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Functional Anatomy > Practicals > Flashcards

Practicals Flashcards

1
Q

What component is in the middle of a third class lever?

A

Effort

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2
Q

Is a 2nd class lever a force multiplier or a distance multiplier?

A

Force Multiplier

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3
Q

Is a 3rd class lever a force multiplier or a distance multiplier?

A

Distance Multiplier

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4
Q

What is Wolffs Law?

A

Bones grow and adapt based on the force applied to them by muscles over time

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5
Q

pg 26 label the synovial joint

A
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6
Q

What is the role of articular cartilage

A

Reduce friction

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7
Q

What is the role of articular capsule

A

Houses joint
Produces stability
Reduces unwanted movement

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8
Q

What is the role of synovial fluid

A

Lubricates joint
Shock absorbing properties

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9
Q

What is the role of synovial membrane

A

Secretes synovial fluid

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10
Q

What is the role of the glenoid labrum

A

Shock absorber
Add more depth
Acts as a suction cup for the humerus

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11
Q

What is the normal strength balance ratio between internal and external rotators?

A

3:2

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12
Q

What is scapulohumeral rhythm

A

2 degrees of glenohumeral abduction requires 1 degree of scapula elevation

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13
Q

Shoulder Flexion ROM

A

150-180 degrees

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14
Q

Shoulder Hyperextension ROM

A

50 degrees

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15
Q

Shoulder Lateral Rotation ROM

A

90 degrees

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16
Q

Shoulder Medial Rotation ROM

A

70 degrees

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17
Q

What are the 3 ligaments in the elbow complex?

A

Annular Ligament, Radiocolateral Ligament, Ulnarcollateral Ligament

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18
Q

What is valgus?

A

Limbs moving away from the body’s midline

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19
Q

What is Varus?

A

Limbs moving towards the body’s midline

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20
Q

What is the normal angulation of the elbow?

A

10-15 degrees valgus

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21
Q

What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic ligaments of the wrist

A

Extrinsic - Start outside the joint
Intrinsic - Start inside the joint

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22
Q

What is the role of the triangular fibrocartilage complex?

A

Stabilise the ulnar side of the wrist
Shock absorption

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23
Q

What nerve is involved in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

A

Median nerve

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24
Q

What muscles are responsible for changing the shape of the and and maintaining arches

A

Intrinsic

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25
Q

What is prehension?

A

Grasping

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26
Q

Find out more about precision vs power grips

A
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27
Q

What are the 4 types of precision handling grips

A

Tip Pinch
Lateral (key) Pinch
Pulp Pinch
Palmar Pinch

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28
Q

What is the role of the Acetabulum Labrum?

A

Shock absorption

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29
Q

What is the role of the transverse ligament?

A

Hip abduction/adduction

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30
Q

What is the role of the Ligamentum Teres?

A

Stability

31
Q

What is the retinaculum and what is its role at the wrist

A

Transverse Ligament
Protects transverse carpal arch

32
Q

What 2 angles are part of the acetabulum?

A

Centre Edge Angle (35 degrees)
Acetabular Anteversion Angle (20 degrees)

33
Q

What 2 angles are part of the femur?

A

Angle of Inclination (125 degrees)
Torsion Angle (15 degrees)

34
Q

What does Coxa Valga in the head of the femur and what angle is it

A

> 140 degrees. Reduces shear force

35
Q

Angle of Coxa Vara

A

<125 degrees

36
Q

Hip Flexion ROM

A

100-135 degrees

37
Q

Hip Hyperextension ROM

A

10-30 degrees

38
Q

What plane does the largest movement occur in the tibiofemoral joint

A

Sagittal

39
Q

Knee Flexion ROM

A

155 degrees

40
Q

Knee Hyperextension ROM

A

3 degrees

41
Q

What is laxity in the knee?

A

Knee is flexed between 30-40 degrees and is prone to injury when in contact with an opposing force

42
Q

What happens to the tibia during extension?

A

It rotates laterally

43
Q

What are the 3 functions of the patella

A

3rd class lever
Anterior protection
Shock absorption

44
Q

What are possible causes of abnormal patella tracking

A

Meniscus damage
Inflammation of joint
Muscle imbalance

45
Q

What bones are in the rear foot?

A

Calcaneus
Talus

46
Q

What bones are in the mid foot?

A

Nevicular
Cuboid
Coniform

47
Q

What bones are in the fore foot?

A

Metatarsals 1-5

48
Q

What is the Windlass mechanism?

A

Tighening of the plantar fascia during doors flexion causing the medial longitudinal arch to increase

49
Q

How can the Windlass mechanism be prevented?

A

Wearing shoes

50
Q

What movement actions occur at the Talocrural joint?

A

Plantar/Dorsi flexion

51
Q

What movement actions occur at the Subtalar joint?

A

Eversion/Inversion

52
Q

What movement actions occur at the Midtarsal joint?

A

Eversion/Inversion

53
Q

What happens during pronation?

A

Eversion, Dorsiflexion, Abduction

54
Q

What happens during supination?

A

Inversion, Plantarflexion, Adduction

55
Q

Knee to wall test ROM

A

10-12cm

56
Q

Which ligament bears the greatest strain during Hyperextension of the spine?

A

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

57
Q

Which ligament bears the greatest strain during Flexion of the spine?

A

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Interspinous Ligament
Supraspinous Ligament

58
Q

Which ligament bears the greatest strain during Lateral Flexion of the spine?

A

Intertransverse Ligament

59
Q

Which ligament bears the greatest strain during Rotation of the spine?

A

Ligamentum Flavum
Intercapsular Ligament

60
Q

What are the primary movements of OC-C1?

A

Flexion/Extension, Lateral Flexion

61
Q

What are the primary movements of C1-C2?

A

Flexion/Extension, Rotation

62
Q

What are the primary movements of C2-C7?

A

Flexion/Extension, Lateral Flexion, Rotation

63
Q

What are the primary movements of T1-T12?

A

Lateral Flexion, Rotation, some Flexion/Extension

64
Q

What are the primary movements of L1-L5?

A

Flexion-Extension, Lateral Flexion

65
Q

What is thoracic kyphosis?

A

Thoracic spine sticks out posteriorly (Hunchback)
> 45 degrees

66
Q

What is Lumbar Lordosis?

A

Lumbar spine sticks out anteriorly, causing butt to be pushed out posteriorly
> 40 degrees

67
Q

What muscle plays a major role in influencing postural sway?

A

Iliopsoas

68
Q

What are the 5 components of a reflex arc?

A

Receptor
Sensory neuron
Integration centre
Motor neuron
Effector

69
Q

Where does the brachial plexus arise from?

A

C5-L1

70
Q

Where does the lumbar plexus arise from?

A

L1-L4

71
Q

Which major muscle does the lumbar plexus lie?

A

Psoas Major

72
Q

Where does the sacral plexus arise from?

A

L4-S4

73
Q

What measurements are used for a mesomorphs rating?

A

Height
Humerus width
Femur width
Bicep girth
Tricep skinfold
Calf girth
Calf skinfold

Functional Anatomy (3 decks)

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