Practice Questions Flashcards
Name of molecule derived from fructose 6 phosphate by PFK1 is:
A. Glucose 6 Phosphate
B. Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate
C. Dihydroxy acetone phosphate
D. Acetyl CoA
B. Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate
Which of the following is an important positive allosteric effector for PFK1?
A. Glucose 6 Phosphate
B. Fructose 6 bisphosphate
C. Dihydroxy acetone phosphate
D. Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate
D. Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate
Which of the following is a positive allosteric effector for PFK1?
A. Glucose 6 Phosphate
B. AMP
C. Dihydroxy acetone phosphate
D. ATP
B. AMP
Which of the following is a negative allosteric effector for PFK1?
A. Glucose 6 Phosphate
B. AMP
C. Dihydroxy acetone phosphate
D. Citrate
D. Citrate
Which of the following processes converts lactic acid to glucose?
A. citric acid cycle
B. Krebs cycle
C. Gluconeogenesis
D. None of the above
C. Gluconeogenesis
Insulin:
A. stimulates ketogenesis in the liver.
B. requires catecholamine for its activity.
C. acts in the liver to stimulate glycogen synthesis
D. secretion increases with decreasing serum glucose levels.
C. acts in the liver to stimulate glycogen synthesis
The end product of glycolysis is:
A. Glucose 6 phosphate
B. Pyruvate
C. Acetyl coA
D. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
B. Pyruvate
How many ATP molecules are produced as a result of anaerobic respiration?
A. 36 ATPs
B. 4 ATPs
C. 2 ATPs
D. 96 ATPs
C. 2 ATPs
Glucokinase is an isoform of:
A. Hexokinase I
B. Hexokinase II
C. Hexokinase III
D. Hexokinase IV
D. Hexokinase IV
Which one of these is a positive effector of PFK1?
A. ATP
B. Citrate
C. AMP
D. Low pH
C. AMP
Fatty acids need to be converted to this molecule before they can undergo β-oxidation
A. Malonyl CoA
B. Fatty acyl CoA
C. Propionyl CoA
D. Citric acid
B. Fatty acyl CoA
β-oxidation of fatty acids occurs in:
A. Mitochondria
B. microsomes
C. Cytosol
D. Golgi
A. Mitochondria
Name of molecule derived from fatty acid β-oxidation
A. ATP
B. Acetic acid
C. Acetyl CoA
D. Citric acid
C. Acetyl CoA
How many ATP molecules are generated from palmitic acid (16C) oxidation?
A. 32 ATPs
B. 2 ATPs
C. 106 ATPs
D. 84 ATPs
C. 106 ATPs
Which one of the following is a ketone body?
A. Citrate
B. Acetoacetate
C. Palmitate
D. Acetate
B. Acetoacetate
Increased formation of ketone bodies during fasting is a result of:
A. decreased levels of circulating glucagon
B. increased levels of free fatty acids in serum
C. decreased formation of acetyl CoA in the liver
D. a decreased activity of hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissue
B. increased levels of free fatty acids in serum
Although the brain produces most of its energy by the aerobic metabolism of glucose, it can cover more than half of its energy needs during long-term fasting from:
A. anaerobic glycolysis B. oxidation of amino acids C. oxidation of ketone bodies D. oxidation of free fatty acids 5) oxidation of its stored glycogen
C. oxidation of ketone bodies
The key regulatory enzyme in fatty acid synthesis is: A. Acetyl CoA Carboxylase B. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 C. Keto Acyl Synthetase D. Thioesterase
A. Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
Which of the following inhibits β-oxidation of fatty acids?
A. Malonyl CoA
B. Citric acid
C. Propionyl CoA
D. Fatty acyl CoA
A. Malonyl CoA
Fatty acid synthase, a multi-enzyme protein, catalyzes the formation of palmitic acid from these 2 precursors:
A. Acetyl CoA and Malonyl CoA
B. Citric acid and Malonyl CoA
C. Propionyl CoA and Acetyl CoA
D. Acetyl CoA and Fatty acyl CoA
A. Acetyl CoA and Malonyl CoA
Deamination refers to the transfer of amino group from one molecule to another
True
False
False
The following amino acid is an important acceptor of ammonia
A. Alanine
B. Glutamate
C. Aspartate
D. Leucine
B. Glutamate
Transamination refers to the transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to
A. Another amino acid
B. A keto acid
C. Acetyl coA
D. Citric acid
B. A keto acid
Alanine-glucose cycle is important in the transfer of ammonia from:
A. Muscle to liver in fed state
B. Muscle to liver in the fasting state
C. Liver to muscle in fed state
D. Liver to muscle in the fasting state
B. Muscle to liver in the fasting state
When is hepatic glycogenolysis a primary source of blood glucose?
A. Well-fed state, 2-3 hours postprandial
B. Early fasted state, 3-12 hours postprandial
C. Fasted state, 12-36 hours postprandial
D. Early refed state, 0-2 hours after refeeding
B. Early fasted state, 3-12 hours postprandial
In starvation, the body makes a major adaptation to conserve its protein stores
A. by synthesizing essential amino acids to meet the body demands.
B. by neutralizing metabolic by-products such as urea, creatinine.
C. by utilization of ketone bodies, i.e., non-protein derived energy sources, for the metabolic needs of the brain and nervous system
D. by the incomplete combustion of 2-carbon molecules derived from adipose stores.
C. by utilization of ketone bodies, i.e., non-protein derived energy sources, for the metabolic needs of the brain and nervous system
During periods of prolonged fasting in a normal, healthy individual, blood glucose levels are maintained by gluconeogenesis. The carbons utilized for glucose synthesis under these circumstances are derived primarily from
A. glycogen. B. fatty acids. C. heteropolysaccharides. D. nucleic acid. E. protein
E. protein
The brain utilizes ketone bodies rather than fatty acids because
A. ketone bodies are a more efficient fuel.
B. brain tissue cannot metabolize fatty acids to any significant degree
C. ketone bodies can be converted into glucose.
D. none of the above.
B. brain tissue cannot metabolize fatty acids to any significant degree
The glucose-alanine cycle functions chiefly in the exchange of carbon and nitrogen between
A. kidney and liver. B. muscle and brain. C. gut and liver. D. muscle and liver E. muscle and kidney.
D. muscle and liver
Which one of the following is most often found in untreated patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
A. Ketoacidosis
B. Hyperglycemia
C. A simple pattern of genetic inheritance
D. Extremely low levels of insulin synthesis and secretion
E. Synthesis of an insulin with an abnormal amino acid sequence
B. Hyperglycemia
Prediabetes is associated with all of the following except:
A. Increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes
B. Impaired glucose tolerance
C. Increased risk of heart disease and stroke
D. Increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes
D. Increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes mellitus:
A. severe weight loss always occurs.
B. hypertriglyceridemia does not occur.
C. ketoacidosis in the untreated state is always present.
D. may be accompanied by high levels of insulin in the blood
E. β-cells of the pancreas are no longer able to make any insulin.
D. may be accompanied by high levels of insulin in the blood
In which of the following tissues the glucose transport in the cell IS enhanced by insulin?
A. Brain B. Kidneys C. Liver D. Muscles E. Red blood cells
D. Muscles
Untreated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1) is associated with:
A. excess of body fat. B. glucose in the urine C. inhibition of urine formation. D. excessive protein anabolism. E. low blood glucose concentration.
B. glucose in the urine
