Practice Exam 3

Question 1

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 1

Autoimmune disease in which the body destorys the insulin producing cells of the pancreas. Without insulin the body cant regulate blood glucose, as a result blood glucose levels become very high.

Question 2

Clinical presentation of patients w/type 1 diabetes?

Answer 2

Polydipsia-intense thirst despite drinking plenty of fluids
Polyphagia-excessive eating from excess hunger, increased appetite
Polyuria- increased urination
Weight loss

Question 3

Long-term health consequences of type 1 diabetes

Answer 3

-Peripheral and autonomic neuropathies, retinopathy leading to blindness, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, kidney disorders, chronic skin ulcers, and poor healing capablity

Question 4

Individuals with type 1 or type 2 are at increased risk of

Answer 4

Tendon pathology, joint problems in hands and feet, osteomyelitis (bone infection), postoperative infection, osteoporosis ( weak/brittle bones), and fx

Question 5

Which is more common in type 1 diabetes, hypo or hyper glycemia?

Answer 5

Hypoglycemia

Question 6

What is hypoglycemia and when does it occur usually?

Answer 6

Low blood glucose, usually occurs during physical exertion when athlete takes insulin dose and forgets to eat. High levels of insulin.

Question 7

Hypoglycemia (aka insulin shock) S&S

Answer 7

Blood glucose <70mg/dL
Sudden onset
Headache
Hunger but not thirst
Blurred vision
Dizziness
Decreased performance
Autonomic signs (pallor, diaphoresis(excessive sweating), tachycardia, tremors)
Fatigue
Slurred speech
Confusion

Question 8

When do indv. Typically begin showing signs of hypoglycemia and how do you treat it?

Answer 8

-show signs and symptoms when blood glucose levels drop to 50-60 mg/dL
-stop activity immediately and consume 15-20g of carbohydrates

Question 9

Give examples of fast acting sources of carbohydrates (15g)

Answer 9

-glucagon gel
-glucagon tablets
- 4 oz. apple/orange juice
- 2 tbsp raisins
- 1 tbsp sugar/honey

Question 10

What is hyperglycemia?

Answer 10

Low levels of insulin, high levels of blood glucose

Question 11

List factors that can increase glucose levels

Answer 11

Emotional stress
Illness/injury
Change in activity level
Medication
Missed insulin dose

Question 12

Hyperglycemia (diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic “coma” or diabetic hyperosmolar state) S&S

Answer 12

Blood glucose > 200mg/dL
Gradual onset
Abdominal pain
Thirsty but not hungry
Fruity odor on breath (acetone)
Dehydration
Lethargy
Confusion
Loss of consciousness (coma)

Question 13

Expectorant

Answer 13

Used to treat coughs by clearing mucus from airways

Question 14

Antipyretic

Answer 14

Used to prevent/reduce fever

Question 15

Antihistamine

Answer 15

Meds that treat allergy symptoms by blocking the effects of histamine

Question 16

Antitussive

Answer 16

Cough suppressants, prevents the urge to cough by working on a part of the brain that controls that action

Question 17

Hip pointer

Answer 17

Deep bruise to the ridge of the iliac crest

Question 18

Hypopnea

Answer 18

Shallow, slowed restricted breathing

Question 19

Bradypnea

Answer 19

Low breathing rate

Question 20

Orthopnea

Answer 20

Shortness of breath

Question 21

Tachypnea

Answer 21

Abnormally rapid breathing