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Practical Part II Flashcards

1
Q

Moss

A

Phylum Bryophyte
Class bryopsidia
no vascular tissue
no seeds

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1
Q

Liverwort

A

Phylum Marchantiophyta
Class hepatophyta
No vascular tissue
No seeds

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2
Q

Club Moss

A

Phylum lycophyte
Class
no vascular tissue
no seeds

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3
Q

Horsetail

A

Phylum magnoliophyte
Class
vascular tissue
no seeds

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4
Q

Whisk Fern

A

Phylum
Class gametophyte
vascular tissue
no seeds

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5
Q

True Fern

A

Phylum moniliophyta
Class
vascular tissue
no seeds

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6
Q

Conifer

A

Phylum conioferaphyta
Class
vascular tissue
seeds

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7
Q

cycad

A

Phylum cycas
Class
vascular tissue
seeds

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8
Q

Angiosperm

A

Phylum anthrophyta
Class
vascular tissue
seeds

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9
Q

Vascular tissues provide ________that allows vascular plants (seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms) to______

A

structural stability

grow much larger than the bryophytes

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10
Q

Vascular plants contain three tissue systems:

A

*Dermal
*Vascular
*Ground

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11
Q

*These three tissue systems are present in all three organ systems:

A

*Leaf
*Stem
*Root

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12
Q

Monocots (6 traits)

A

one cotyledon
fibrous roots
petals in multiples of 3
narrow parallel veins
scattered vascular bundles
one pore or furrow

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13
Q

Dicots

A

two cotyledons
taproots
4 or 5 petals
net-like veins
ring vascular bundle
3 pores or furrows

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14
Q

Stem modifications

A

aerial, sub-aerial, underground

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15
Q

Root modifications

A

storage, support, gas exchange, sucking roots

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16
Q

Leaf modifications

A

spines, tendrils, traps, phyllodes

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17
Q

ectoderm

A

epidermis of skin
lining of mouth and anus
eyes
nervous system
teeth

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18
Q

endoderm

A

lining of digestive tract
lining of respiratory system
liver pancreas

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19
Q

mesoderm

A

notochord
skeletal system
muscular system
excretory system

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20
Q

12 characteristics used to classify animals

A

Symmetry
Tissue Organization
Body Cavities
Openings into the Digestive Tract
Habitat
Organs for respiration and circulation
Organs for excretion
Locomotion
Support system
Segmentation
Appendages
Nervous System/Sensory Organs

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21
Q

Symmetry

A

Radial
Bilateral
pentaradial

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22
Q

Tissue Organization

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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23
Q

Body Cavities

A

Acoelomates
Pseudocoelomates
Coelomates

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24
Acoelomates
-No body cavity
25
Pseudocoelomates
- Body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm
26
Coelomates
- Body cavity entirely within the mesoderm
27
Openings into the Digestive Tract
deuterostomes protostomes
28
protostomes
first opening in the embryo becomes the mouth.
29
deuterostomes
the first opening in the embryo becomes the anus, and the mouth develops later.
30
Open circulatory system:
It is primarily found in invertebrates. the blood flows freely through cavities since there are no vessels to conduct the blood.
31
Closed circulatory system:
It is found in vertebrates and a few invertebrates, like earthworms. This system has vessels that conduct blood throughout the body.
32
aquatic invertebrates excretion
diffusion ex. sponge jellyfish, cnidaria
33
worms and mollusks excretion
nephridia (tiny pores) ex. earthworm clam octopus
34
insects excretion
Malpighian tubules ex. grasshoppers, bees, ants
35
vertebrates excretion
kidneys and bladder ex. mammals, birds, reptiles, fish
36
Support system
Endoskeleton Exoskeleton Hydrostatic skeleton
37
8 characteristics used to define an organism as an animal
Multicellularity Heterotrophy Movement (during at least 1 life stage) No cell walls Diversity of form and habitat Distinct tissue types Sexual reproduction Embryonic development (through blastula stage)
38
tissue layers: porifera
none; no true body cavity
39
tissue layers: Cnidaria
two layers; no true body cavity
40
tissue layers: Playhelmiths
three tissue layers; acoelomate
41
tissue layers: Nematoda
three tissue layers; pseudocoelomate
42
tissue layers: Mollusks
three tissue layers; coelomate
43
Chordates Subphylums
Subphylum Cephalochordata Subphylum Urochordata Subphylum Vertebrata
44
Chordates: Shared derived characteristics
Notochord DHNC Segmented post anal tail Pharyngeal slits and clefts structure that pumps blood Bilaterally symmetrical
45
Notochord:
longitudinal flexible rod; between the digestive tube and the nerve cord; provides structural support; becomes human intervertebral discs
46
DHNC
: develops from the ectoderm; dorsal to the nerve cord; develops into the central nervous system: the brain and spinal cord
47
Segmented post anal tail:
greatly reduced during embryonic development
48
Pharyngeal slits and clefts:
clefts develop into slits that open to the outside of the body; become gills in fishes; play a role in development of the ear in tetrapods
49
Stem modifications –
aerial, sub-aerial, underground
50
Root modifications –
storage, support, gas exchange, sucking roots
51
Leaf modifications –
spines, tendrils, traps, phyllodes
52
Importance of selecting a gene
Has to be conserved in the phyla to amplify, but have variability
53
In Gel electrophoresis Target molecules migrate through the gel matrix based on specific properties. What properties?
Size Charge Shape Gel concentration
54
Purpose of gel Electrophoresis.
allows researchers to assess quality of PCR reaction and product
55
what does size tell you in gel electrophoresis?
Did the primers target the correct gene?
56
what does single or multiple fragments tell you in gel electrophoresis?
Were the primers specific enough? Was the DNA damaged during processing?
57
what do primer dimers tell you in gel electrophoresis?
Correct concentration of primers vs template? Correct primer selection?
58
what does band brightness tell you in gel electrophoresis?
How much DNA is in the PCR product?
59
what does Positive control tell you in gel electrophoresis?
Did the reaction work as expected?
60
what does negative control tell you in gel electrophoresis?
Was there contamination during the set up of the PCR reaction?
61
Steps of DNA Barcoding workflow
sample, extract genomic DNA, PCR amplification, gel electrophoresis, sequencing analysis
62
diploblast
endoderm and exoderm
63
triploblastic
endoderm, exoderm, mesoderm

Bio Lab (3 decks)

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