Practice Hindlimb Questions Flashcards
A complete fracture of a tuber calcanei (with separation of the tuber from the remainder of the calcaneus ) would most greatly impair an animal’s ability to:
Extend the stifle
The primary combined action of the internal obturator, external obturator, and gemellus muscles is to:
Rotate the pelvic limb
The primary action of the triceps brachii muscle is to
Extend the elbow
A pin placed in the calcaneus to stabilize the tuber calcanei would most likely pass through tendons of the.
gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor
Transecting the patellae ligament, parapatellar retinacula, and fascia lata of the right pelvic limb would most likely result in:
Increased tension on the long digital extensor tendon
To inject a drug into the stifle joint of a dog so that the injected solution would enter the synovial space between patella and femur, femur and tibia, and tibia and proximal fibula (without having to diffuse,- through synovial membranes), what is the minimum number of injections that could be given?
One
The muscle that most completely covers the distolateral surface of the femur is the
Biceps Femoris
The cranial preputial muscle is a partially isolated portion of the.
Cutaneous trunci
. Most growth in height of a young dog occurs in the distal portion of the humerus and femur This growth occurs in the:
Physes
Concerning the stifle joint, which statement is least accurate?
The tendon of origin of the deep digital flexor is attached to the distal end of the femur.
From a lateral approach, separation of which two muscles would expose the lateral surface of the femoral bone?
biceps femoris and vastus lateralis
When removing the entire distal phalanx of each digit during declawing of cats, you sever the tendons of insertion of the:
deep digital flexor and long digital extensor muscles
Which muscle of dogs does not normally have a sesamoid bone associated with its tendon?
Cranial Tibial
Concerning the anatomic structure and function of the limbs, which statement is least accurate?
The gastrocnemius muscle also flexes the digit
To most completely reveal the dorsal aspect of the hipjoint, which muscle must be detached and its tendon of insertion retracted?
Deep Gluteal
If the common calcaneal tendon of an animal is ton (separated), the animal loses most of its ability to;
Extend the hock
Movement of the proximal portion of the tibia caudally, relative to the femur, is an indication of a torn:
Caudal Cruciate Ligament
Which bone or portion of bone in the thoracic limb is least stressed by the weight of the animal during the support phase of locomotion?
Ulna
Tearing and separation of the tendon of insertion of which muscle would most seriously impair an animal’s ability to stand on the affected limb?
Quadriceps Femoris
The patella normally is:
positioned proximal to the femorotibial joint space
Reflection of the tensor fasciae latae and sartorius cranially, middle and deep gluteus dorsally, and vastus lateralis distocaudally would reveal the.
cranial surface of the hip joint capsule
If you wished to place a long cannula into the pulmonary trunk without surgically entering the pleural or peritoneal cavities, the most appropriate vascular approach would be via the.
Left Femoral Vein
A dog with enlarged superficial inguinal and axillary lymph nodes and normal superficial cervical and popliteal lymph nodes would most likely have an infection in its:
Mammary glands
Dorsocranial placement of the proximal femur indicates that
an intracapsular ligament is ruptured
In a dog with a severed common calcaneal tendon, an adjacent structure that should be examined for damage is the.
Tibial Nerve
A transverse incision through the skin of the plantar surface of the calcaneus, distal to the insertion of the common calcaneal tendon, would most likely damage the.
Superficial Digital Flexor tendon
Which one of the following is a unique feature of the pelvic limb (as compared with the thoracic limb)?
Manner of attachment if the limb to the trunk
The condyles of the femur articulates with the
condyles of the tibia
Which tarsal bone provides a lever for the muscles that extend the hock
Calcaneus
Which ligament attaches to the fovea capitis on the head of femur
Ligament of the head of the femur
Which ligament attach ti the intercondylar areas of the tibia ?
Cranial and caudal tibial ligaments
Rupture of which one of the following stile ligament would most likely result in excessive lateral motion of the tibia?
Medial Collateral Ligament
Which tarsal joint is correctly paired with the bones that form it?
Proximal intertarsal joint: Talus and central tarsal bone medially and the calcaneus and tarsal bone IV laterally
Which statement regarding the flexor surfaces of the pelvic limb joints is correct?
They alternate from cranial to caudal from the hip through the tarsus
What is the action of muscles on the caudal surface of the thigh?
Flex the stifle
Which one of the following statements correctly describes the action of the crural ligament?
The major extensors of the digits are also flexors of the tarsus
Which muscle is positioned laterally on the crus and attaches at the plantar surface along the full width at the metasrus?
Peroneus Longus
Which muscle positioned deeply on the proximocadual surface of the crus extend between the lateral femoral condyle and the proximal medial tibia, possesses a sesamoid bone in the its long tendon or origin, and acts to rotate the crus?
Popliteus
Which of the following parts of the quardriceps femoris differs the most from the others on the basis of attachments?
Rectus Femoris
Which pelvic limb muscle extends the hip, stifle, and hock and flexes the stifle?
Biceps femoris muscle
Which artery arises from the femoral artery and passes distally along the medial surface of the thigh, terminating by dividing into cranial and caudal branches that contribute to the arterial supply of the paw?
Saphenous Artery
What is the sequence of the main channel arterial flow to the lateral pelvic (gluteal) region?
Internal iliac artery, caudal gluteal arter
What artery arises from the main arterial channel to the pelvic limb while the main channel is still inside the abdominal cavity the adductor, vastus medialis, and semimembranosus muscles?
Deep Femoral
If blood flow to the semimbranosus muscle via the caudal gluteal artery were compromised, which one of the following vessels could potentially supply collateral flow to this muscle and the other members of its group?
Distal Caudal Femoral Artery
Arterial flow to the pes would be mist compromised by interruption of blood flow through which of the following arteries?
Dorsal pedal and saphenous arteries
While performing surgery on a black labrador retriever, a veterinarian accidentally lacerates the lateral circumflex femoral artery in the proximal thigh. Which one the following muscles would be most compromised ?
Quadriceps Femoris Muscle
The efferent vessesls of the popliteal lymph node pass of the
superficial inguinal lymph node
The Lumboscaral plexus is formed from
the ventral roots of L3-L7 ans S1-S3
Which one of the following nerves includes both motor an sensory fibers in its composition?
Lateral cutaneous femoral nerve
Trauma to the greater trochanter of the femur would affect muscles innervated by the
cranial gluteal muscle
Injury to the sciatic nerve at a level just proximal to its division into tibial and common peroneal nerves would most likely impair the dog’s ability to”:
extend the digits and flex the hock
Which one of the following nerves has a motor component in the dog but not in the bitch?
Genitofemoral nerve
Which nerve innervates the outward rotators of the hip?
Sciatic Nerve
Which one of the following nerves is located in the femoral triangle alongside the femoral artery and femoral vein?
Saphenous nerve
Compromises of the obturator nerve would most directly affect the ability of the pelvic limb to
be pulled medially
According to position on the dorsal surface on the paw in the space between the second and third metatarsal bones?
Dorsal Metatarsal Nerve II
The plantar common digital nerves carry fibers from the
Sciatic Nerve
What is the large bony protuberance that is palpable at the proximal lateral end of the femur, just cadual to the hip joint?
Greater Trochanter
What nerve is palpable subcutaneously against the head of the fibula?
Common peroneal nerve
Which tarsal bone can be individually palpated?
Calcaneus
Which one of the following muscles would be palpable on the lateral side of the caudal surface of the proximal tibia?
Lateral Head of the gastrocnemius
Which of the following major nerves of the pelvic limb is NOT readily visualized through most of its course?
Femoral Nerve
Sesamoid bones are associated with all of the following muscles of the pelvic limb EXCEPT the:
Semitendinosus muscle
Which of the following structures is NOT a feature of the femur?
Greater Tubercle
All of the following statements regarding the tibia are true except?
The Tibial Tuberosity forms the medial malleolus
All of the following statements regarding the femur are true EXCEPT:
The aspera surface is a roughened area covering most of the cranial femoral surface
The Talus articulates with all of the following bones EXCEPT the
metatarsal bone II
All of the following muscles act on the tarsus EXCEPT the
Lateral Digital Extensor
Which of the following muscles does NOT include stifle extension among its action?
Caudal belly of the sartorius
Which amoung the following is NOT characteristic of the three gluteal muscles as a group?
Innervation
Traumatic interruption of flow in the distal caudal femoral artery would compromise flow to all of the following structures EXCEPT the
peroneus longus muscle
Which statement regarding the saphenous veins is INCORRECT?
Both pass deeply and terminate just as they reach the stifle
Which of the following structures is NOT a palpable feature at the caudal surface of the stifle
Pulse in the popliteal artery
Which tarsal bone provides a lever for the muscles that extend the hock:
Calcaneus
Which artery arises from the femoral artery and passes distally along the medial surface of the thigh terminating into the cranial and caudal branches that contribute to the lateral and medial plantar arteries in the horse?
Saphenous artery
Trauma to the greater trochanter of the femur of the dog will affect muscles innervated by the
Cranial gluteal nerve
Which of the following muscles may not extend the stifle joint?
Common Digital Extensor
