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Ppqs > Practicals > Flashcards

Practicals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the null hypothesis

A

There is no significant difference between two variables

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2
Q

T test

A

Comparing two means

Significant difference between two means

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3
Q

Chi squared

A

Looks at difference between observed and expected
Compare to critical value
N-1 (N=number of data you are looking at)
>=significant

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4
Q

Explain why rate of bubbling can measure photosynthesis

A

More o2 oxygen bubbles released per second

Higher rate of photosynthesis and greater rate of photolysis

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5
Q

Paper chromatography

A

Pen ink would run with solvent

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6
Q

What is the syringe used for
Why is it more accurate than measuring bubbles of gas
Don’t put leaf in blender

A

To fill with gas to measure air given off and measure phs
There is a scale and quantity of gas can be seen/quantitative

There are hardly any chloroplasts

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7
Q

Control experiment

A

If there was a colour change without solution then colour change was not because of phs

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8
Q

Why not shake the tubes

A

Oxygen gets in
Acts as a terminal electron acceptor
Turns blue
Methyl blue gains electrons from etc from aerobic respiration from glucose and yeast from produced reduced bad and fad from kerbs cycle

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9
Q

Reason for selecting specific data

A

Remove selective bias
Random sample
Remove bias

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10
Q

Transects

A

Measure with quadrat at intervals

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11
Q

Told to wipe inside of maze between experiments. Explain why?

A

Maggots follow each other
Maggot particles for heat
Chemotaxis

Equal light at each turn
Low light because heat might be a factor
Dim and evenly distributed

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12
Q

Keep temperature constant

A

Put temperaturethermometer in
Add hot/cold water

Use water bath
Air temperature fluctuates more than liquid temperature

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13
Q

Why use a big sample

A

Large sample size to identify anomalies
Time constraints
Calculate a reliable mean

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14
Q

Use maggots more than once

A

No, may have gone a different way . Show turn alternation

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15
Q

Control

A

Set a base to get expected values

To allow comparison

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16
Q

Reversing maggots direction affects movement of animal

A

Could artificially increase results
Not reliable
Can
Go over same part

17
Q

Observations

A

Dry and smooth/not spherical

18
Q

Why repeat

A

To standardise results
Can compare
Get standard deviation/means

19
Q

Variables for temperature

A

Time
Which hand used
Position of arm on surface

20
Q

Why people matched for factor

A

Older people have eye sight differences/stimuli so longer reaction times as muscles are weaker

Some races have different alleles so different reaction times

Body size the length of neurones are longer

More caffeine- quicker at synapses- drugs- sympathetic neurone

Humans have taxis? Taxis to music/warm environment- kinesis/ where they live

Brain involved so not protective mechanism

21
Q

Hydrogen carbon lit indicator

A

Colour change has no scale
Not impirical
No numerical value
Binary

Use colorimeter
Check light intensity

22
Q

Can you get an average from two values

A

No, some people hold for longer

Yes,can get concordant results

23
Q

Properties of co2

A

Forms carbonic acid with water (blow into limewater experiment)

24
Q

Hand variation can you roll your tongue

A

D

25
Q

Phenotype

A

Is the physical phenotype applied to organisms

26
Q

Why hardy Weinberg is not applied to human populations

A

There is migration
Different alleles
Higher mutation rate than animals

27
Q

Continuous and discrete data

A

Continuous-controlled by multiple alleles and environmental factors e.g.

28
Q

Why plot as scatter diagram

A

Easier to see correlation

One variable against another

29
Q

Things you

Compare

A

If means overlap in sd
Size of sd
If they do, no significant difference

30
Q

Why do you use leaves of same plant species

A

Different plants have different size and length and width

Less genetic variation

31
Q

Why don’t you cut the leaves

A

May damage shape/environment
Ethics/damages habitat
May shrivel up

32
Q

True length v measured length

A

Harder to measure true value

Standardise to compare

33
Q

Differences in standard error interpreted

A

When hw does not work

34
Q

Why not use mark release recapture on humans

A

Unethical to mark humans
People don’t want to
Hard to recapture

35
Q

Gel electrophoresis

Pcr

A 
Make a gene machine/ select gene
Heat to 95 so hydrogen bonds break
Bases join complementary 
By DNA polymerase
Annealed 
One strand can get other strand
Is a chain reaction 
Cooked to 72 
Cooled to 55 
All split act as templates
Exponential increase
36
Q

Spearmans rank

A

Association between two variables

37
Q

Not necessary to get pigments out

A

Crushing can get pigments out

38
Q

Aseptic techniques when transfers broth culture to agar plate

A 
Keep lid on Petri dish
-Open lid as little as possible 
-prevent unwanted bacteria contaminating the dish 
Wear gloves 
Prevent contamination from bacteria on hands/mouth 
Wash hands/wear mask
Use sterile pipette by flaming the loop 
- to maintain a pure culture of bacteria

Ppqs (16 decks)

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