q

why is the most important function of the kidney reabsorption of Na

A

Na reabsorption drives virtually all other solute reabsorption

56
Q

the majority of solute is reabsorbed in what portion of the nephron

A

proximal tubule

57
Q

what is the Tm for filtered glucose reached

A

plasma concentration of glucose first exceeds 350 mg/dL

58
Q

what is located on the luminal (apical) side of the tubular cell in the TAL that reabsorbs about 25% of the filtered Na

A

Na/K Cl cotransporter

59
Q

what tubular cell in the late distal tubule is responsible for K reabsorption

A

a-intercalated cell

60
Q

what effect does a deficiency of insulin have on blood K concentration

A

hyperkalemia

61
Q

what effect does ADH have on the collecting duct

A

increased permeability to water

62
Q

a patient who is excessively vomiting is likely to develop what condition

A

metabolic alkalosis

63
Q

to compensate for metabolic alkalosis, what is an appropriate compensatory response

A

decreased ventilation

64
Q

what is an example of a fixed acid produced by the breakdown of phospholipids

A

phosphoric acid

65
Q

a patient has an arterial pH of 7.6, HCO3= 28 mEg/L, and arterial PCO2=40 mmHg. this is consistent with what

A

metabolic alkalosis

66
Q

in addition to the basement membrane associated with the glomerular capillary filtration barrier, what else helps exclude high molecular weight proteins from entering Bowman’s space

A

negatively charged glycoproteins

67
Q

renal plasma flow is equal to what

A

clearance of PAH

68
Q

when the pK=pH, what is true

A

HA=A

Phys 3 final (2 decks)

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