Practical Notes 1-4 Flashcards
What are cormier’s 11 strategies?
- Explaining the purpose of the assessment - make sure you’re clear
- Exploring the range of concerns
- Prioritising the issues
4-7. Identification of issues (behaviours outside of interview, antecedents that precede the problem and consequences and secondary gain) - Identifying previous solutions tried by the client
- Identifying client resources strength and coping skills
- Exploring client perception of the issue
- Examining the intensity of the issue
What are the four requirements of true dialogue
There should be appropriate turn taking in conversation
There should be connection between the two individuals
There should be a process of mutual influencing
They should be also process of co-creating outcomes
What is active listening
It is fundamental to the therapeutic process and should be empathetic in nature
What is empathetic listening
  focused and unbiased listening
What is the formula For an empathic highlight
You’re feeling …. Because of ….
Keep them short and to the point and use your own words but don’t Forget to reflect back to core message
What are the different forms of probes
They may be statements indicating the need for further clarification (I guess I’m still just confused about..)
Or they may be direct request for further information (tell me what you mean by..)
What is case formulation
There’s a process whereby the psychologist and client work collaboratively to get a clear understanding of what’s happening
You need to describe the clients difficulties and explain the difficulties using cognitive behavioural theory
What are the aims of case formulation
To normalise the clients difficulties
To encourage the clients participation in the therapeutic process
To help make a complex problems seem more manageable
To guide the selection focus and sequence of therapy
To identify the clients strengths and identify ways to build client resilience
You can also identify problems that might arise in therapy
Why is it important to share the case formulation with the client
To obtain feedback
To help them see the rationale behind the treatment plan
Helps you to arrive at treatment goals collaboratively
What are the two kinds of case formulations
1 Disorder specific bottles – psychologist his cognitive behavioural models of specific disorders and corporate clients specific information
2 generic models – these approaches link the clients experience with A generic cognitive behavioural framework
What are the five p’s in case formulation 
Presenting problem
Predisposing factors (events that set the foundation for the problem)
Precipitating factors (events that triggered the problem)
Perpetuating factors (events that maintain/keep the problem going)
Protective/positive factors (strengths and resources)
The presenting problem can be divided into three categories what are these
The clients feelings, the clients thoughts and the clients behaviours and physiological responses
What are some examples of predisposing factors
Genetic predisposition
Developmental experiences
Family of origin history -Such as parenting styles
Critical events – trauma
What are perpetuating factors
These are the things that stop the problem from getting better or make the problem worse
In a CBT Model these include thoughts, feelings and behaviours such as unhelpful self talk or cognitive distortions, avoidance or safety behaviours
What are cognitive distortions
When a person continues to focus on unhelpful self talk the person will continue to experience unwanted feelings
What is avoidance
Avoidance is when we stay away from those situations or activities that we associate with the problem in order to avoid uncomfortable or distressing emotions and physical sensations
What are safety behaviours
Safety behaviours other behaviours a person engages in all precautions they might take to protect themselves from perceived risks they prevent the person from fully engaging in and enjoying the situation they are and they may include counting rituals covering up with a lot of clothes etc
What is treatment planning important for
It is necessary to pinpoint the exact issues you were treating in the ways in which they will be tackled
It’s a specific goals that allowed with you and your client to assess progress
It acts as a roadmap providing guidance to the goals instructions on how to reach them

What is the next step after Case formulation
To set treatment goals with the client
Case formulation + goals = treatment plan
It is important in treatment planning to
Record the plan on a planner form and when completed have your client sign the plan this signifies agreement with and commitment to the plan so it is evidence that they have agreed and written signatures are a motivating tool so they’re more likely to commit to it
Also make sure they have the opportunity to ask any questions and they read it properly before signing it
Explain the flexibility of a treatment plan
Although a treatment plan is meant to keep therapy on track as a clinician you must be flexible if a client is in a crisis you can set aside the plan and focused the session on the crisis however if this happens to frequently you need to address it with the client because it will impact the effectiveness of therapy
The treatment plan must be
Evidence based and reflect what the literature says is the best course of action
What is cognitive behavioural therapy
Is a skilled based therapy that promotes positive behaviour change

CBT assumes there is an interplay between
Thoughts feelings and actions
Unhelpful thoughts..
Appear in shorthand
Are almost always believed
Spontaneous
Tend to predict danger and expect the worst
Are unique to the individual
Are continual
Repeat habitual themes because they’re based on core beliefs
And individuals unhelpful thoughts are usually derived from deeply held maladaptive call beliefs or schemas

What are some examples of thinking traps
Catastrophising
Black-and-white thinking
Mind reading
Filtering
Shoulds
Over generalisation
Magnifying
Personalising

What is catastrophising 
You expect or even visualise disaster
What is black-and-white thinking
Things are black and white, good or bad you have to be perfect or you’re a failure and there’s no middle ground or room for mistakes
What is mind reading
Without they’re saying so you know what people are feeling and why they act the way they do you have set a knowledge of how people think and feel about you
What is filtering
You focus on the negative details while ignoring all the positive aspects of the situation
What are shoulds
Do you have a list of rules about how are you and other people should act people who break the rules anger you and you feel guilty when you break the rules
What is overgeneralisation
You reach a general conclusion based on a single piece of evidence or instant you exaggerate the frequency of the problems and use negative labels
What is magnifying
You exaggerate the degree or intensity of a problem you turn the volume up on anything bad making it overwhelming
What is personalising
You assume that everything people say or do is some kind of reaction to you you also compare yourself to others trying to determine who is better
What is the psychologist role in CBT
Can help the client to identify the automatic thoughts they can do this through the use of thought diaries
Once unhelpful thoughts are recognised the psychologist helps them to generate alternative interpretations – more helpful thinking
Clients are taught to immediately counter unhelpful thoughts with alternative explanations
All of these techniques the first demonstrated in therapy and then clients are encouraged to do this on their own
What do clients record in thought diaries
The situation that triggered the emotional response
The behaviours they were engaging in
The associated thoughts
The feelings triggered by the thoughts
And any other related responses
