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Water Treatment > Practice Questions > Flashcards

Practice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is removed at raw water intake?

A

Fish and debris

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2
Q

Which if the following is more likely to be found in ground water?

A

Minerals

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3
Q

What is the most commonly used to control algae growth in Reservoir’s?

A

Copper sulfate

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4
Q

What are common filtration rates in gravity filtration?

A

2 - 10 gpm/square foot

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5
Q

Leakage within a centrifugal pump is intended for what purpose?

A

 Cool moving parts

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6
Q

Which of the following is the definition of a grab sample?

A

A single sample of water collected at a particular time and place which represents the composition of the water only at that time and place

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7
Q

Adding sodium hypochlorite to water will have the following effect

A

 Increase pH

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the ground water rule?

A

To protect the groundwater from disease, causing microorganisms

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9
Q

What is true about the total coliform rule?

A

 Establishes an MCL based on the presence and absence of total coliforms or E. coli

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10
Q

What will happen to the water quality if Chlorine is injected at the same location as power activated carbon (PAC)

A

Chlorine will react with carbon and neutralize the effects of both

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11
Q

Which of the following will react with chlorine to form  trihalomethane?

A

 Natural organic matter

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12
Q

What type of pump has a piston within the casing?

A

Reciprocating

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13
Q

What must be located near a hazardous chemical storage room?

A

SDS

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14
Q

What term describes the depression of a water table?

A

 Cone of depression

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15
Q

What is the radius of influence?

A

 The radial distance from the center of a well bore to the point where there is no lowering the water table

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16
Q

What is the best way to monitor filter performance?

A

 Turbidity

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17
Q

What causes the water to look cloudy?

A

Suspended material

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18
Q

Which chemical is sprayed near a chlorine gas leak to produce white smoke?

A

Ammonia

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19
Q

Which water sampling parameters must be taken in the field?

A

PH and temperature

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20
Q

If the total coliform tests positive, then what must be done next?

A

Test for fecal coliform

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21
Q

What is performed to evaluate susceptibility to potential threats and identify corrective actions that can reduce, or mitigate the risk for a water system?

A

Vulnerability assessment

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22
Q

What is the definition of holding time for water samples?

A

The length of time a water sample is retained between taking the sample and laboratory analysis

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23
Q

From a bacteriological standpoint, what is important for a well?

A

Protect it from contaminating runoff

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24
Q

What is true of chlorine gas?

A

It is 2.5 times heavier than air

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25
Q

What happens after breakpoint chlorination is achieved?

A

Chlorine dose and residual increase at the same rate

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26
Q

If chlorine residual is not detected after 3 mg/L of dosage is applied, then what might be occurring in the water?

A

Demand has not been met

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27
Q

Which of the following is an indicator organism for pathogens?

A

Coliform

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28
Q

What would happen if there is an increase in turbidity, organics and manganese in the water

A

Increase in chlorine demand

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29
Q

Which of the following would increase alkalinity in the water?

A

CaCO3
Calcium carbonate

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30
Q

If you drop the lid of a sample bottle prior to sampling, what should you do?

A

Use a new container

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31
Q

What is the purpose of the lantern ring in a centrifugal pump?

A

Provide lubrication and cooling

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32
Q

What is the definition of Well drawdown?

A

Distance between static and pumping water level

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33
Q

What should be done with a water sample that cannot be analyzed in a timely manner

A

Refrigerate it

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34
Q

Which of the following source water with most likely contain cryptosporidium and giardia?

A

Stream

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35
Q

What is the purpose of chlorine residual?

A

Provides a safeguard to kill additional microorganism, encountered after treatment

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36
Q

Which of the following is equivalent to 3 log removal?

A

99.9%

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37
Q

How is turbidity measured?

A

Nephelommetric

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38
Q

Which chemical is used to dechlorinate water?

A

Sodium thiosulfate

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39
Q

What must you wear prior to being exposed to chlorine gas?

A

Self-contained, breathing apparatus, SCBA

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40
Q

What is the minimum chlorine concentration required prior to introducing the effluent from the surface water filtration plant to the distribution system?

A

0.2 ppm

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41
Q

Which of the following best describes a water table?

A

Upper water surface of an aquifer

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42
Q

The total coliform rule applies to which of the following water systems?

A

All public water systems

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43
Q

What is the purpose of a shaft sleeve in a pump?

A

Protects the shaft from wear at stuffing box

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44
Q

Why isn’t chlorine injected immediately prior to filtration?

A

Increases trihalomethane’s (THM)

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45
Q

What is a disinfection byproduct?

A

Trihalomethane

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46
Q

Which of the following is used to describe a well that is under pressure?

A

Artesian well

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47
Q

What would cause high concentration of nitrate in ground water?

A

Over fertilization of land

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48
Q

What is the purpose of the lead and copper rule?

A

Protect the public health by minimizing lead, and copper in drinking water, primarily by reducing water corrosivity

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49
Q

Which of the following is not affected by chlorine dose?

A

 Hardness

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50
Q

How long should you run the water before you grab the water sample?

A

2 to 3 minutes

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51
Q

Which of the following is a typical form of calcium hypochlorite?

A

65% solid tablet

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52
Q

Frosting around the outlet connection of a chlorine gas cylinder indicates which of the following?

A

Reduced flow of chlorine gas

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53
Q

Which of the following describes trickling of water from the ground surface towards the aquifer?

A

Percolation

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54
Q

What is a likely discharge of industrial waste found in surface water?

A

Organic solvents

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55
Q

Why shouldn’t you have zero pressure in a water main?

A

Back siphonage may contaminated the water main

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56
Q

What should be inside a simple bottle when obtaining a sample from a coliform test?

A

Sodium thiosulfate

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57
Q

If the MCL for a constituent is violated, who is responsible for notifying the customers about this?

A

Water purveyor

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58
Q

What is the typical concentration of sodium hypochlorite?

A

12.5%

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59
Q

If 2.5 mg/L of chlorine is dosed and there is 0.5 mg/L of residual. What is the reason for the residual?

A

The residual is present as a safeguard for unanticipated chlorine demand in the distribution system

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60
Q

Which of the following must always be done before repairing a pump?

A

Lock out equipment

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61
Q

Which of the following is least likely to affect the effectiveness of chlorine?

A

Sodium

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62
Q

Which of the following is considered safe to drink?
A. Colifirm found in 10% of samples
B. No pathogens.
C. TTHM at 1 mg/L
D. Lead at 1 mg/L

A

B. No pathogens.

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63
Q

Which reading must be taken in the field when obtaining a sample?
Hardness, color, conductance, or chlorine residual ?

A

Chlorine residual

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64
Q

Which of the following devices will give you the hydrogen ion concentration?

A

pH meter

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65
Q

Which of the following is the correct laboratory procedure? Add water to acid. Titrate water to acid. Mix acid with a pH of 2 with a base of pH 12. Or add acid to water.

A

Add acid to water

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66
Q

When dealing with a high-pressure pipeline, which must you do?

A

Open and close valve slowly

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67
Q

Which of the following water source is more likely to have iron and manganese? Lake, ground water, river, or stream?

A

Groundwater

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68
Q

Which will affect chlorine demand the most? Calcium, magnesium, sand, or turbidity and organics.

A

Turbidity and organics

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69
Q

Which will make chlorine more effective in water? Significant decrease in temperature. Constant temperature. Moderate increase in temperature. Or a slight decrease in temperature.

A

Moderate increase in temperature

70
Q

What are colloidal particles?

A

Very small particles that do not dissolve and remain dispersed in a liquid for a long time due to the small size and electrical charge.

71
Q

What is alkalinity?

A

The capacity of water to neutralize acid

72
Q

What does MCL stand for?

A

Maximum contaminant level

73
Q

What is the zone of saturation?

A

Aquifer

74
Q

What is a hydrologic cycle?

A

Continuous movement of water through out the planet

75
Q

What typically occurs at the beginning of a breakpoint chlorination curve?

A

Chlorine destroyed by reducing compounds

76
Q

What is the drawback of pre-chlorination?

A

Formation of THM’s

77
Q

How long should the tap remain turned off before grabbing a sample for a lead and copper test?

A

6 hours

78
Q

The secondary MCL is set for what purpose?

A

Aesthetic

79
Q

Which of the following will lead to an illness? Iron, manganese, color, or nitrate?

A

Nitrate

80
Q

What is the most likely cause of decreasing chlorine residual in the water main?

A

Bacteria and organics may be present

81
Q

What is the aquifer typically composed of?

A

Sand and gravel

82
Q

What is used to lower pH in water?

A

CO2

83
Q

What is the maximum allowable chlorine residual concentration in the distribution main?

A

4 mg/L

84
Q

Why is Trihalomethane considered to be harmful?

A

 It is carcinogenic

85
Q

Which of the following describes turbidity? In organic salts, calcium and magnesium, soluble iron and manganese, or cloudiness/haziness of a fluid caused by suspended solids?

A

Cloudiness/haziness of a fluid caused by suspended solids

86
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

Disease causing microorganism

87
Q

What is the impact of algae to water quality?

A

Taste and odor problems

88
Q

What is the concentration of chlorine gas?

A

100%

89
Q

Which of the following is not used to mix coagulants? Hydraulic mixing, mechanical mixing, diffuser, or horizontal paddle wheel?

A

Horizontal paddle wheel

90
Q

What is considered to be a quick remedy to address a sudden increase in filtered water turbidity?

A

Feed a filter aid chemical to filter influent

91
Q

What is the likely cause of a pinging noise in a pump?

A

Cavitation

92
Q

Which of the following controls the efficiency of removing suspended solids in the sedimentation process?
Minimizing mudball formation, sodium hydroxide, flow rate, or proper backwashing

A

Flow rate

93
Q

What is a sanitary survey?

A

An analysis to determine all potential water quality impacts to a proposed well

94
Q

Which of the following categories does bacteria belong to? Dissolved, settleable, inorganic, or colloidal.

A

Colloidal

95
Q

Under the surface water treatment rule what must the reduction of viruses be through filtration and disinfection?

A

99.99%

96
Q

Which of the following is not considered free residual chlorine?
Hypochlorous acid, Hypochlorite ion, monochloramine or chlorine

A

Monochloramine

97
Q

Why is coliform used as an indicator organism?

A

It reduces the complexity and cost of analysis

98
Q

What is an example of a non-community non-transient water system? School, rest, stop, subdivision or retirement community.

A

School

99
Q

What is the purpose of a packing in a pump?

A

Control the leakage of water along the pump shaft, and prevent air from entering along the shaft when the pump is in a suction lift condition

100
Q

What does the addition of carbon dioxide do to the pH of water?

A

Lowers it

101
Q

What is in unconfined aquifer?

A

One in which ground water possesses a free surface open to the atmosphere

102
Q

What is static water level in a well?

A

Water level when pump is not running

103
Q

Which of the following will least likely impact the formation of flocs during the coagulation and flocculation process? Alkalinity, pH, temperature or hardness

A

Hardness

104
Q

What is formed when free chlorine reacts with ammonia?

A

Chloramine

105
Q

Which contaminant causes blue baby syndrome?

A

Nitrate

106
Q

What is free chlorine?

A

The concentration of residual chlorine in water, which is present as dissolved gas (CL2), hypochlorous acid (HOCL), and/or hypochlorite ion (OCL)

107
Q

What is thermocline?

A

A thin but distinct layer in a Reservoir in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below

108
Q

What agency protects the health and safety in industrial employees

A

OSHA

109
Q

What is the first priority in water treatment?

A

Production of safe, drinking water

110
Q

What is the health effect of consuming water with high levels of lead?

A

Cardiovascular effects, increased blood pressure and incidence of hypertension

111
Q

What is an imaginary surface to which groundwater rises under hydrostatic pressure in wells or springs?

A

Piezometric surface

112
Q

What is used to evaluate new coagulants or polymers being considered for use at the plant?

A

Jar test

113
Q

What are the four zones of a clarifier?

A

Inlet, outlet, settling, sludge

114
Q

Which type of filtration process is approved by the surface water treatment rule? Nano filtration, conventional water treatment, ion exchange or microfiltration?

A

Conventional water treatment

115
Q

Which of the following impacts the color of source water?

A

Organics such as soil and leaves

116
Q

Coliform is most likely to be found in which of the following water supply? Lake, artesian, deep well, shallow well?

A

Lake

117
Q

What is the amount of water that can be withdrawn from an aquifer without significant environmental impact?

A

Safe yield

118
Q

pH Will increase if the following chemical is added to water.

A

Ammonia

119
Q

Which of the following is an unstable form of disinfection?

A

Ozonation

120
Q

How many stages are in break point chlorination curve?

A

4

121
Q

Chlorine demand is best described as which of the following?

A

Chlorine dose minus (-) chlorine residual

122
Q

What is an example of a natural organic matter?

A

Fallen leaves

123
Q

What is a typical characteristic of a colloidal particle in raw water?

A

Negative charge on the surface

124
Q

What is short circuiting in a clarifier?

A

Shorter settling time in basin

125
Q

What would cause a filter to begin backwashing?

A

Headloss

126
Q

What is the purpose of surface washing in the filtration unit?

A

Break up mud balls

127
Q

Where would you most likely see high levels of nitrate in the ground water supply?

A

Near agricultural land

128
Q

What is adsorption?

A

Constituent sticking to the surface of a substance

129
Q

In which part of the water treatment plant or 99% of the suspended solids removed?

A

Sedimentation and filtration

130
Q

Which of the following will most likely lead to the lower concentrations of the THM’s entry water? Chloramines, calcium hypochlorite, chlorine gas or sodium hypochlorite

A

Chloramines

131
Q

Which of the following is not true about the total coliform rule?
A. Uses a presence and absence approach.
B. Compliance is determined on a monthly basis.
C. Each total coliform positive routine sample must be tested for the presence of fecal coliforms.
D. Smaller systems that collect fewer than 40 samples cannot have coliform positive results in more than two samples per month.

A

Smaller systems that collect fewer than 40 samples cannot have coliform positive results in more than two samples per month

132
Q

Which of the following is true about feasible plugs on a chlorine container?

A

Never remove it

133
Q

What is the most common water quality complaint from customers?

A

Taste an odor problems

134
Q

What information should be identified on the sampling container?

A

Sampling location, date, and time

135
Q

What is the standard requirement for conventional and direct filtration

A

Filtered water must be less than or equal to 0.3 NTU in 95% of monthly measurements.

136
Q

What is the main drawback of using sodium hypochlorite to disinfect water?

A

Formation of THM’s

137
Q

What is one of the causes of hardness in water?

A

Calcium

138
Q

Which chemical is used to raise pH in water?

A

Soda ash

139
Q

What is the purpose of flocculation?

A

Slowly stir water to bring smaller flocs together to form, larger ones

140
Q

Which of the following range of pH is considered to be acidic?

A

0-6

141
Q

What is the term used to describe the upper layer of the stratified reservoir?

A

Epilimnion

142
Q

What is another name for the multiple tube fermentation test?

A

MPN

143
Q

What impact does precipitated manganese have on water?

A

Blackish water

144
Q

Which of the following is not part of the surface water treatment rule?
A. Applies to all public water systems using surface water, sources or ground water sources under the direct influence of surface water.
B. Requires most water systems to filter and disinfect water from surface water sources
C. Establishes Max contaminant level goals for viruses, bacteria, and Giardia
D. All water systems are allowed to use disinfection only for surface water sources that meet criteria for water quality and watershed protection.

A

All water systems are allowed to use disinfection only for surface water sources that meet criteria for water quality and watershed protection

145
Q

What is a typical characteristic of chlorine gas?

A

Greenish yellow color

146
Q

Which of the following is not true about the total coliform rule?
A. Each total coliform positive routine sample must be tested for the presence of fecal coliforms or E. coli.
B. If any routine sample is total coliform positive repeat samples are required.
C. Establishes a max contaminant level based on the presence or absence of total coliforms.
D. Monthly sampling requirements are not based on population service.

A

D. Monthly sampling requirements are not based on population in Served

147
Q

What can be done to minimize the formation of THM?

A

Eliminate or reduce chlorination before the filters

148
Q

What is the source of fecal coliform bacteria?

A

Feces

149
Q

What is the drawback of using UV for disinfection?

A

High energy cost

150
Q

What are the two types of aquifers?

A

Confined and unconfined

151
Q

What is a common problem associated with hardness in water?

A

Scaling

152
Q

What is the problem with very soft water?

A

Corrosion

153
Q

Why is it harmful to backwash at a high velocity?

A

Flushes some media into spent backwash water

154
Q

What occurs on the right side of the breakpoint chlorination curve?

A

Free available residual Chlorine will begin to form

155
Q

How does PAC remove contaminants from the water?

A

Adsorption

156
Q

Which entity is responsible for enforcing the drinking water standards?

A

State

157
Q

How is the rate of Headloss affected by a more uniform filter media?

A

Slower

158
Q

Which of the following is true about soluble iron and manganese?

A

Colorless

159
Q

What is the reason for adding coagulants at the flash mixer?

A

Neutralize negative charge on colloids

160
Q

Why would a water purveyor switch from chlorine gas to sodium hypochlorite?

A

Safety

161
Q

Which pathogen is smallest in size?
Bacteria, protozoa, cyst or virus

A

Virus

162
Q

Which of the following is not an example of a suspended solids?
Silt, decaying plants, animal matter, or soluble calcium

A

Soluble calcium

163
Q

Which of the following is not a type of a coliform test?
Multiple tube fermentation method, membrane filter method, DPD or colilert method

A

DPD 

164
Q

What is the definition of a public water system?

A

Publicly or privately owned water system that has at least 15 service connections, or regularly serves an average of at least 25 people daily at least 60 days per year.

165
Q

When is brilliant green bile used to test coliform?

A

Multiple tube fermentation method

166
Q

Which of the following is the correct order of treatment for a conventional water treatment plant?

A

Intake, coagulation, fluctuation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection

167
Q

What might happen if insufficient amounts of coagulants were injected into the flash mixer?

A

Some colloids may repel each other

168
Q

Which of the following is a grab sample?

A

Sample taken on a one time basis without consideration of flow or time

169
Q

What happens over the course of a filter runtime?

A

Headloss increases

170
Q

When is direct filtration used instead of conventional water treatment?

A

When source water is low in turbidity, color and coliform

Water Treatment (2 decks)

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