Practice Questions Flashcards
What is the treatment for low grade intestinal lymphoma in cats?
Combination of chlorambucil and prednisolone
What is the CHOP therapy protocol for dogs and cats?
Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and prednisolone - used for high grade intestinal lymphoma in dogs and in cats
What classes of bacteria are typically found in cats bite abscesses?
Anaerobes
What is toxoplasmosis gondii a public health concern?
Infants may be infected in utero and later
What occurs in a Polydactyly cat?
The cat has an opposable thumb - normally cats don’t
What drug causes fatal pulmonary oedema within cats?
Cisplatin
How does Tritrichomonas foetus appear and how would you treat it?
Flagellated parasite - normally treated with Ronidazole
What can yohimbine be used to reverse?
Alpha 2 agonists such as xylazine
What can naloxone be used to reverse?
mu agonists
What drug should be used for the treatment of ear mites in cats?
Milbemycin
Name the disease that is shown below:
Toxoplasmosis
For feline odontoclastic reabsorption what should be done once you see them?
Dental radiographs - lesions can be internal and external so dental radiographs should be taken to examine the extent of lesions
For skin fragility syndrome in cats:
- Describe the physiology
- State how you would make a diagnosis
- Poorly regulated diabetes mellitus due to hyperA. Hyper A → insulin resistance
- Diagnosis is supported by abdominal ultrasound - hypertrophied/enlarged adrenal glands
What is the treatment of choice for chylous pleural effusion that isn’t responding to medical management?
Ligation of the thoracic duct and a pericardectomy
What treatment should be prescribed to a cat that has suffered pyrethrin toxicity?
Methacarbamol
What disease is most likely to cause chemosis in a cat?
Chlamydophila felis
What are the two main structures responsible for stabilising the tarsus?
The medial and lateral collateral ligaments (if it luxated one way then the opposite ligament has been affected)
For Cytauxzoon felis:
- State how it can be prevented
- How do cats typically present
- How do they appear
- What is the treatment recommendation?
- Dilgent tick prevention + restrict access of cat to the outdoors
- Cats present w/ pyrexia, icterus/pallor, anaemia + thrombocytopenia
- Signet ring shape
- Hard to treat - atovaquone (antimalarial drug) and azithromycin
What drug should be used to reverse medetomidine?
Atipamazole
What is the treatment of choice for hairballs in a cat?
Laxatone
What is the best treatment for Mycoplasma in cats?
- Doxycycline - treatment of choice (can cause oesophageal strictures - remember to give water following administration of the drug)
For ringworm infection in cats:
- Name the cause and how you would diagnose it?
- How would you treat it?
- Fungi flurosceses blue under woods lamp
- Topical therapy (Lyme-sulfur dip and anti fungal shampoo - Miconazole) combined with oral antifungals (itraconazole and fluconazole)
What is the most common cause of oral ulceration in cats?
Feline Calicivirus
What should be done to stage mammary carcinomas in a cat?
Thoracic radiographs
What is an SSRI that could be prescribed for cats?
Fluoxetine (Prozac) - antidepressant and SSRI treats anxiety related disorders
How does the prognosis for mammary gland tumours vary for dogs and cats?
- Mammary tumours in cats carry a very poor prognosis - they almost always have metastasised
- Dogs - 50/50
What are three side effects of clomiprimine?
Vomiting, constipation, and anorexia
Describe three tests that would be diagnostic for cryptococcus in a cat:
- High latex agglutination titres on serum and CSF taps
- Numerous small yeasts with large capsules on a CSF tap
How long is the inter-oestrous period in a cat?
Usually about 7-21 days
Describe the pathophysiology of a Black widow spider bite:
Make a toxin that binds to Ca channels → increased membrane permeability and enhances depolarisation → ascending motor paralysis + destruction of nerve endings occur
Why is Ketoconazole not indicated in cats?
Ketoconazole is known to make cats vomit
Name the yeast that is shown below:
Microsporum Canis (known to be a cause of ringworm)
What is the best diagnostic test for confirming an FIP infection in a cat?
Immunofluorescence staining for coronavirus
What is the most common cause of cat scratch disease in humans?
Bartonella henselae
Name a drug that can be used to induce emesis in cats:
Xylazine
What treatment should be recommended for megacolon in cats?
Cisapride and psyllium
What treatments should be given to manage a asthmatic cat acutely?
Parenteral terbutaline with supplemental
What is the holding layer of the abdominal cavity?
External Rectus Sheath
What is the holding layer of the GI tract?
The submucosa is the holding layer
What breeds of cat are predisposed to having a type B blood type?
- Cornish Rex, British Short hair and Devon Rex → all are predisposed to having type B (type B has V.high anti A - important to consider these breeds in blood transfusion reactions)
What is the prognosis for small ventricular septal defects in cats?
Typically a very good prognosis - no treatment is required
What is the most common cause of post-anaesthetic cortical blindness in cats?
Hypoxia
What drug is typically given as a premedication to reduce salivary secretions for ease of intubation in cats?
Atropine - anticholinergic → decreased salivary secretions
What stain should be used to differentiate between Nocardia and Actinomyces?
Acid fast stain
What is the causative agent for Lyme’s disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
What is the cause of Heinz body anaemia in cats?
Acetominophen toxicity
What is the vector for tularaemia?
Ticks
What are the differences between Heartworm infection of cats compared to dogs?
Cats are more likely to have migration to ectopic regions (the heart and the pulmonary arteries)
What virus is lingual ulceration associated with in cats?
Calicivirus Infection
What is Symblepharon and what is it typically associated with?
Adhesion of part of the conjunctiva onto the cornea/limbus in cats with herpesvirus induced epithelial erosions
What can be supplemented to reduce the rate of replication of Herpesvirus in cats?
Lysine
What type of diet would be recommended for diabetes mellitus in a cat?
Should recommend a low carbohydrate diet
What diet would you recommend for management of diabetes in a dog?
High fibre diets are useful for regulation of diabetes in the dog
What are the two types of Demodex mites that are found in cats. Briefly compare them:
- Demodex gatoi and Demodex cati are the two mites found in cats
- Demodex gatoi is short and stubby, whereas Demodex cati is long and slender
- Demodex gatoi is contagious to other cats and is pruritic
For Gnathostoma:
- Describe the appearance
- What is the intermediate host?
- Where does the parasite live?
- How do humans get it?
- How is it prevented?
- 3cm worm with a spiny head
- Small Copepod host
- Adult worm lives in the mucosa of stomach + causes gastritis
- Caused by ingestion of fish or other animals in humans
- Control is by preventing cats from hunting in areas. Treatment is by albendazole
Name a drug that is poorly absorbed by the GI tract in cats:
Neomycin
What is the gold standard treatment for hyperthyroidism?
I-31 therapy (radioactive iodine administration)
What is a physiologic leukogram in cats?
- Epinephrine mediated response in cats - excited upon entering a vet clinic
- Mild neutrophilia combined with normal to increased lymphocytes and no monocytosis
When are Howell jolly bodies seen in cats?
- Small spherical remnants left behind when nucleus is expelled during maturation
- Low numbers in horses/cats
- Increased in animals receiving glucocorticoids/chemotherapy
What is the cause of Heinz body anaemia in cats?
Acetaminophen/onion/garlic
What condition is caused by Mycoplasma haemphilus in cats and how should it be treated?
- Blood born infection → anaemia in cats
- Treated with AB’s e.g. Doxycycline + enrofloxacin
What is the treatment for acetaminophen (paracetamol) in cats?
- N-Acetylcysteine, SAMe, Vitamin C and supportive care
What are the clinical signs typically seen with Cryptoccosus in cats and where do they typically acquire the infection from?
- Develop a swelling over the bridge of the nose and lesions in the retinas
- Cryptococcus is found in pigeon droppings
What is the most common cause of cataracts in cats?
Anterior uveitis
