Practice questions

Question 1

1. How many chambers does the heart contain? What are they?

Answer 1

4, left and right ventricle and atrium (upper and lower chambers)

Question 2

2. Blood returning from the lungs enters into which chamber of the heart?

Answer 2

left atrium

Question 3

3. Which of the following accurately shows the electrical pathway through the heart?
   a. Purkinje fibers, SA node, AV node, bundle of His
   b. Purkinje fibers, bundle of His, AV node, SA node
   c. AV node, SA node, bundle of His, purkinje fibers
   d. SA node, AV node, bundle of His, purkinje fibers

Answer 3

d. SA node, AV node, bundle of His, purkinje fibers

Question 4

4. Which valve in the heart separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?

Answer 4

Tricuspid valve

Question 5

5. Which cardiac valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium?

Answer 5

Mitral valve, bicuspid valve

Question 6

6. What are the valves between the right atrium and right ventricle, and between the left atrium and left ventricle, respectively?

Answer 6

tricuspid valve: located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

mitral valve

Question 7

7. Which is the only valve in the heart to have two operational flaps?

Answer 7

mitral valve

Question 8

8. When blood moves from the right atrium to the right ventricle, it must pass through which heart valve?

Answer 8

tricuspid valve

Question 9

9. The firing of which group of cells initiates contraction of the left and right ventricles?

Answer 9

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Question 10

10. Which group of cells is responsible for the autoregulation of heart contraction?

Answer 10

pacemaker cells (sa node governs it)

Question 11

11. You encounter a patient that has an atrial-septal defect (ASD), in which a hole in the cardiac septum persists from cardiac development. Which of the chambers of the heart will not receive its normal volume of blood due to this condition?

Answer 11

The right atrium can receive more blood than it should, which can lead to increased blood volume in the right atrium. This extra blood can then be pumped into the right ventricle and, subsequently, into the lungs. The left atrium, on the other hand, may not receive its normal volume of blood because some of it is shunted into the right atrium and into the right side of the heart.

Question 12

12. Valves in the heart serve the chief function of preventing backflow during systole. Which of the following prevents blood from flowing from the right ventricle to the right atrium?

Answer 12

Tricuspid valve

Question 13

13. Systolic blood pressure measures __________.
    a. overall blood pressure in the brain
    b. the force of blood flow from the heart to the arteries
    c. force of blood flow during the “dub” heart sound
    d. amount of dissolved salts in the blood

Answer 13

the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats

B

Question 14

14. What is the definition of systole and diastole?

Answer 14

SYSTOLE- is the contraction of the muscle. DIASTOLE- is relaxation of the muscle

Question 15

15. Is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary, striated or not striated?

Answer 15

involuntary, striated

Question 16

16. Which of the following vessels has the highest concentration of oxygen? (pulmonary veins, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary arteries)

Answer 16

pulmonary veins

Question 17

17. What is the correct path through the circulatory system which describes the passage of blood originating in the left leg?

Answer 17

Vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 18

18. In terms of being open or closed, what is the state of the mitral and tricuspid valves (left and right atrioventricular valves, respectively) at the end of the first heart sound (Lub)?

Answer 18

The first heart sound, “Lub,” indicates that the heart has entered systole.

Systole is typically defined as ventricular contraction.

As the ventricles contract, the AV valves close to prevent regurgitation into the atria.

The first heart sound indicates the closure of the

Both are closed.

So, at the end of the first heart sound (S1), both the mitral and tricuspid valves are in the closed position, preventing the backflow of blood into the atria and allowing the ventricles to contract and pump blood out to the respective arteries.

Question 19

19. At the instant following the second heart sound, which heart valves are open?

Answer 19

All valves are closed during the second heart sound.

Question 20

20. What vessels carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart?

Answer 20

‘Pulmonary artery’ is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart.

Question 21

21. Which of the following processes occurs in the kidney?
    a. The kidney uses all of the listed processes
    b. Reabsorption
    c. Filtration
    d. Secretion

Answer 21

A

Question 22

22. The renal system does not play a direct role in regulating which of the following?
    a. Blood solute concentrations
    b. Blood temperature
    c. Blood pressure
    d. Blood pH

Answer 22

b. Blood temperature

Question 23

23. Which anatomical portion of a nephron connects the Bowman’s capsule to the loop of Henle?

Answer 23

Proximal convoluted tube

Question 24

24. Urine is formed in a three-step process. Give the correct order in which these steps take place in the nephron.

Answer 24

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

Question 25

25. Urine is stored in what part of the kidney before it moves to the bladder?

Answer 25

ureters

Question 26

26. What tube carres urine outside the body from the bladder?

Answer 26

Urethra

Question 27

27. What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 27

helps your body absorb oxygen from the air so your organs can work. It also cleans waste gases, such as carbon dioxide, from your blood. Common problems include allergies, diseases or infections.

Question 28

28. What forms first when carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water (H2 O)?

Answer 28

carbonic acid

Question 29

29. The functional unit of the lungs where gas exchange occurs is the

Answer 29

Alveoli

Question 30

30. Most carbon dioxide is carried in the blood as ___________.

Answer 30

bicarbonate

Question 31

31. List the correct pathway of air into the lungs to the site of gas exchange.

Answer 31

ir travels down your pharynx (back of your throat), passes through your larynx (voice box) and into your trachea (windpipe). Your trachea is divided into two air passages called bronchial tubes. One bronchial tube leads to your left lung, the other to your right lung

Question 32

32. Muscular dystrophy affects the functioning of skeletal muscle. As this disease advances, it can impair the contraction of the diaphragm and the muscles of the rib cage. What effect will this have on the ability of people with this disease to carry out gas exchange?

Answer 32

Decrease ability to exchange air into and out of the lungs therefore decreasing gas exchange. Progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles caused by genetic alterations fall into the category of muscular dystrophy.