Practicals - Chemistry & Physics Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of distillation?
To separate components of a mixture based on differences in boiling points.
True or False: Distillation can only be used for separating solid mixtures.
False
Fill in the blank: In simple distillation, the liquid is heated until it _____ .
boils
What is the role of the condenser in a distillation setup?
To cool and condense the vapor back into liquid.
What is chromatography primarily used for?
To separate and identify substances within a mixture.
Multiple choice: Which type of chromatography uses a stationary phase and a mobile phase?
Both paper and gas chromatography.
True or False: In gas chromatography, the sample is vaporized before analysis.
True
What does Rf value stand for in chromatography?
Retention factor value.
Fill in the blank: In chromatography, the distance traveled by the solvent is known as the _____ distance.
solvent
What is the main difference between simple and fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation can separate mixtures with closer boiling points.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a key component of a distillation apparatus?
Distillation flask.
True or False: The boiling point of a substance remains constant during distillation.
True
What is the significance of the boiling point in the distillation process?
It determines when a liquid will vaporize.
Fill in the blank: In chromatography, substances with a higher affinity for the stationary phase travel _____ than those with a lower affinity.
slower
What type of mixtures is simple distillation best suited for?
Homogeneous mixtures.
Multiple choice: Which of the following techniques would be best to separate a liquid from a solid?
Filtration.
True or False: Chromatography can be used to analyze the purity of a substance.
True
What is the purpose of a reference standard in chromatography?
To compare the Rf values of unknown samples.
Fill in the blank: The _____ phase is the phase that does not move in chromatography.
stationary
What does a chromatogram display?
The separation of components in a mixture.
Multiple choice: Which factor does NOT affect the Rf value?
The color of the substance.
True or False: Distillation can be used to purify drinking water.
True
What happens to the temperature of a liquid during the boiling phase of distillation?
It remains constant.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is collected in the receiving flask during distillation.
distillate
What is the importance of the boiling point in fractional distillation?
It allows for the separation of components with close boiling points.
What is the main purpose of purifying water?
To remove impurities and make it safe for drinking.
True or False: Distillation is an effective method for purifying water.
True
Fill in the blank: The process of removing solid particles from water is called ______.
filtration
What is the role of activated carbon in water purification?
To adsorb impurities and contaminants.
Which method is commonly used to test for the presence of bacteria in water?
Coliform testing
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a method of water purification? A) Filtration B) Boiling C) Freezing D) Distillation
C) Freezing
What is the importance of pH testing in water quality assessment?
It helps determine the acidity or alkalinity of the water, which affects its safety and quality.
True or False: Chlorination is used to kill bacteria in water.
True
What is turbidity, and why is it important in water testing?
Turbidity is the cloudiness of water caused by suspended particles; it indicates water quality and potential contamination.
Describe one method for testing the hardness of water.
Using a titration method with soap solution to determine the amount of soap needed to produce lather.
What is specific heat capacity?
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
True or False: Water has a high specific heat capacity.
True
What is the formula for calculating heat energy (Q)?
Q = mcΔT
In the formula Q = mcΔT, what does ‘m’ represent?
Mass of the substance in kilograms.
Fill in the blank: The unit of specific heat capacity is __________.
J/kg°C
What does ‘ΔT’ stand for in the equation Q = mcΔT?
Change in temperature.
What is the specific heat capacity of water?
4.18 J/g°C
Multiple Choice: Which material generally has the highest specific heat capacity? A) Iron B) Water C) Sand
B) Water
True or False: Metals typically have a low specific heat capacity.
True
What equipment is commonly used to measure the temperature change in a specific heat capacity experiment?
Thermometer
What is the purpose of a calorimeter in a specific heat capacity experiment?
To measure the heat absorbed or released during a reaction or phase change.
Fill in the blank: The heat energy gained or lost by a substance is directly proportional to its mass, specific heat capacity, and __________.
Change in temperature
Multiple Choice: Which surface is a good emitter of radiation? A) Shiny B) Matte C) Transparent
B) Matte
What term describes the ability of a surface to absorb and emit thermal radiation?
Emissivity
True or False: Dark surfaces are better absorbers of radiation compared to light surfaces.
True
What is the relationship between temperature and the amount of radiation emitted by a surface?
The amount of radiation emitted increases with temperature.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a measure of how well a surface can emit thermal radiation.
Emissivity
What is the main factor affecting the rate of heat transfer by radiation?
Temperature difference between the surfaces.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following surfaces is the best reflector of radiation? A) Black B) White C) Dark Blue
B) White
What type of experiment can be conducted to investigate the effect of surface color on heat absorption?
An experiment using different colored plates and measuring temperature changes.
True or False: All surfaces emit thermal radiation at the same rate.
False
What is the purpose of using a dark and a light surface in a radiation practical?
To compare the rate of heat absorption and emission.
Fill in the blank: The __________ effect states that the color and texture of a surface affect its ability to emit and absorb radiation.
Radiation
What safety precautions should be taken when conducting a specific heat capacity experiment?
Wear safety goggles and handle hot materials with care.
What does the term ‘thermal equilibrium’ refer to in the context of specific heat capacity experiments?
The state at which two objects reach the same temperature and no heat flows between them.
What is the definition of a wave?
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space.
True or False: Waves in a tank are longitudinal waves.
False: Waves in a tank are typically transverse waves.
What is the purpose of the wave tank in experiments?
The wave tank is used to create and study wave patterns and behaviors in a controlled environment.
Fill in the blank: The height of a wave from rest position to crest is called the ___.
amplitude.
What does the wavelength of a wave represent?
The wavelength is the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a factor that affects wave speed in a tank? A) Water temperature B) Wave frequency C) Wave amplitude
A) Water temperature.
What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength in waves?
Frequency and wavelength are inversely related; as frequency increases, wavelength decreases.
True or False: The period of a wave is the time it takes for one complete wave to pass a point.
True.
What equipment is commonly used to generate waves in a wave tank?
A wave generator.
Fill in the blank: The speed of a wave is calculated by multiplying its frequency by its ___.
wavelength.
What phenomenon occurs when waves encounter a barrier?
Reflection.
Multiple choice: Which of the following describes refraction? A) Change in wave speed B) Change in wave direction C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B.
What is constructive interference in wave behavior?
Constructive interference occurs when two waves meet and combine to form a larger wave.
True or False: Damping refers to the increase in wave amplitude over time.
False: Damping refers to the decrease in wave amplitude over time.
What is the effect of increasing the frequency of waves generated in a tank?
Increasing the frequency results in shorter wavelengths and more waves in a given time.
Fill in the blank: The point of maximum displacement in a wave is known as the ___.
crest.
What is the role of a wave detector in a wave tank experiment?
A wave detector measures the properties of waves, such as amplitude and frequency.
Multiple choice: Which type of wave travels faster in water? A) Sound waves B) Light waves C) Surface waves
B) Light waves.
What kind of boundary condition would cause total reflection of waves?
A fixed boundary.
True or False: The Doppler effect can be observed in water waves.
True.
What is the significance of the wave equation in wave mechanics?
The wave equation describes the relationship between wave properties such as speed, frequency, and wavelength.
Fill in the blank: Waves traveling in opposite directions can create a standing wave pattern through ___.
interference.
What happens to wave speed when water density increases?
Wave speed generally decreases when water density increases.
Multiple choice: What does a wave’s amplitude indicate? A) Energy B) Speed C) Frequency
A) Energy.
True or False: Wave energy is transferred without the transfer of matter.
True.
