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PSYC 373 > Practical Prep > Flashcards

Practical Prep Flashcards

1
Q
A

Name: Olfactory Nerve

Number: I

Type (sensory/motor): Sensory

Function(s): Conveys information about smell to the brain from the nasal mucosa

Location (For CN I-VI and XI only): by the olfactory bulbs

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2
Q
A

Name: Optic

Number: II

Type (sensory/motor): Sensory

Function(s): Relays visual information to the contralateral side of the brain

Location (For CN I-VI and XI only): tip ends of the optic chiasm (at least on the model)

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3
Q
A

Name: Oculomotor

Number: III

Type (sensory/motor): Motor

Function(s): Eye movement and pupil constriction; moves eye in most directions

Location (For CN I-VI and XI only): just below the pituitary

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4
Q
A

Name: Trochlear

Number: IV

Type (sensory/motor): Motor

Function(s): Eye movement, external rotation, elevation

Location (For CN I-VI and XI only): either side, just above/the side of the pons

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5
Q

Name the nerves I-XII

A

I. Olfactory

II. Optic

III. Oculomotor

IV. Trochlear

V. Trigeminal

VI. Abbducens

VII. Facial

VIII. Vestibulococholear

IX. Glossopharyngeal

X. Vagus

XI. Spinal Accessory

XII. Hyoglossal

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6
Q

What main things do you need to know about the cranial nerves?

A

Name

Number

Type (sensory/motor)

Function(s)

Location (For CN I-VI and XI only)

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7
Q
A
  • Name: Trigeminal Nerve
  • Number: V
  • Type (sensory/motor): Sensory and Motor
  • Function(s): Sensation to the face, muscles involves chewing
  • Location (For CN I-VI and XI only): just below the Trochlear nerve next to the pons
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8
Q
A
  • Name: Abducens Nerve
  • Number: VI
  • Type (sensory/motor): Motor
  • Function(s): Lateral Eye movement
  • Location (For CN I-VI and XI only): medial to the Trigeminal Nerve
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9
Q
A
  • Name: Facial nerve
  • Number: VII
  • Type (sensory/motor): Sensory and Motor
  • Function(s): Control the muscles of the face, provides sensory information to anterior ⅔ of tongue
  • Location (For CN I-VI and XI only) - not important here, but lateral to the abducens
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10
Q
A
  • Name: Vestibulocochlear nerve
  • Number: VIII
  • Type (sensory/motor): Sensory
  • Function(s): 2 Main functions: 1) Provide auditory information(hearing); 2) Balance and movement
    • Location (For CN I-VI and XI only)
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11
Q
A

Name: Glossopharyngeal

Number: IX

Type (sensory/motor): Sensory & Motor

Function(s): Taste from the posterior ⅓ of tongue, muscles involved in swallowing, salivation

Location (For CN I-VI and XI only): n/a

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12
Q
A

Name: Vagus

Number: X

Type (sensory/motor): Sensory & Motor

Function(s): “wandering nerve”; controls muscles of the throat and voice box, regulates functioning and provides sensory information for the viscera; regulates heart rate, function of intestines

Location (For CN I-VI and XI only): n/a

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13
Q
A

Name: Spinal Accessory

Number: XI

Type (sensory/motor): Motor

Function(s): Innervates muscles that control movement of the head and shoulder

Location (For CN I-VI and XI only): below the midbrain; very last end of the nerves, looks like a little loose fiber

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14
Q
A

Name: Hypoglossal

Number: XII

Type (sensory/motor): Motor

Function(s): control movements of the tongue

Location (For CN I-VI and XI only): n/a

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15
Q

Superior oblique muscle

A

trochlear (IV) motor

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16
Q

External rectus muscle

A

Abducent (VI) motor

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17
Q

All eye muscles except those supplied byb IV and VI

A

Oculomotor (III) motor

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18
Q

sensory: Face, sinuses, teeth, etc

A

Trigeminal (V) sensory

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19
Q

motor: muscles of mastication

A

Trigeminal (V) motor

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20
Q

nose

A

Olfactory (I)

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21
Q

Muscles of the face

A

Facial(VII) motor

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22
Q

Muscles of the tongue

A

Hypoglossal (XII) motor

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23
Q

Submaxilary and sublingual gland

A

Intermediate motor

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24
Q

Anterior part of tongue and soft palate

A

Intermediate sensory

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25
Q

Inner ear

A

Vestibulocochlear (VIII) sensory

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26
Q

Pharyngeal musculature

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX) motor

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27
Q

Posterior part of tongue; tonsil, pharynx

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX) sensory

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28
Q

heart, lungs, bronchi, gastrointestinal tract

A

Vagus (X) motor

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29
Q

Heart, lungs, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, gastrointestinal tract, external ear

A

Vagus (X) sensory

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30
Q

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

A

Accessory (XI) motor

31
Q

What is the difference between white and grey matter?

A

Grey matter: cell bodies, unmyelinated axons

white matter: mainly myelinated axons

32
Q

The 3 main divisions of the brain are

A

fore-brain, mid-brain, hindbrain

33
Q

What is the difference between afferent and efferent?

A

Afferent: accepted into the CNS (bringing in sensory information)

Efferent: Exiting the CNS (so bringing OUT motor information)

34
Q

What does the pituitary gland

A

releases hormones related to homeostasis, regulated by the hypothalamus

35
Q

optic chiasm

A

region where some optic nerves cross to the opposite/contralateral side of the brain where it is processed

36
Q

Superior colliculi

A

process simple aspect of visual stimuli

37
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

process simple aspects of auditory stimuli

38
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A

motor system, fibers from cortex that project to spinal cord and brainstem areas; relay info from the body to the brain and vice versa, part of the tegmentum

39
Q

Cerebellum

A

motor function critical for precision, accuracy, and coordination; coordinates with vestibular system, critical for motor functioning

40
Q

Pons

A

“bridge”; relays sensory info from cerebellum to cerebrum; sleep-wake cycles; dreams?

41
Q

Medulla

A

controls autonomic function (heart rate, blood pressure, breathing)

42
Q

Olfactory bulbs

A

perception of odors; receive input from olfactory (smell) receptors in the nasal mucosa

43
Q

A ________ is a bump in the cortex; a ______ is a wrinkle or groove in the cortex.

A

gyrus; sulcus

44
Q

The ______ cortex is located in the frontal lobe and is involved with planning, decision making, personality, impulse control, and emotion.

A

prefrontal

45
Q

The primary auditory cortex is located in the ______ lobe and is associated with sound perception and spoken word.

A

temporal

46
Q

The ________ cortex is located in the occipital lobe and is associated with input from complex aspects of sight.

A

primary visual

47
Q

The left and right hemispheres are divided by the _______.

A

medial longitudinal fissure

48
Q
A

A. sagittal (this specific slide is a midsagittal cut)

B. horizontal

C. Coronal/transverse/frontal

49
Q

Towards the nose is

A

rostral/anterior

50
Q

Toward the tail end is

A

caudal/posterior

51
Q

Towards the back (in humans) or towards the top of the head is

A

dorsal

52
Q

Towards the chest/stomach (in humans) or towards the bottom of the head is

A

ventral

53
Q

Towards the midline (or medial longitudinal fissure) is

A

medial

54
Q

Away from the midline/moving towards the sides is

A

lateral

55
Q

Towards the top of the brain, above structure is

A

superior

56
Q

Towards the bottom of the brain, below another structure is

A

inferior

57
Q

Same side

A

ipsilateral

58
Q

opposite side

A

contralateral

59
Q

Layers of the 3 membrane layers that protect the brain and spinal cord?

A

The meninges (dura, arachnoid, pia)

60
Q

Name and describe the 3 meninges

A
  1. Dura: “hard mother” the outermost protective layer
  2. Arachnoid: spongy, spider-like web of tissue; the middle layer
    1. subarachnoid space: between the arachnoid and pia mater, contains cerebrospinal fluid and arteries
  3. Pia: “soft mother” the delicate innermost membrane
    1. flows over the brain contours
    2. Difficult to separate from brain tissue
61
Q

Where is the…

  1. telencephalon
  2. diencephalon
  3. mesencephalon
  4. metencephalon
  5. myelencephalon
A
  1. forebrain
  2. forebrain
  3. midbbrain
  4. hindbrain (cerebellum)
  5. hindbrain (stem)
62
Q

What does the telencephalon cover?

A

Cerebral cortex & hemispheres

63
Q

Structure

A

Olfactory bulbs

64
Q
A

Optic chiasm

65
Q
A

Pituitary gland

66
Q
A

Frontal lobe

67
Q
A

Parietal lobe

68
Q
A

Temporal lobe

69
Q
A

Occipital lobe

70
Q
A

butt = superior colliculus

seat = inferior colliculus

71
Q
A

pons

72
Q
A

cerebellum

73
Q
A

medulla

74
Q

Medulla

A

controls autonomic functions like breathing and blood pressure (mostly white matter fiber tracts carrying information to and from other brain regions)

PSYC 373 (3 decks)

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