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Water Treatment > Practice Questions #2 > Flashcards

Practice Questions #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the criteria for a community water system?

A

Has at least 15 service connections used by all year residence or regularly. Serves at least 25 residence all year long.

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2
Q

What is the acceptable limit of copper in drinking water?

A

1.3 mg/L

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3
Q

Which type of reservoir is rich in nutrients?

A

Eutrophic

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4
Q

What is a mechanical seal?

A

Metallic flat surfaces used to minimize leakage around the pump shaft

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5
Q

What is a confined aquifer?

A

An aquifer that is bounded above and below by confining beds

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6
Q

Which of the following best describes pumping water level in a well?

A

Upper surface of the ground water that is being pumped

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7
Q

What is the name of the deepest layer of a reservoir under thermal stratification?

A

Hypolimnion

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8
Q

What is the health effect of consuming water with high levels of copper?

A

Stomach and intestinal distress, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps

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9
Q

Which of the following best describes the turbine pump?

A

A centrifugal pump that is mainly used to pump water from Wells

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10
Q

What is typically used to clean the sludge on the bottom of a rectangular clarifier?

A

Chain and flight collectors

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11
Q

How often should preventative maintenance before performed on equipment?

A

Use manufactures recommendation

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12
Q

What is CT?

A

Contact time x chlorine residual, concentration.

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13
Q

What is absorption?

A

Constituent is sucked in

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14
Q

What is the purpose of a check valve?

A

Allows water to flow in one direction

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15
Q

What would happen to the pH of water if lime is added?

A

Increases pH

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16
Q

What is the term used to describe ground water that flows naturally from the ground?

A

Spring

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17
Q

Once thermal stratification occurs in the middle and lower zones of a reservoir, what type of problem occurs in these layers?

A

Depletion of total dissolved oxygen

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18
Q

What is the most critical problem that may be encountered when entering a confined space?

A

Oxygen deficiency and toxic gas

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19
Q

Which of the following is a settleable solid? Sand, colloidal matter, bacteria, or fine clay.

A

Sand

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20
Q

Which of the following is not a commonly used coagulant?
Alum, sodium hypochlorite, ferric sulfate or polymer

A

Sodium hypochlorite

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21
Q

What is the purpose of a coagulant aid?

A

Add density to slow settling flocs and add toughness to the flocs

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22
Q

What is the purpose of a coagulant (not coagulant aid)?

A

Neutralize electrical charge

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23
Q

Which of the following is least likely to be removed in the sedimentation process?

A

Aqueous form of manganese

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24
Q

In the sedimentation process, what would happen if the flow rate were increased?

A

Lower efficiency

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25
Q

If turbidity is rising rapidly, what should you do?

A

Verify the effectiveness of the coagulant chemicals and dosage at the flash mixer

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26
Q

The collection of a bad sample is as useful as which of the following

A

No results

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27
Q

Which of the following is not a mechanism that occurs in a filter media?
Straining, adsorption, sedimentation on media or precipitation.

A

Precipitation

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28
Q

Which of the following is not a type of filter media used for gravity filtration?
Single media, dual media, diatomaceous earth, or mixed media

A

Diatomaceous earth

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29
Q

What are the three types of media used in a multimedia filtration system?

A

Sand, anthracite coal and garnet

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30
Q

What does the term fluidized mean in filtration?

A

Filter media is expanded during backwash

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31
Q

Which of the following is not an attribute of activated carbon?
Removes unappealing taste, removes odor, removes organic compounds or removes nitrate

A

Removes nitrate

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32
Q

How is the filtration efficiency evaluated?

A

Turbidity measurement

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33
Q

Which of the following is not a way to address backwashing problems in a filter?
Adjust backwash flow rate, adjust surface water flow rate, adjust duration of the backwash cycle or adjust chemical injection rate

A

Adjust chemical injection rate

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34
Q

Which of the following is a requirement of the surface water treatment rule?

A

At least 99.9% removal of Giardia cysts

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35
Q

Which of the following is not a process that will remove pathogens from water? Sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, or screening?

A

Screening

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36
Q

Which of the following will be formed when the free chlorine combines with water?

A

Hypochlorous acid

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37
Q

Which of the following is true about chlorine gas, by itself?

A

Nonflammable and nonexplosive

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38
Q

What is the most common source of water borne disease outbreaks?

A

Backflow

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39
Q

Why would a water utility switch from using sodium hypochlorite to chloramines?

A

Reduce formation of THM’s

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40
Q

What is a CT value?

A

A measure of the degree of pathogenic inactivation

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41
Q

When is a hypochlorinator typically used?

A

To feed liquid chlorine

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42
Q

Which contaminant should never be sampled using a composite sampler?

A

Bacteria

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43
Q

If liquid chlorine is leaking from a cylinder, what should you do?

A

Turn the container so that the leak is on top

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44
Q

Which of the following provides the most convenient and repeatable chlorine residual results?

A

Amperometric titration

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45
Q

Which of the following does not have a primary MCL? Iron, nitrate, lead, or arsenic?

A

Iron

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46
Q

Which of the following is not true about chlorine gas?
2.5 times heavier than air, toxic, corrosive in moist atmospheres, or most people cannot detect chlorine gas at about 2 ppm.

A

Most people cannot detect chlorine gas at about 2 ppm

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47
Q

What is the disadvantage of using ozone to disinfect water?

A

Cost

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48
Q

What is the most common technique used to control taste and odor?

A

PAC

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49
Q

What does an organic compound always contain?

A

Carbon

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50
Q

Which of the following is a type of acid?
Sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric, lime, or caustic soda

A

Hydrochloric

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51
Q

Select the answer that violates the basic rules of laboratory work.

A. Pipette hazardous materials with your mouth.
B. Always wear a lab coat to protect your skin and close.
C. We’re insulated gloves when handling hot objects.
D. Good housekeeping is an effective way to prevent accidents.

A

Pipette hazardous materials with your mouth

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52
Q

Which of the following is true regarding water sampling.

A

Collecting water samples at a water treatment plant is no different than collecting water samples from a stream or river

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53
Q

What has a rotten egg smell?

A

Hydrogen sulfide

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54
Q

Which total coliform bacteria test involves the use of Lauryl tryptose broth?

A

Multiple tube fermentation method

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55
Q

What is alkalinity usually expressed?

A

Calcium carbonate equivalents

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56
Q

What does a pH of 2 represent?

A

Strong acid

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57
Q

What impact does total dissolved solids (TDS) have on water quality?

A

Adverse taste

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58
Q

What is the optimum pH of water for disinfecting bacteria?

A

7.5

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59
Q

What is wire-to-water efficiency?

A

The combine efficiency of a pump and motor

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60
Q

Select the answer that is not a type of positive displacement pump.
Metering, reciprocating, centrifugal, or rotary

A

Centrifugal

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61
Q

Which of the following rotates at a high speed and imparts velocity to the water?

A

Impeller

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62
Q

What is the term used to describe a connection between a drinking water system and an approved water supply?

A

Cross connection

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63
Q

Which is the term used to describe the shallow water of a reservoir with abundant plant growth?

A

Littoral zone

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64
Q

What impact do algae blooms have on the pH of a reservoir?

A

Increases pH

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65
Q

What type of charge would you expect to see on coagulant?

A

Positive

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66
Q

What would cause excessive media to be in the spent backwash water?

A

Backwashing at high velocity

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67
Q

What safety equipment must be worn before entering a confined space?

A

Harness

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68
Q

What are the typical characteristics of the source water, for a direct filtration plant?

A

Low turbidity levels, less than 2 NTU

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69
Q

What is the purpose of the coagulation and flocculation process?

A

Neutralize the negative charges on the colloids and slowly stir water to create flocs

70
Q

Which of the following would not trigger a filtration system to backwash?
Headloss, time, temperature or turbidity

A

Temperature

71
Q

What is the definition of disinfection?

A

Inactivation of most pathogens

72
Q

What is the definition of sterilization?

A

Inactivation of all pathogens

73
Q

Which of the following is a secondary contaminant?
Nitrate, arsenic, lead, or manganese

A

Manganese

74
Q

What is the safety hazard of working with polymers?

A

Slippery floor

75
Q

What is the disadvantage of using chloramines?

A

Weak disinfectant

76
Q

What is the purpose of a dial indicator?

A

Measure shaft misalignment

77
Q

What is an attribute of a diatomaceous earth filter?

A

Mesh screen is pre-coated with powdered media

78
Q

Which of the following is true about the presumptive test?

A

It takes 48 hours to obtain results for the total coliform test

79
Q

What is a carcinogen?

A

Causes cancer

80
Q

What is the minimum required disinfection residual concentration leaving a surface water treatment plant?

A

0.2 mg/L

81
Q

Which of the following is equal to 1 ppm?

A

1 mg/L

82
Q

What is the disadvantage of using UV to disinfect water?

A

No disinfectant residual

83
Q

What would most likely occur if a higher quantity of chlorine is added to water?

A

More THM’s will form

84
Q

What is the most common error in water quality analysis?

A

Sampling

85
Q

What is the term used to describe the introduction into water of microorganisms, chemicals, and toxic substances in a concentration that makes the water unfit for its next intended use?

A

Contamination

86
Q

Which acid is formed when chlorine is mixed with water?

A

Hypochlorous acid

87
Q

What is an example of a non-community transient water system?
School, rest stop, subdivision, office building

A

Rest stop

88
Q

What might occur after filter has been backwashed?

A

Turbidity momentarily increases in the filter effluent

89
Q

What is the lowest reportable concentration for constituents called?

A

Detection level for reporting

90
Q

Which of the following is part of the multiple tube fermentation analysis?

A

Presumptive, confirmed, completed

91
Q

What is considered to be a base?

A

PH in the range of 8 to 14

92
Q

What organisms use organic matter for energy and growth?

A

Heterotrophic

93
Q

What organism is capable of causing diseases?

A

Pathogen

94
Q

What is the term used to describe the removal or destruction of all micro organisms?

A

Sterilization

95
Q

Which process releases water vapor into the atmosphere by living plants?

A

Transpiration

96
Q

What is the zone of saturation?

A

The soil located below the top of the ground water table

97
Q

What is an example of combined chlorine?

A

Monochloramine

98
Q

Which of the following is a chlorine spill kit for a 1 ton container?

A

Spill kit B

99
Q

What is the purpose of pre-chlorination?

A

To control taste

100
Q

What should be used to convey chlorine gas out of a 1 ton container

A

Upper valve

101
Q

What is typically the cause of taste and odor problems in raw surface water?

A

Algae growth

102
Q

What is the best pH for coagulation?

A

5-7

103
Q

What are the four zones of clarifier?

A

Inlet, outlet, settling, sludge

104
Q

What is used to protect the under drain in the filtration system?

A

Gravel

105
Q

What is not a cause of a short filter run?
A. Low flow.
B. Excessive filtration rate.
C. Excessive mudball formation.
D. Clogging of under drain.

A

A. Low flow

106
Q

What would not trigger a backwash in a filtration system?
Turbidity, Headloss, time or temperature

A

Temperature

107
Q

What is a breakthrough?

A

A crack in the filter bed that allows flocs to pass through

108
Q

Where should sodium hypochlorite be stored?

A

Away from anything that will corrode

109
Q

What is the Langelier’s saturation index?

A

An indicator of the corrosivity of water

110
Q

Which of the following is the most resistant to chemical disinfection?

A

Giardia cyst

111
Q

What DBP would you expect to see in the water that is disinfected with ozonation?

A

Bromate

112
Q

How long does it take to detect E.Coli using the Colilert method?

A

24 hours

113
Q

Which chemical is used to remove turbidity?

A

Alum

114
Q

What is the main purpose of the surface water treatment rule?

A

Removal of pathogens

115
Q

Which layer of a stratified reservoir will most likely suffer from algae growth?

A

Epilimnion

116
Q

What are very small particles that do not dissolve?

A

Colloids

117
Q

What is the typical source of lead and copper in drinking water?

A

Corrosion of service pipe

118
Q

Which of the following lab equipment is the most accurate measuring device?

A

Pipet

119
Q

What is the definition of operating ratio?

A

Ratio of annual operating expenses to operating revenue

120
Q

What are the monthly sampling requirements based on?

A

Population served

121
Q

What constituent causes hard water?
Manganese, methane, nitrate, magnesium

A

Magnesium

122
Q

When does chlorine and water reach break point chlorination?

A

When it stops reacting with organics and inorganics

123
Q

What is the problem with soft water?

A

Corrosion

124
Q

Which of the following would be considered soft water?

A

Less than 60 mg/L CaCO3

125
Q

Which of the following is not used to treat hard water?

A

Carbon dioxide

126
Q

What is another name for caustic soda?

A

Sodium hydroxide

127
Q

If a significant amount of iron is present in water, what are the adverse impacts?

A

Taste and staining

128
Q

What is the health impact of drinking water with excess lead?

A

Development problems in children

129
Q

What is the impact of TDS on water?

A

Bad taste

130
Q

Which of the following technologies is the most effective way to remove TDS?

A

Reverse osmosis

131
Q

What is an organic precursor?

A

Humic acid

132
Q

What is the impact of overdosing potassium permanganate in water?

A

Pink water

133
Q

Where are samples for lead and copper typically obtained?

A

Consumers tap

134
Q

Which of the following is the most common way to test for E. coli?
Fluorescence, titration, DPD, or colilert

A

Colilert

135
Q

Which of the following is the best way to minimize THM’s?

A

Don’t pre-chlorinate

136
Q

When must the public be notified of a tier 1 violation regarding their water supply?

A

Within 24 hours after the occurrence of violation

137
Q

What is titration?

A

A process of adding the chemical reagent in small increments until completion of reaction

138
Q

What is a supernatant?

A

A relatively Clear water layer between the sludge on the bottom, and the scum on the surface of a basin

139
Q

Which of the following contributes to alkalinity?
Calcium, bicarbonate, sodium, or potassium

A

Bicarbonate

140
Q

Select the answer that is regulated under the secondary drinking water standards.
Odor, nitrate, arsenic, or lead

A

Odor

141
Q

Which of the following is a requirement for Viruses under the surface water treatment rule?

A

99.99% removal and/or inactivation.

142
Q

What is the process that transfers water vapor from living plants into the atmosphere?

A

Evapotranspiration

143
Q

When must a repeat sample be taken?

A

Sample tests positive for total coliform

144
Q

Why is fluoride injected into drinking water?

A

Reduced tooth decay

145
Q

Which of the following is used to test chlorine residual in the field?

A

DPD

146
Q

What is the largest zone in the sedimentation tank?

A

Settling zone

147
Q

Which of the following describes the attributes of chlorine dioxide?

A

It does not form carcinogenic compounds

148
Q

What is a common source of coliform?

A

Feces

149
Q

What is the hypogeal biological layer formed on the surface of a slow sand filter

A

Schmutzdecke

150
Q

Which of the following would lead to thermal stratification?

A

When surface water begins to warm up

151
Q

Which of the following is true about using an inclined plate settler?

A

Uses a smaller footprint at the plant than a conventional clarifier

152
Q

Which of the following will most likely lead to nitrification?

A

High concentration of ammonia in water

153
Q

What is the probable cause of reddish brown water?

A

Iron

154
Q

Which constituent makes water appear black?

A

Manganese

155
Q

Which of the following is a potentially dangerous condition in a confined space?

A

Oxygen content drops below 19.5% by volume.

156
Q

Which of the following is not true about to tuberculation?

A

Increases pipe capacity

157
Q

What is the secondary MCL?

A

Sets limits for constituents that affect the aesthetic qualities of drinking water

158
Q

Which of the following is a tier 1 violation

A

Exceeding MCL for nitrate

159
Q

What is used to control the injection of gas chlorine in the water?

A

Chlorinator

160
Q

Which of the following is a Venturi style injector used for chlorine gas?

A

Eductor

161
Q

What would happen if a valve is close to quickly?

A

Waterhammer

162
Q

When must a public notice be issued to the customers?

A

When there is a serious problem with the drinking water

163
Q

What would cause manganese to precipitate?

A

Adding sodium hypochlorite

164
Q

What is the purpose of the total Colifirm rule?

A

Improve public health protection by reducing fecal pathogens to minimal levels

165
Q

What type of pump is used as a chemical metering pump?

A

Positive displacement pump

166
Q

If you have rights to pull water out of an adjacent river due to the purchase of land, which of the following rights do you have?

A

Riparian rights

167
Q

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of surface water?

A

Higher turbidity and organics

168
Q

If groundwater near an ocean has high concentration of chloride’s, which of the following may be true

A

Seawater intrusion is occurring

169
Q

Which of the following is a thermocline?

A

Metalimnion

170
Q

What is the purpose of the sanitary seal in a well?

A

Prevent contamination of groundwater supply

Water Treatment (2 decks)

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