Practice Questions Flashcards
Teeth are characterized as which type of tissue? A) connective B) epithelial C) nervous D) muscle E) none of the above
A) connective
A homeostatic negative feedback loop involves these components (in the correct order):
A) autocrine, paracrine, endocrine
B) sensor, integrating center, effector
C) drug, set point, dynamic constancy
D) negative control, sensor, positive control
B) sensor, integrating center, effector
The organ system principally involved regulation of growth is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Endocrine system B) Skeletal system C) Respiratory system D) Digestive system
A) Endocrine system
After eating a large meal, the homeostatic response includes which two elements (in the correct order)?
A) Low blood glucose, activation of pancreatic islets
B) Release of insulin, high blood glucose
C) Activation of pancreatic islets, low blood glucose
D) Release of insulin, activation of pancreatic islets
C) Activation of pancreatic islets, low blood glucose
When a membrane voltage changes from rest to depolarized, a voltage-gated sodium channel transitions from \_\_\_\_\_\_. A. inactivated to closed B. closed to open C. open to inactivated
B. closed to open
Axons typically
A) receive synapses from axons of other neurons
B) receive synapses from dendrites of other neurons
C) synapse on dendrites and cell bodies of other neurons
D) stimulate muscles in the CNS
C) synapse on dendrites and cell bodies of other neurons
The cells that form myelin in the CNS are the A) oligodendrocytes B) Schwann cells C) Nodes of Ranvier D) Protoplasmic astrocytes E) Microglia
A) oligodendrocytes
Bacterial meningitis is an inflammation of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A) subdural space B) subarachnoid space C) vertebral column D) dorsal root ganglia E) intra-parenchymal space
B) subarachnoid space
CSF is removed from the CNS in which two places?
A) Subdural space and superior sagittal sinus
B) Subarachnoid space and superior sagittal sinus
C) Arachnoid villi and vertebral plexus
D) The vertebral veins and the carotid arteries
E) none of the above
C) Arachnoid villi and vertebral plexus
The equilibrium potential for potassium [Ek] is usually close to the membrane potential [Em] and is due
to
A) hyperpolarization of the membrane
B) activation of the NA+K+ ATPase pumps
C) The opening of voltage-gated Cl- channels
D) Concentration gradients for NA+ and K+
E) None of the above
E) None of the above
K+ leak channels
A common excitatory neurotransmitter is A) GABA B) glutamate C) acetylcholine D) dopamine
B) glutamate
One of the most common sites for ischemic CVAs is A) the left middle cerebral artery B) the right middle cerebral artery C) The anterior communicating artery D) the basilar artery
A) the left middle cerebral artery
The meaning of decussation for a nervous system tract is to
A) remain on the ipsilateral side of the CNS
B) remain on the contralateral side of the CNS
C) cross from one side of the CNS to the other side
D) travel down the pyramidal tract
E) cross from one side of the body to the other side
C) cross from one side of the CNS to the other side
Pathways for pain and temperature A) only carry myelinated axons B) only carry unmyelinated axons C) synapse in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord D) none of the above
C) synapse in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
The tract that carries pain sensation is the
A) dorsal columns
B) ipsilateral tract to the cerebellum
C) spinothalamic tract
D) pyramidal tract
E) basal ganglia
C) spinothalamic tract
Effect of a lesion of the lateral spinothalamic tract in the thoracic spinal cord
A) impaired pain and temperature on the ipsilateral side of the body below the lesion
B) impaired pain and temperature on the contralateral side of the body below the
lesion
C) loss of all sensation bilaterally at the level of the lesion
D) none of the above
E) all of the above
B) impaired pain and temperature on the contralateral side of the body below the
lesion
Which of the following disorders involves the production of antibodies against the cholinergic receptors on the muscle endplate? A) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis B) motor neuron disease C) Parkinson’s disease D) myasthenia gravis E) ataxia F) Tourette’s syndrom
D) myasthenia gravis
The reflex arc involves
A) sensory axons entering the CNS at the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
B) acetylcholine release at muscle fibers
C) muscle spindles
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Which neurons provide cholinergic innervations in the periphery
A) Somatomotor neurons and postganglionic sympathetic neurons
B) Somatomotor neurons and preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons
C) Somatomotor neurons and postganglionic sympathetic neurons
D) Somatic motor neurons, preganglionic sympathetic and postganglionic
parasympathetic neurons
E) Postganglionic sympathetic neurons and adrenal medulla
B) Somatomotor neurons and preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons
D) Somatic motor neurons, preganglionic sympathetic and postganglionic
parasympathetic neurons
Many internal organs have dual innervations by the sympathetic and parasympathetic
systems, which may be complementary, cooperative or antagonistic. Which of the following
physiological functions of these two systems are cooperative:
A) micturition
B) salivary gland secretions
C) blood vessel constriction
D) heart rate
E) bronchial dilation
A) micturition
Which of the following cranial nerves have parasympathetic components A) oculomotor, trochlear, vagus B) oculomotor, vagus, glossopharngeal C) trigeminal, vagus, glossopharyngeal D) optic, glossopharyngeal, vagus E) oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal
B) oculomotor, vagus, glossopharngeal
A 55-year-old man with uncontrolled hypertension presented at the ED with a mild heart attack. Following full evaluation, it was decided to put him on a beta blocker. What is the
mechanism of action of a beta blocker?
A) This is a drug that blocks the nicotinic receptors of the vagus nerve in the heart
B) This is a drug that blocks the nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction in the
heart
C) This is a drug that blocks the adrenergic (Beta-2) receptors at the heart muscle
D) This is a drug that blocks the adrenergic (Beta-1) receptors at the heart muscle
E) This is a drug that blocks the nicotinic receptors at the adrenal medulla thereby
reducing epinephrine release
D) This is a drug that blocks the adrenergic (Beta-1) receptors at the heart muscle
The dorsal root ganglion houses the cell bodies of the A) sympathetic nervous system B) Parasympathetic nervous system C) somatosensory system D) lower motor neurons E) cerebrocerebellar pathway
C) somatosensory system
Sweat glands receive
A) Only preganglionic sympathetic innervation
B) Only postganglionic sympathetic innervation
C) Only postganglionic parasympathetic innervation
D) Only lower motor neuron innervation
E) No direct innervation for its secretory actions
B) Only postganglionic sympathetic innervation
