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Anatomy Class 2 > Practice final > Flashcards

Practice final Flashcards

1
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is a single-celled, consists of cuboidal or columnar epithelium, and is attached to the basement membrane?

A

D. Stratum germinativum

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2
Q

Which layer of the skin contains the sweat glands?

A

D. Dermis

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3
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

A

C. Production of red blood cells

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4
Q

Which techniques alternatively deform and release tissue at varying rhythms and pressure?

A

C. Percussive techniques

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5
Q

True or False? Profuse sweating, washing, and bathing can significantly alter the normal resident microorganisms or flora on the skin

A

False (NOT)

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6
Q

True or False? Glandular secretions increase with age

A

False (Decrease)

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7
Q

True or False? Massage can increase local blood and lymph flow

A

True

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8
Q

True or False? Psychoneuroimmunologic effects are those caused by physically moving the tissue.

A

False (NOT)

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9
Q

The nerves that carry impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system are which of the following?

A

B. Afferents

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10
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves branch off from the spinal cord to the rest of the body?

A

B. 31

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11
Q

Which part of the brain is divided into the four lobes: temporal, occipital, parietal, and frontal?

A

C. Cerebrum

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12
Q

Which part of the brain is divided into the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain and controls basic bodily functions?

A

B. Brainstem

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13
Q

The automatic nervous system has two divisions: the ____ and the ___

A

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

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14
Q

The peripheral nervous system is divided into the ___, the ___,
and the ____ nervous system

A

Sensory, Somatic, Autonomic

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15
Q

Twelve pairs of ___ relay sensory input from the head and neck to the brain

A

Cranial Nerves

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16
Q

True or False the trigeminal nerve carries sensations of touch and pressure

A

True

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17
Q

True or False? The median nerve innervates the thumb and first two fingers and lateral half of the third finger

A

True

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18
Q

True or False? With age comes a steady loss of neurons in the brain and spinal cord

A

True

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19
Q

True or False? Massage therapy cannot provide pain relief

A

False ( they can)

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20
Q

____ glands secrete into ducts connected to body cavities,

Organ lumens, or outside the body

A

Exocrine

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21
Q

The primary stimulus for insulin secretion is an increase in blood___ levels

A

Glucose

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22
Q

The ___ gland is located posterior to the sternum and is important for immunity,
containing lymphocytes in various stages of development

A

Thymus

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23
Q

The hormone ___ is secreted by the stomach when peptides and amino acids are present in the partly digested food

A

Gastrin

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24
Q

True or False? The “fight or flight” response occurs during the resistance phase if the stress response

A

False (alarm phase)

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25
Q

True or False? Hormones that enter the circulatory system and have effects on cells far away are known as local hormones

A

False (circulating hormones)

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26
Q

True or False? Usually, each cell has as many as 2,000 to 10,000 receptors for a specific hormone

A

True

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27
Q

True or False? Water-soluble hormones easily pass through the cell membrane to enter cells

A

False (cannot pass easily)

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28
Q

True or False? Most endocrine gland secretions are controlled by negative feedback mechanism

A

True

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29
Q

Which of the following correctly traces the path sperm travels from the testis to outside of the body?

A

A. Epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

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30
Q

Which gland contributes approximately 60% of the seminal fluid?

A

C. Seminal vesicle

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31
Q

Which part of the penis is removed in circumcision?

A

D. Prepuce (foreskin)

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32
Q

Reproduction function begins with the onset of ___, which is the final maturation of the reproductive system

A

Puberty

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33
Q

In both sexes, the ____ remain dormant until they are activated by secretions from the pituitary during this period

A

Gonads

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34
Q

The glandular portion of the breast is known as the ___

A

Mammary gland

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35
Q

The reflex by which milk is secreted when an infant suckles the nipples is known as the ____

A

Milk let down reflux

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36
Q

True or False? The fetal period is the time between the start of the third week to the end of the eighth week of pregnancy

A

False (9th week until birth)

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37
Q

True or False? The temperature of the testes within the scrotum is is maintained slightly above that of the body

A

False (lower temp)

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38
Q

True of False? In benign prostatic hyperplasia, the prostate shrinks to half its original size

A

False (enlarges)

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39
Q

Which type of blood cells stains pink with acid dyes and is highly toxic for parasites?

A

Eosinophil

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40
Q

The process by which a white blood cell engulfs a foreign agent into its cytoplasm and destroys it is known as _____

A

Phagocytosis

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41
Q

The fall in blood pressure and dizziness caused by suddenly standing up is known as orthostatic or postural ____

A

Hypotension

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42
Q

True or False? Normal diastolic pressure is about 120 mm Hg

A

False (80 mm Hg)

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43
Q

True or False? If peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure must be increased to maintain flow

A

True

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44
Q

True or False? Those who have had long-term aerobic training have smaller hearts

A

False (larger, stronger hearts)

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45
Q

True or False? The process of forming new blood vessels is known as angiogensis

A

True

46
Q

True or False? With age, there is less of a tendency for the blood to clot

A

False (Increased)

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT used by the lymphatic system to move fluid toward the neck?

A

B. A lymphatic pump, similar to the heart

48
Q

The lymphocytes that mature in the thymus are known as which of the following?

A

D. T lymphocytes

49
Q

Which type of T cells help activate the B cells to produce antibodies?

A

A. Helper/inducer T cells

50
Q

Tiny lymph vessels that bring lymph into the lymph node are known as which of the following?

A

A. Afferent Vessels

51
Q

The flat, long structure located in the mediastinum (between the lungs) that is the first organ to begin the manufacture of lymphocytes is which of the following?

A

C. Thymus

52
Q

The inguinal nodes are located in which region?

A

D. Lower extremity

53
Q

The massage technique that involves kneading lightly with the fingertips or hand to soften areas of hardened edema is which of the following ?

A

A. Compression

54
Q

Which is the correct order for performing lymph drainage strokes to the upper extremity?

A

B. Deltoid, upper arm, forearm, hand

55
Q

Which type of immunity is genetically determined?

A

D. Innate

56
Q

Which of the following is considered an autoimmune disorder, in which the immune system mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues?

A

B. Rheumatoid arthritis

57
Q

The ___ collects lymph from

Thr right side of the body superior to the diaphragm

A

Right lymphatic duct

58
Q

____ are small organs that filter large particles and remove foreign substances before the lymph empties into the veins

A

Lymph nodes

59
Q

True or False? Lymph capillaries are highly permeable and allow large particles to easily enter the vessels

A

True

60
Q

True or False? The spleen is the largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body

A

True

61
Q

True or False? Massage over lymph nodes increases edema

A

False (decreases)

62
Q

True or False? In manual lymph drainage, all strokes move in the opposite direction of lymph flow

A

False ( In the direction)

63
Q

Which of the following is suited to clean the air that enters the nasal cavity and to bring it to body temperature and humidity?

A

C. Nasal epithelium

64
Q

Which of the following are the cavities present in the lateral and superior walls of the nasal cavity?

A

B. Paranasal sinuses

65
Q

The region that extends between the posterior part of the nasal cavity and the larynx is which of the following?

A

D. Pharynx

66
Q

Which of the following is also known as the wind pipe?

A

A. Trachea

67
Q

Which structure moves posteriorly with each swallow to close the narrow opening of the larynx to prevent entry of food into the larynx

A

C. Epiglottis

68
Q

The vocal cords are actually which of the following?

A

B. Ligament

69
Q

The part of the thoracic cavity that lies between the lungs is known as which of the following?

A

Mediastinum

70
Q

The major muscle or muscles of inspiration is/are the _____

A

B. Diaphragm

71
Q

Which of the process of respiration involves the absorption of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide from the air spaces in the lung and pulmonary capillaries?

A

C. External respiration

72
Q

The posterior part of the tongue contains some lymphoid tissue known as the ___

A

Lingual tonsils

73
Q

Bronchi located outside the lungs are known as ____ bronchi

A

Extrapulmonary

74
Q

The areas in the medulla and pons of the brain that are responsible for involuntary control of breathing are known as the ____

A

Respiratory centers

75
Q

Clients with breathing difficulty or requiring sinus drainage maybe more comfortable in ___ Possession, in which the head and is raised 30 to 90°, with the hips and knees slightly flexed

A

Fowlers

76
Q

True or False? A normal adult has a respiratory rate of about 60 breaths per minute

A

False (12-18)

77
Q

True or False? The level of oxygen, Carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ions can alter respiration

A

True

78
Q

True or False? Temperature can affect respiratory rate

A

True

79
Q

True or False? The elderly rely on movement of the diaphragm more than chest wall movement

A

True

80
Q

True or False? Massage can slow down respiratory rate

A

True

81
Q

Which layer of the mucosa consist of connective tissue, glands, nerve endings, blood vessels, and lymphoid tissue?

A

B. Lamina propria

82
Q

The wave of muscular contraction that travels along the length of the digestive track is known as ____

A

D. Peristalsis

83
Q

The process of swallowing is known as ____

A

A. Deglutition

84
Q

The passage from the middle ear to the pharynx that equalizes the air pressure between the atmosphere in the middle ear is which of the following?

A

D. Eustachian tube

85
Q

The proximal region of the stomach, close to esophagus, is known as the _____

A

A. Cardia

86
Q

The area the stomach that forms the curve of the “J” Near the sphincter that opens into the duodenum is there ___

A

B. Pylorus

87
Q

The part of the small intestine that joins to the large intestine is which of the following?

A

C. Ileum

88
Q

The function of the ___ Is to store and concentrate bile that is secreted by the liver

A

B. Gallbladder

89
Q

The Denton of a tooth is covered by a layer of ___, Which is a crystalline form of calcium phosphate

A

Enamel

90
Q

Saliva is secreted by the ___

A

Salivary glands

91
Q

After being processed by the stomach, food is known as ___

A

Chyme

92
Q

The final portion of the colon is known as the ____ colon

A

Sigmoid

93
Q

True or False? About 90% of absorption occurs in the large intestine

A

False (small intestine)

94
Q

True or False? Gastrin, a hormone secreted by cells in the stomach, simulates gastric motility and secretion

A

True

95
Q

True or False? The Krebs cycle as a series of chemical reactions facilitated by different enzymes that occur in the matrix of the Mitochondria

A

True

96
Q

The study of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the kidney is which of the following?

A

B. Nephrology

97
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

A

D. Manufactures enzymes that help with the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

98
Q

The indentation in the kidney that faces mediately is the ____

A

D. Hilum

99
Q

From deep to superficial, which is the correct order of layers covering the kidney?

A

A. Renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia

100
Q

The cup-shaped structures Into which any urine that is formed in the kidney drains are known as the ___

A

C. Renal calyces

101
Q

The large pores between the endothelial cells of the

capillaries in the glomerulus are known as which of the following?

A

B. Fenestrations

102
Q

What percentage of urine is water?

A

D. 93% to 97%

103
Q

In which segment of the nephron is about 60% to 70% of the water from the tubular fluid reabsorbed?

A

B. Proximal convoluted tubule

104
Q

The smooth muscle of the bladder wall is which of the following?

A

C. Detrusor muscle

105
Q

The renal artery, renal vein, lymphatics, and renal nerves enter and leave the kidney at the ____

A

Hilum

106
Q

Together, the glomerular capsule and the glomerulus are known as the ____

A

Renal corpuscle

107
Q

True False? If all of the nephrons in a kidney were laid end to end, they will extend about 90 miles

A

True

108
Q

True or False? Urine is a sterile fluid

A

True (inside the body)

109
Q

True or False? The filtration membrane of the nephron allows large structures such as proteins to pass through

A

False (not proteins)

110
Q

True or False? The band of circular skeletal muscle that surround the urethra as it passes through the pelvic floor is the external urethral sphincter

A

True

111
Q

True or False? One effect of massage is the potential decrease of urine production

A

False (increase)

Anatomy Class 2 (4 decks)

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