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Neuroanatomy Exam 2 > Practice exam 2 > Flashcards

Practice exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Select ALL answers that are correct regarding the distinctions between the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Only the parasympathetic division has cholinergic preganglionic cells

Locations of preganglionic cells are anatomically distinct

Postganglionic cells use different neurotransmitters

Only the sympathetic division leads to constriction of blood vessels

A

Only the parasympathetic division has cholinergic preganglionic cells

Locations of preganglionic cells are anatomically distinct
Correct Answer

Postganglionic cells use different neurotransmitters
Correct Answer

Only the sympathetic division leads to constriction of blood vessels
correct answer

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2
Q

Which brain structure receives input from the nucleus of the solitary tract and is directly modulated by visceral afferent input from the autonomic nervous system?

central nucleus of the amygdala
pulvinar
visual cortex

A

central nucleus of the amygdala

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3
Q

Using the visual system as an example, which projection pattern is most likely to be considered ascending?

Superficial cortical layers to layer IV
Deep cortical layers to superficial cortical layers
Layer IV to superficial cortical layers
Deep cortical layers to layer IV

A

Superficial cortical layers to layer IV

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4
Q

Using the visual system as an example, which projection pattern is most likely to be considered descending?

Deep cortical layers to deep and superficial cortical layers
Superficial cortical layers to layer IV
Layer IV to deep cortical layers
Layer IV to superficial cortical layers

A

Deep cortical layers to deep and superficial cortical layers

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5
Q

An individual with optic ataxia is most likely to have damage to what brain region, and difficulty with what task?

Dorsomedial parietal cortex, pre-shaping hand to reach for a door knob
Right posterior parietal cortex, attending to left visual field
Inferotemporal cortex, identifying objects
Inferotemporal cortex, recognizing faces

A

Dorsomedial parietal cortex, pre-shaping hand to reach for a door knob

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6
Q

A cerebellar lesion will typically result in uncoordinated movement. What is that type of movement called and what is its laterality to the lesion?

Ataxia; ipsilateral
Palsy; ipsilateral
Ataxia; contralateral
Palsy; contralateral

A

Ataxia; ipsilateral

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7
Q

Afferents in the sympathetic nerve trunks can lead to ________ while afferents in the parasympathetic nerve trunks are primarily performing _________

Perceived visceral pain; unperceived regulatory functions
Unperceived regulatory functions; perceived visceral pain
Defecation reflex; Micturition reflex
Micturition reflex; Defecation reflex

A

Perceived visceral pain; unperceived regulatory functions

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8
Q

A lesion in the hypoglossal nucleus or nerve will result in ___________.

An ipsilateral weakness in shoulder movements
A contralateral weakness in shoulder movements
An ipsilateral deviation of the tongue
A contralateral deviation of the tongue

A

An ipsilateral deviation of the tongue

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9
Q

All tracts in the Basal Ganglia are:

Ipsilateral
Contralateral
Bilateral

A

Ipsilateral

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10
Q

A Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF) lesion will result in: SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Resting eye abnormalities
Loss of adduction of the ipsilateral eye
Loss of abduction of the ipsilateral eye
Ipsilateral nystagmus
Contralateral nystagmus

A

Loss of adduction of the ipsilateral eye

Contralateral nystagmus

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11
Q

A positive Babinski means the patient’s ____________.

Toes flex down
Toes fan out
Knee jerk response is diminished
Knee jerk response is exaggerated

A

Toes fan out

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12
Q

A positive Babinski is indicative of _________.

A corticospinal problem*
A corticobulbar problem
A lower motor neuron problem
A rubrospinal problem

A

A corticospinal problem*

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13
Q

At the Level of VI and VII, the Corticobulbar Tract synapses to the __________.

  Facial Motor Nucleus 
  Nucleus Ambiguus 
You Answered
  Nucleus XII 
  Red Nucleus
A

Facial Motor Nucleus

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14
Q 
At the level of X and XII, the Corticobulbar Tract synapses \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
Select the TWO that apply.
  Ipsilaterally; nucleus ambiguus 
  Contralaterally; nucleus ambiguus 
  Bilaterally; nucleus ambiguuus* 
  Ipsilaterally; Facial motor nucleus 
  Contralaterally; Facial motor nucleus 
  Bilaterally; Facial motor nucleus 
  Ipsilaterally; Nucleus XII 
  Contralaterally; Nucleus XII* 
  Bilaterally; Nucleus XII
A

Contralaterally; Nucleus XII*

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15
Q

Both the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia are necessary for the initiation of movement.
Correct Answer
True
False

A

Correct Answer

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16
Q

Cranial Nerve _________ is responsible for taste perception in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue while Cranial Nerve ____________ is responsible for taste perception in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.

  VII; VIII 
  VII; IX 
  VII; X 
  VIII; VII 
  VIII; IX 
  VIII; X 
  IX; VII 
  IX; VIII 
  IX; X
A

VII; IX

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17
Q

The Corticospinal tract has a ___________.

Slight flexor bias
Slight extender bias

A

Slight flexor bias

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18
Q

How many types of odorant receptors does a single olfactory neuron have?

  1 
  10 
  100 
  1000 
  10000
A

1

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19
Q

Lateral eye movements mean the eye __________ while medial eye movements means the eye __________.

Abducts; Adducts
Adducts; Abducts

A

Abducts; Adducts

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20
Q

Lower motor neuron lesions produce: SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

  Weakness 
  Atrophy 
  Fasciculations 
  exaggerated reflexes 
  Babinksi sign 
  spasticity
A

Weakness
Atrophy
Fasciculations

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21
Q

Lower motor neuron lesions lead to ______________.

Increased reflexes; Increased tone
Decreased reflexes; Decreased tone
Increased reflexes; Decreased tone
Decreased reflexes; Increased tone

A

Decreased reflexes; Decreased tone

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22
Q

Match the characteristics with the correct cortical region:
Agranular neurons

Supplementary Motor Area- 2 & 4
Primary Motor Area- 1 & 3

A

Primary Motor Area- 1 & 3

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23
Q

Match the characteristics with the correct cortical region:
Transition from agranular to granular neurons

Supplementary Motor Area- 2 & 4
Primary Motor Area- 1 & 3

A

Supplementary Motor Area- 2 & 4

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24
Q

Match the characteristics with the correct cortical region: Single movement related activity

Supplementary Motor Area- 2 & 4
Primary Motor Area- 1 & 3

A

Primary Motor Area- 1 & 3

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25
Q

Match the characteristics with the correct cortical region: Set related activity

Supplementary Motor Area- 2 & 4
Primary Motor Area- 1 & 3

A

Supplementary Motor Area- 2 & 4

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26
Q

Olfactory Sensory Neurons (OSNs) regenerate throughout the lifespan AND are unipolar.

True-True
True-False
False-False
False-True

A

True-False

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27
Q

Select all EARLY events that contribute to cell death in stroke. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

  Neuroinflammation 
Excitotoxicity
  Calcium overload 
  Apoptosis 
  BBB injury 
  Oxidative stress
A

Excitotoxicity

Calcium overload Oxidative stress

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28
Q

Select ALL the structures in the basal ganglia

  Caudate 
  Putamen 
Nucleus Accumbens
  Globus pallidus - internal segment 
  Globus pallidus - external segment 
  ventral striatum 
  Substantia nigra 
  Pulvinar 
  Ventral lateral nucleus 
  Subthalamic nucleus
A 
Caudate 
  Putamen 
 Globus pallidus - internal segment 
  Globus pallidus - external segment   
Substantia nigra 
  Ventral lateral nucleus

ventral striatum=amygdala

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29
Q

Select ALL the structures that the indirect pathway goes through that the direct pathway DOES NOT:

  Putamen 
  Gpe 
  Gpi 
  Subthalamic nucleus 
  Substantia Nigra pars compacta 
  Substantia Nigra pars reticulate
A

Gpe

Subthalamic nucleus

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30
Q

Select ALL the symptoms of Horner’s Syndrome

  Drooping of eyelid 
  Ptosis 
  Ipsilateral pupillary constriction 
  Contralateral pupillary constriction 
  Apparent sinking of the eyeball 
  Down and Out of the eye
A

Drooping of eyelid
Ptosis
Ipsilateral pupillary constriction
Apparent sinking of the eyeball

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31
Q 
Select that ion channel and/or receptor that is associated with each taste percept: Sweet
  eNAC- Ion Channel 
  T1R2, T1R3- GPCRs 
  T2Rs- GPCRs 
  T1R1, T1R3- GPCRs 
  Otop1- Ion Channel
A

T1R2, T1R3- GPCRs

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32
Q

Select that ion channel that is associated with each taste percept: Salty

  eNAC- Ion Channel 
  T1R2, T1R3- GPCRs 
  T2Rs- GPCRs 
  T1R1, T1R3- GPCRs 
  Otop1- Ion Channel
A

eNAC- Ion Channel

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33
Q

Select that ion channel that is associated with each taste percept: Bitter

  eNAC- Ion Channel 
  T1R2, T1R3- GPCRs 
  T2Rs- GPCRs 
  T1R1, T1R3- GPCRs 
  Otop1- Ion Channel
A

T2Rs- GPCRs

34
Q

Select that ion channel that is associated with each taste percept: Sour

  eNAC- Ion Channel 
  T1R2, T1R3- GPCRs 
  T2Rs- GPCRs 
  T1R1, T1R3- GPCRs 
  Otop1- Ion Channel
A

Otop1- Ion Channel

35
Q

Select that ion channel that is associated with each taste percept: Umami

  eNAC- Ion Channel 
  T1R2, T1R3- GPCRs 
  T2Rs- GPCRs 
  T1R1, T1R3- GPCRs 
  Otop1- Ion Channel
A

T1R1, T1R3- GPCRs

36
Q

Select the taste percept that is associated with Type I cells SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

  Sweet 
  Salty 
  Bitter 
  Sour 
  Umami
A

Salty

37
Q

Select the taste percept that is associated with Type II cells SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

  Sweet 
  Salty 
  Bitter 
  Sour 
  Umami
A

Sweet Bitter Umami

38
Q 
Select that taste percept that is associated with Type III cells SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.
  Sweet 
  Salty 
  Bitter 
  Sour 
  Umami
A

Sour

39
Q

The Anterior Corticospinal Tract is ______ from the motor cortex and the Lateral Corticospinal Tract is ________ from the motor cortex.

Contralateral; bilateral
Bilateral; Contralateral
Ipsilateral; ipsilateral
Contralateral; contralateral

A

Bilateral; Contralateral

40
Q

The Apneustic Center _________ while the Pneumotaxic Center ____________.

Inhibit inspiration; Facilitates inspiration
Facilitates inspiration; Inhibit inspiration

A

Facilitates inspiration; Inhibit inspiration

41
Q

The clinical symptom associated with Third nerve palsy

Eye cannot depress when adducted
Eye cannot abduct
Eye is down and out

A

Eye is down and out

42
Q

The clinical symptom associated with Fourth nerve palsy

Eye cannot depress when adducted
Eye cannot abduct
Eye is down and out

A

Eye cannot depress when adducted

43
Q

The clinical symptom associated with Sixth nerve palsy

Eye cannot depress when adducted
Eye cannot abduct
Eye is down and out

A

Eye cannot abduct

44
Q 
The Cochlear nuclei is more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ while the Vestibular nuclei is more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ at the level of 8/9
  Dorsal; Ventral 
  Ventral; Dorsal 
  Medial; Lateral 
  Lateral; Medial
A

Lateral; Medial

45
Q

The corticobulbar tract innervates the facial motor nucleus for your upper face _____________ and for your lower face _________.

Contralaterally; Bilaterally
Ipsilaterally; Ipsilaterally
Contralaterally; Contralaterally
Bilaterally; Contralaterally

A

Bilaterally; Contralaterally

46
Q

The Corticostriatal pathway’s course is:

Corona Radiata
Internal Capsule
Corpus Collosum
Superior Cerebral Peduncle

A

Corona Radiata

47
Q

The Corticostriatal pathway terminates in the: SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

  Putamen 
  Caudate 
  Nucleus Accumbens 
  Globus pallidus 
  Substantia nigra pars reticulata 
  Substantia nigra pars compacts
A

Putamen

Caudate

48
Q

The direct pathway _____________ movement while the indirect pathway ______________ movement.

Facilitates; inhibits
Inhibits; Facilitates
Facilitates; Facilitates
Inhibits; inhibits

A

Facilitates; inhibits

49
Q

The direct pathway goes directly from the _________ to the __________.

  Cortex; Gpi 
  Cortex; Gpe 
  Gpi; Gpe 
  Putamen; Gpi 
  Putamen; Gpe
A

Putamen; Gpi

50
Q

The Dorsal and Ventral Respiratory Groups are located in the ___________ while the Apneustic and Pneumotaxic Centers are located in the ___________.

Midbrain; Medulla
Medulla; Midbrain
Medulla; Pons
Pons; Medulla

A

Medulla; Pon

51
Q

The Dorsal Respiratory Group is responsible primarily for ________ while the Ventral Respiratory Group is responsible for _________.

Inspiration; Expiration
Expiration; Inspiration
Inspiration; Inspiration
Expiration; Expiration

A

nspiration; Expiration

52
Q 
The indirect pathway comes in from the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  Cortex; Gpi 
  Cortex; Gpe 
  Gpi; Gpe 
  Putamen; Gpi 
  Putamen; Gpe
A

Putamen; Gpe

53
Q

The nucleus ambiguus is responsible for __________.
Control of the salivary gland
Taste for the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Control of swallowing
Sensations of the middle and outer ear

A

Control of swallowing

54
Q

The nucleus solitarius is located on the ___________.

Alar plate
Basal plate

A

Alar plate

55
Q

The Pallidopallidal pathway goes from the ________ to the ____________

GPe; GPi
GPi; GPe
VL of the Thalamus; GPe
GPi; VL of the Thalamus

A

GPe; GPi

56
Q

The Phrenic nerve controls the _________ while the Intercostal nerves control ________.

Diaphragm; Rib muscles
Rib muscles; Diaphragm
Aortic body chemoreceptors; Pulmonary stretch receptors
Pulmonary stretch receptors; Aortic body chemoreceptors

A

Diaphragm; Rib muscles

57
Q

The Vagus nerve is completely ____________.

Ipsilateral
Contralateral
Bilateral

A

Ipsilateral

58
Q

Upper motor neuron lesions produce: SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

  Weakness 
  Atrophy 
  Fasciculations 
  Exaggerated reflexes 
  Babinski sign 
  flaccid paralysis
A

Weakness
Atrophy
Exaggerated reflexes
Babinski sign

59
Q

Upper motor neuron lesions lead to _____________.

Increased reflexes; Increased tone
Decreased reflexes; Decreased tone
Increased reflexes; Decreased tone
Decreased reflexes; Increased tone

A

Increased reflexes; Increased tone

60
Q

Visceral afferent terminals respond to __________

Chemical stimuli
Mechanical stimuli
Both

A

Both*

61
Q

Voluntary saccades are controlled by ______ while reflexive saccades are controlled by __________

Frontal Eye Fields & Tectospinal Tract
Tectospinal Tract & Frontal Eye Fields
CN IV & CN VI
CN VI & CN IV

A

Frontal Eye Fields & Tectospinal Tract

62
Q

What are the outputs out of the Spino-cerebellum tract? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

SCP to Red Nucleus
Fastigial to Vestibular nuclei and Reticular Formation
SCP to VL

A

SCP to Red Nucleus

Fastigial to Vestibular nuclei and Reticular Formation

63
Q

What can cause “watershed” damage?

  Drop of blood pressure 
  Stroke 
  Heart attack 
  Massive bleeding 
  All of the Above*
A

Drop of blood pressure

64
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the Lateral Rectus? Laterality?

  CN 1; ipsilateral 
  CN 2; ipsilateral 
  CN 3; ipsilateral 
  CN 4; ipsilateral 
  CN 5; ipsilateral 
  CN 6; ipsilateral 
  CN 1; contralateral 
  CN 2; contralateral 
  CN 3; contralateral 
  CN 4; contralateral 
  CN 5; contralateral 
  CN 6; contralateral
A

CN 6; ipsilateral

65
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the Superior Oblique? Laterality?

  CN 1; ipsilateral 
  CN 2; ipsilateral 
  CN 3; ipsilateral 
  CN 4; ipsilateral 
  CN 5; ipsilateral 
  CN 6; ipsilateral 
  CN 1; contralateral 
  CN 2; contralateral 
  CN 3; contralateral 
  CN 4; contralateral
  CN 5; contralateral 
  CN 6; contralateral
A

CN 4; contralateral*

66
Q

What is one of the major negative consequences of BBB damage due to stroke?

Allowing immune cells into the brain
Cognitive deficiencies
Dysregulation of aquaporin-4
All of the above

A

Allowing immune cells into the brain

67
Q

What is the deep cerebellar nuclei associated with the Cerebro-cerebellum tract?

Fastigial
Globose
Emboliform
DentateS

A

DentateS

68
Q

What is the function of the Vestibulo-cerebellum tract?

Body and limb movements
Planning and executive movements
Eye movements and balance

A

Eye movements and balance

69
Q

What is the laterality of CN I?

Ipsilateral
Contralateral
Bilateral

A

Ipsilateral

70
Q

What is the most likely type of stroke?

Ischemic
Hemorrhagic

A

Ischemic

71
Q

What part of the internal capsule does the Corticobulbar Tract go through?

Anterior limb
Posterior limb
Genu

A

Genu

72
Q

What structures receive direct input from the Olfactory bulb? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

  Thalamus 
  Pyriform cortex 
  Olfactory tubercle 
  Hypothalamus 
 Amygdala 
  Entorhinal cortex 
  Hippocampal formation
A 
Thalamus 
  Pyriform cortex 
  Olfactory tubercle 
 Amygdala 
  Entorhinal cortex
73
Q

What type of pain does TRPV1 detect?

Sharp pain
Hot
Cold
Visceral pain

A

Hot

74
Q

Where do Glomeruli synapse? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Mitral cells
Tufted cells
Periglomerular cells
Granule cells

A

Mitral cells

Tufted cells

75
Q

Where is the region of the medulla that is responsible for automatic breathing rhythms?

Apneustic Center
Pre-Botzinger Complex
Pneumotaxic Center
Thalamus

A

Pre-Botzinger Complex

76
Q

Which nucleus of V performs the following function: Controlling the muscles of mastication

Chief Sensory Nucleus of V
Mesencephalic Nucleus of V
Spinal Nucleus of V
Motor Nucleus of V

A

Motor Nucleus of V

77
Q

Which nucleus of V performs the following function: Proprioception from the jaw

Chief Sensory Nucleus of V
Mesencephalic Nucleus of V
Spinal Nucleus of V
Motor Nucleus of V

A

Mesencephalic Nucleus of V

78
Q

Which nucleus of V performs the following function: Touch and vibration from the face

Chief Sensory Nucleus of V
Mesencephalic Nucleus of V
Spinal Nucleus of V
Motor Nucleus of V

A

Chief Sensory Nucleus of V

79
Q

Which nucleus of V performs the following function: Pain and temperature from the face

Chief Sensory Nucleus of V
Mesencephalic Nucleus of V
Spinal Nucleus of V
Motor Nucleus of V

A

Spinal Nucleus of V

80
Q

Which pathway deals with pain? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Anterolateral system
Spinothalamic tract
VTTT
Medial Lemniscus

A

Anterolateral system
Spinothalamic tract
VTTT

81
Q

Which structure aids in the refinement and coordination of movement? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

  Thalamus 
  Basal Ganglia 
  Cerebellum 
  SMA 
  PFC
A

Cerebellum

Neuroanatomy Exam 2 (21 decks)

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