HOMEOSTASIS

Question 1

Functions of the Urinary System:

Answer 1

1) To excrete nitrogenous wastes such as urea and uric acid
2) To maintain the water-salt balance in the blood
3) To maintain the acid-base balance of blood

Question 2

The kidneys are located on ___

Answer 2

either side of the spinal (vertebral
column) column, below the diaphragm!

Question 3

urine is formed in the ___

Answer 3

kidney

Question 4

Urine travels through ____to ____

Answer 4

Urine travels through the ureter to urinary
bladder

Question 5

Urine is stored in the ____

Answer 5

urinary bladder until it is
ready to be released out the urethra.

Question 6

In males, the urethra also carries sperm during
ejaculation.

Answer 6

• In females, the urinary and reproductive systems are
  separate

Question 7

Renal cortex

Answer 7

outer layer area

Question 8

Renal medulla

Answer 8

contains cone-shaped renal pyramids

Question 9

Renal pelvis

Answer 9

innermost hollow region where urine
collects before draining into ureter

Question 10

The primary function of the kidneys is to produce ____

Answer 10

urine

Question 11

each kidney is composed of ______

Answer 11

one
million tiny nephrons that actually produce the
urine.

Question 12

Glomeruli capsule

Answer 12

blood is filtered and molecules from the blood inside the Glomerulus filter into the capsule

Glomerulus allow easy passage of molecules to diffuse Water, urea, glucose, amino acids, uric acids, and salts enters

Question 13

Proximal convoluted tubule:

Answer 13

REABSORPTION

This tube is lined with cells that have many mitochondria and tightly packed microvilli
* The filtrate enters the proximal convoluted tubule.
* Reabsorption of filtrate occurs here. About 60 to 70% of nutrients, salt and water are reabsorbed here!

Question 14

Nephron Loop:

Answer 14

helps with water reabsorption

Question 15

Distal convoluted tubule:

Answer 15

helps begin the process of secretion
* Penicillin and H+ molecules are secreted into the urine
joins with the collecting duct .
Urine is made from water, urea, uric acid, salts, NH4+ and creatinine at this point

Question 16

5) Collecting duct connects to deliver urine to renal pelvis, Urine is made up of

Answer 16

Urine is made from water, urea, uric acid, salts, NH4+ and creatinine at this point

Question 17

Urine Formation

Answer 17

1. Filtration
   * Blood pressure forces small molecules from blood capillary into capsule—creates filtrate
   * Water, nutrients, salts, and urea
   * Next steps prevent loss of nutrients and water
2. Reabsorption of solutes
   * Substances move back into blood, out of filtrate
   * Selective process
   * Numerous mitochondria for active transport
   * Water follows as salt is reabsorbed
3. Secretion
   * Moving substances into filtrate
   * Uric acid, hydrogen ions, ammonia, and penicillin
   * Helps get rid of harmful substances not filtered

Question 18

1. Filtration

Answer 18

• Blood pressure forces small molecules from blood capillary into capsule—creates filtrate
• Water, nutrients, salts, and urea
• Next steps prevent loss of nutrients and water

Question 19

2. Reabsorption of solutes

Answer 19

• Substances move back into blood, out of filtrate
• Selective process
• Numerous mitochondria for active transport
• Water follows as salt is reabsorbed

Question 20

3. Secretion

Answer 20

• Moving substances into filtrate
• Uric acid, hydrogen ions, ammonia, and penicillin
• Helps get rid of harmful substances not filtered

Question 21

kidneys ___ bicarbonate ions and ____ hydrogen ions as
needed.

• If the blood is acidic, hydrogen ions are excreted and bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed.
• If the blood is basic, hydrogen ions are not excreted and bicarbonate ions are not reabsorbed.

Answer 21

reabsorb, excrete

Question 22

____ buffers hydrogen ions in urine.

Answer 22

Ammonia (NH3)
Ammonia is produced in tubule cells by the breakdown of amino acids.
* Phosphate provides another means of buffering hydrogen ions in urine.

Question 23

How to analyze a urine
sample?

Answer 23

• Color: dark = dehydrated
• Smell: sweet = indication of diabetes
• Cloudiness: more cloudy = higher risk of infection

Question 24

High level of glucose in urine indicates

Answer 24

Glucose: High levels of glucose in the urine may mean diabetes

Question 25

High level of protein in urine indicates

Answer 25

Protein: Protein should not be found in the blood. This is an indication of disease or kidney damage.

Question 26

• Air flows ___ and ____ lungs down its pressure gradient.

Answer 26

into and out of the

Question 27

Skeletal muscles, especially the diaphragm, _______.

Answer 27

change the volume of the
thoracic cage

Question 28

Atmospheric pressure –

Answer 28

pressure in atmosphere

Question 29

Intra-alveolar pressure

Answer 29

pressure of air in the alveoli (air sacs) of the
lungs; i.e., inside the body and lungs

Question 30

Intrapleural pressure

Answer 30

pressure existing in the pleural cavity between
the parietal pleura lining the pleural cavity and the visceral pleura
covering the outside of the lungs