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Bio Lab > Practical Part II > Flashcards

Practical Part II Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Moss

A

Phylum Bryophyte
Class bryopsidia
no vascular tissue
no seeds

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1
Q

Liverwort

A

Phylum Marchantiophyta
Class hepatophyta
No vascular tissue
No seeds

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2
Q

Club Moss

A

Phylum lycophyte
Class
no vascular tissue
no seeds

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3
Q

Horsetail

A

Phylum magnoliophyte
Class
vascular tissue
no seeds

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4
Q

Whisk Fern

A

Phylum
Class gametophyte
vascular tissue
no seeds

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5
Q

True Fern

A

Phylum moniliophyta
Class
vascular tissue
no seeds

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6
Q

Conifer

A

Phylum conioferaphyta
Class
vascular tissue
seeds

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7
Q

cycad

A

Phylum cycas
Class
vascular tissue
seeds

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8
Q

Angiosperm

A

Phylum anthrophyta
Class
vascular tissue
seeds

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9
Q

Vascular tissues provide ________that allows vascular plants (seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms) to______

A

structural stability

grow much larger than the bryophytes

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10
Q

Vascular plants contain three tissue systems:

A

*Dermal
*Vascular
*Ground

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11
Q

*These three tissue systems are present in all three organ systems:

A

*Leaf
*Stem
*Root

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12
Q

Monocots (6 traits)

A

one cotyledon
fibrous roots
petals in multiples of 3
narrow parallel veins
scattered vascular bundles
one pore or furrow

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13
Q

Dicots

A

two cotyledons
taproots
4 or 5 petals
net-like veins
ring vascular bundle
3 pores or furrows

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14
Q

Stem modifications

A

aerial, sub-aerial, underground

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15
Q

Root modifications

A

storage, support, gas exchange, sucking roots

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16
Q

Leaf modifications

A

spines, tendrils, traps, phyllodes

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17
Q

ectoderm

A

epidermis of skin
lining of mouth and anus
eyes
nervous system
teeth

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18
Q

endoderm

A

lining of digestive tract
lining of respiratory system
liver pancreas

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19
Q

mesoderm

A

notochord
skeletal system
muscular system
excretory system

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20
Q

12 characteristics used to classify animals

A

Symmetry
Tissue Organization
Body Cavities
Openings into the Digestive Tract
Habitat
Organs for respiration and circulation
Organs for excretion
Locomotion
Support system
Segmentation
Appendages
Nervous System/Sensory Organs

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21
Q

Symmetry

A

Radial
Bilateral
pentaradial

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22
Q

Tissue Organization

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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23
Q

Body Cavities

A

Acoelomates
Pseudocoelomates
Coelomates

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24
Q

Acoelomates

A

-No body cavity

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25
Q

Pseudocoelomates

A
  • Body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm
26
Q

Coelomates

A
  • Body cavity entirely within the mesoderm
27
Q

Openings into the Digestive Tract

A

deuterostomes
protostomes

28
Q

protostomes

A

first opening in the embryo becomes the mouth.

29
Q

deuterostomes

A

the first opening in the embryo becomes the anus, and the mouth develops later.

30
Q

Open circulatory system:

A

It is primarily found in invertebrates.

the blood flows freely through cavities since there are no vessels to conduct the blood.

31
Q

Closed circulatory system:

A

It is found in vertebrates and a few invertebrates, like earthworms.

This system has vessels that conduct blood throughout the body.

32
Q

aquatic invertebrates excretion

A

diffusion
ex. sponge jellyfish, cnidaria

33
Q

worms and mollusks excretion

A

nephridia (tiny pores)
ex. earthworm clam octopus

34
Q

insects excretion

A

Malpighian tubules
ex. grasshoppers, bees, ants

35
Q

vertebrates excretion

A

kidneys and bladder
ex. mammals, birds, reptiles, fish

36
Q

Support system

A

Endoskeleton
Exoskeleton
Hydrostatic skeleton

37
Q

8 characteristics used to define an organism as an animal

A

Multicellularity
Heterotrophy
Movement (during at least 1 life stage)
No cell walls
Diversity of form and habitat
Distinct tissue types
Sexual reproduction
Embryonic development (through blastula stage)

38
Q

tissue layers: porifera

A

none; no true body cavity

39
Q

tissue layers: Cnidaria

A

two layers; no true body cavity

40
Q

tissue layers: Playhelmiths

A

three tissue layers; acoelomate

41
Q

tissue layers: Nematoda

A

three tissue layers; pseudocoelomate

42
Q

tissue layers: Mollusks

A

three tissue layers; coelomate

43
Q

Chordates Subphylums

A

Subphylum Cephalochordata
Subphylum Urochordata
Subphylum Vertebrata

44
Q

Chordates: Shared derived characteristics

A

Notochord
DHNC
Segmented post anal tail
Pharyngeal slits and clefts
structure that pumps blood
Bilaterally symmetrical

45
Q

Notochord:

A

longitudinal flexible rod; between the digestive tube and the nerve cord; provides structural support; becomes human intervertebral discs

46
Q

DHNC

A

: develops from the ectoderm; dorsal to the nerve cord; develops into the central nervous system: the brain and spinal cord

47
Q

Segmented post anal tail:

A

greatly reduced during embryonic development

48
Q

Pharyngeal slits and clefts:

A

clefts develop into slits that open to the outside of the body; become gills in fishes; play a role in development of the ear in tetrapods

49
Q

Stem modifications –

A

aerial, sub-aerial, underground

50
Q

Root modifications –

A

storage, support, gas exchange, sucking roots

51
Q

Leaf modifications –

A

spines, tendrils, traps, phyllodes

52
Q

Importance of selecting a gene

A

Has to be conserved in the phyla to amplify, but have variability

53
Q

In Gel electrophoresis Target molecules migrate through the gel matrix
based on specific properties.
What properties?

A

Size
Charge
Shape
Gel concentration

54
Q

Purpose of gel Electrophoresis.

A

allows researchers to assess
quality of PCR reaction and product

55
Q

what does size tell you in gel electrophoresis?

A

Did the primers target the correct gene?

56
Q

what does single or multiple fragments tell you in gel electrophoresis?

A

Were the primers specific enough?

Was the DNA damaged during
processing?

57
Q

what do primer dimers tell you in gel electrophoresis?

A

Correct concentration of primers vs
template?

Correct primer selection?

58
Q

what does band brightness tell you in gel electrophoresis?

A

How much DNA is in the PCR product?

59
Q

what does Positive control tell you in gel electrophoresis?

A

Did the reaction work as expected?

60
Q

what does negative control tell you in gel electrophoresis?

A

Was there contamination during the set
up of the PCR reaction?

61
Q

Steps of DNA Barcoding workflow

A

sample, extract genomic DNA, PCR amplification, gel electrophoresis, sequencing analysis

62
Q

diploblast

A

endoderm and exoderm

63
Q

triploblastic

A

endoderm, exoderm, mesoderm

Bio Lab (3 decks)

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