Practicals

Question 1

What component is in the middle of a third class lever?

Answer 1

Effort

Question 2

Is a 2nd class lever a force multiplier or a distance multiplier?

Answer 2

Force Multiplier

Question 3

Is a 3rd class lever a force multiplier or a distance multiplier?

Answer 3

Distance Multiplier

Question 4

What is Wolffs Law?

Answer 4

Bones grow and adapt based on the force applied to them by muscles over time

Question 5

pg 26 label the synovial joint

Question 6

What is the role of articular cartilage

Answer 6

Reduce friction

Question 7

What is the role of articular capsule

Answer 7

Houses joint
Produces stability
Reduces unwanted movement

Question 8

What is the role of synovial fluid

Answer 8

Lubricates joint
Shock absorbing properties

Question 9

What is the role of synovial membrane

Answer 9

Secretes synovial fluid

Question 10

What is the role of the glenoid labrum

Answer 10

Shock absorber
Add more depth
Acts as a suction cup for the humerus

Question 11

What is the normal strength balance ratio between internal and external rotators?

Answer 11

3:2

Question 12

What is scapulohumeral rhythm

Answer 12

2 degrees of glenohumeral abduction requires 1 degree of scapula elevation

Question 13

Shoulder Flexion ROM

Answer 13

150-180 degrees

Question 14

Shoulder Hyperextension ROM

Answer 14

50 degrees

Question 15

Shoulder Lateral Rotation ROM

Answer 15

90 degrees

Question 16

Shoulder Medial Rotation ROM

Answer 16

70 degrees

Question 17

What are the 3 ligaments in the elbow complex?

Answer 17

Annular Ligament, Radiocolateral Ligament, Ulnarcollateral Ligament

Question 18

What is valgus?

Answer 18

Limbs moving away from the body’s midline

Question 19

What is Varus?

Answer 19

Limbs moving towards the body’s midline

Question 20

What is the normal angulation of the elbow?

Answer 20

10-15 degrees valgus

Question 21

What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic ligaments of the wrist

Answer 21

Extrinsic - Start outside the joint
Intrinsic - Start inside the joint

Question 22

What is the role of the triangular fibrocartilage complex?

Answer 22

Stabilise the ulnar side of the wrist
Shock absorption

Question 23

What nerve is involved in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Answer 23

Median nerve

Question 24

What muscles are responsible for changing the shape of the and and maintaining arches

Answer 24

Intrinsic

Question 25

What is prehension?

Answer 25

Grasping

Question 26

Find out more about precision vs power grips

Question 27

What are the 4 types of precision handling grips

Answer 27

Tip Pinch Lateral (key) Pinch Pulp Pinch Palmar Pinch

Question 28

What is the role of the Acetabulum Labrum?

Answer 28

Shock absorption

Question 29

What is the role of the transverse ligament?

Answer 29

Hip abduction/adduction

Question 30

What is the role of the Ligamentum Teres?

Answer 30

Stability

Question 31

What is the retinaculum and what is its role at the wrist

Answer 31

Transverse Ligament Protects transverse carpal arch

Question 32

What 2 angles are part of the acetabulum?

Answer 32

Centre Edge Angle (35 degrees) Acetabular Anteversion Angle (20 degrees)

Question 33

What 2 angles are part of the femur?

Answer 33

Angle of Inclination (125 degrees) Torsion Angle (15 degrees)

Question 34

What does Coxa Valga in the head of the femur and what angle is it

Answer 34

>140 degrees. Reduces shear force

Question 35

Angle of Coxa Vara

Answer 35

<125 degrees

Question 36

Hip Flexion ROM

Answer 36

100-135 degrees

Question 37

Hip Hyperextension ROM

Answer 37

10-30 degrees

Question 38

What plane does the largest movement occur in the tibiofemoral joint

Answer 38

Sagittal

Question 39

Knee Flexion ROM

Answer 39

155 degrees

Question 40

Knee Hyperextension ROM

Answer 40

3 degrees

Question 41

What is laxity in the knee?

Answer 41

Knee is flexed between 30-40 degrees and is prone to injury when in contact with an opposing force

Question 42

What happens to the tibia during extension?

Answer 42

It rotates laterally

Question 43

What are the 3 functions of the patella

Answer 43

3rd class lever Anterior protection Shock absorption

Question 44

What are possible causes of abnormal patella tracking

Answer 44

Meniscus damage Inflammation of joint Muscle imbalance

Question 45

What bones are in the rear foot?

Answer 45

Calcaneus Talus

Question 46

What bones are in the mid foot?

Answer 46

Nevicular Cuboid Coniform

Question 47

What bones are in the fore foot?

Answer 47

Metatarsals 1-5

Question 48

What is the Windlass mechanism?

Answer 48

Tighening of the plantar fascia during doors flexion causing the medial longitudinal arch to increase

Question 49

How can the Windlass mechanism be prevented?

Answer 49

Wearing shoes

Question 50

What movement actions occur at the Talocrural joint?

Answer 50

Plantar/Dorsi flexion

Question 51

What movement actions occur at the Subtalar joint?

Answer 51

Eversion/Inversion

Question 52

What movement actions occur at the Midtarsal joint?

Answer 52

Eversion/Inversion

Question 53

What happens during pronation?

Answer 53

Eversion, Dorsiflexion, Abduction

Question 54

What happens during supination?

Answer 54

Inversion, Plantarflexion, Adduction

Question 55

Knee to wall test ROM

Answer 55

10-12cm

Question 56

Which ligament bears the greatest strain during Hyperextension of the spine?

Answer 56

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Question 57

Which ligament bears the greatest strain during Flexion of the spine?

Answer 57

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Interspinous Ligament Supraspinous Ligament

Question 58

Which ligament bears the greatest strain during Lateral Flexion of the spine?

Answer 58

Intertransverse Ligament

Question 59

Which ligament bears the greatest strain during Rotation of the spine?

Answer 59

Ligamentum Flavum Intercapsular Ligament

Question 60

What are the primary movements of OC-C1?

Answer 60

Flexion/Extension, Lateral Flexion

Question 61

What are the primary movements of C1-C2?

Answer 61

Flexion/Extension, Rotation

Question 62

What are the primary movements of C2-C7?

Answer 62

Flexion/Extension, Lateral Flexion, Rotation

Question 63

What are the primary movements of T1-T12?

Answer 63

Lateral Flexion, Rotation, some Flexion/Extension

Question 64

What are the primary movements of L1-L5?

Answer 64

Flexion-Extension, Lateral Flexion

Question 65

What is thoracic kyphosis?

Answer 65

Thoracic spine sticks out posteriorly (Hunchback) > 45 degrees

Question 66

What is Lumbar Lordosis?

Answer 66

Lumbar spine sticks out anteriorly, causing butt to be pushed out posteriorly > 40 degrees

Question 67

What muscle plays a major role in influencing postural sway?

Answer 67

Iliopsoas

Question 68

What are the 5 components of a reflex arc?

Answer 68

Receptor Sensory neuron Integration centre Motor neuron Effector

Question 69

Where does the brachial plexus arise from?

Answer 69

C5-L1

Question 70

Where does the lumbar plexus arise from?

Answer 70

L1-L4

Question 71

Which major muscle does the lumbar plexus lie?

Answer 71

Psoas Major

Question 72

Where does the sacral plexus arise from?

Answer 72

L4-S4

Question 73

What measurements are used for a mesomorphs rating?

Answer 73

Height Humerus width Femur width Bicep girth Tricep skinfold Calf girth Calf skinfold