PRACTICAL RESEARCH

Question 1

Overview of the design used for the study

Answer 1

Research Design

Question 2

It is included only if the setting is of particular significance or importance.

Answer 2

Setting/Locale of the study

Question 3

It includes the number and relevant characteristics of the respondents as well as the sampling plan and technique

Answer 3

Respondents/Participants

Question 4

This section discusses the data gathering tool that is used in the study.

Answer 4

Instrumentation

Question 5

Contains the process used when conducting the actual study.

Answer 5

Data gathering procedure

Question 6

It is a technique of gathering data whereby you personally watch, interact, or communicate with the subjects of your research. Through this data gathering technique, proofs to support your claims or conclusions about your topic are obtained in a natural setting.

Answer 6

Observation

Question 7

Types of Observation

Answer 7

Participant Observation, Non-participation Observation

Question 8

The observer, who is the researcher, takes part in the activities of the individual or group being observed. Your actua involvement enables you to obtain first hand knowledge about the subjects’ behavior and the way they interact with one another. To record your findings through this type of observation, use the diary method or logbook.

Answer 8

Participant Observation

Question 9

This type of observation completely detaches you from the target. You just watch and listen to their own thing, without you participating in any of their activities. Recording of non-participation observations happens through the use of a checklist. Others call this checklist as an observation schedule.

Answer 9

Non-participation or Structured Observation

Question 10

What are the methods of observation?

Answer 10

Direct Observation, Indirect Observation

Question 11

This observation method makes you see or listen to everything that happens in the area.

Answer 11

Direct Observation

Question 12

This method is also called behavior archaeology because you observe traces of past events to get information or a measure of behavior trait, or quality of your subject.

Answer 12

Indirect Observation

Question 13

A data-gathering technique that makes you verbally ask the subjects or respondents questions to give answers to what your research study is trying to look for.

Answer 13

Interview

Question 14

Types of Interview

Answer 14

Structured Interview
Unstructured Interview
Semi-structured Interview

Question 15

This is an interview that requires the use of an interview schedule or a list of questions answerable with only one item from a set of alternative responses. Choosing one answer from the given set of answers, the respondents are barred from giving answers that reflect their own thinking or emotions about the topic. You, the researcher, is completely pegged at the interview schedule or prepared list of questions.

Answer 15

Structured Interview

Question 16

In this type of interview, the respondents answer the questions based on what they personally think and feel about it. There are no suggested answers. They pureply depend on the respondents’ decision-making skills, giving them an opportunity to think critically about the question.

Answer 16

Unstructured Interview

Question 17

The characteristics of the first two types are found in this type of interview. Here, you prepare a schedule or a list of questions where respondents can pick out the correct answer. However, after choosing one from the suggested answers, the respondents explain the reasons behind their choices.

Answer 17

Semi-structured Interview

Question 18

Types of approaches in interviewing

Answer 18

Individual Interview
Group Interview
Mediated Interview

Question 19

Only one respondent is interviewed here.

Answer 19

Individual Interview

Question 20

A group of people are asked at the same time. The group members take turns in answerign the question.

Answer 20

Group Interview or Focus Group Interview

Question 21

This type of interview takes place through electronic communication devices such as telephones, mobile phones, email, etc. This disregards non-verbal communication.

Answer 21

Mediated Interview

Question 22

Steps in conducting interview

Answer 22

Getting to know each other
Having an idea of the research
Starting the interview
Conducting the interview proper
Putting an end to the interview
Pondering over interview afterthoughts

Question 23

This disregards random selection of subjects. The subjects are chosen based on their availability or the purpose of the study, and in some cases, on the sole discretion of the researcher. This is not a scientific way of selecting respondents, neither does it offer a valid or an objective way of detecting sampling errors.

Answer 23

Non-probability Sampling

Question 24

Types of non-probability sampling

Answer 24

Quota Sampling
Availability or Convenience Sampling
Voluntary Sampling
Purposive or Judgmental Sampling Sampling
Snowball Sampling

Question 25

You resort to this sampling when you think you know the characteristics of the target population very well. In this case, you tend to choose sample members possessign or indicating the characteristics of the target population.

Answer 25

Quota Sampling

Question 26

Since the subjects you expect to participate in the sample selection are the ones volunteering to constitute the sample, there is no need for you to do any selection process.

Answer 26

Voluntary Sampling

Question 27

You choose people whom you are sure could correspond to the objectives of your study, like selecting those with rich experience or interest in your study.

Answer 27

Purposive or Judgmental Sampling

Question 28

The willingness of a person as your subject to interact with you counts a lot in this non-probability sampling method.

Answer 28

Availability or Convenience Sampling

Question 29

Similar to snow expanding widely, this sampling method does not give a specific set of samples. It deals with varied groups of people.

Answer 29

Snowball Sampling

Question 30

It is a lived experience of individual or several individuals of of a phenomenon.

Answer 30

Phenomenology

Question 31

The concept of culture, which is a system of shared beliefs, values, practices, language, norms, rituals, and material things that group members use to understand their world.

Answer 31

Ethnography

Question 32

It is a story or lived experiences of individual or group as a single case. Often involves simply observing what happens to, or reconstructing ‘the case history’ of a single participant or group of individuals.

Answer 32

Case study

Question 33

This is the development of inductive, “bottoms-up,” theory that is “grounded” directly in the empirical data. This can also be used to test or elaborate upon previously grounded theories, as long as the approach continues to be one of constantly grounding any changes in the new data.

Answer 33

Ground Theory

Question 34

It is a chronological story from individuals on their lived experiences.

Answer 34

Narrative Research