Practical Notes 1-4

Question 1

What are cormier’s 11 strategies?

Answer 1

1. Explaining the purpose of the assessment - make sure you’re clear
2. Exploring the range of concerns
3. Prioritising the issues
   4-7. Identification of issues (behaviours outside of interview, antecedents that precede the problem and consequences and secondary gain)
4. Identifying previous solutions tried by the client
5. Identifying client resources strength and coping skills
6. Exploring client perception of the issue
7. Examining the intensity of the issue

Question 2

What are the four requirements of true dialogue

Answer 2

There should be appropriate turn taking in conversation

There should be connection between the two individuals

There should be a process of mutual influencing

They should be also process of co-creating outcomes

Question 3

What is active listening

Answer 3

It is fundamental to the therapeutic process and should be empathetic in nature

Question 4

What is empathetic listening

Answer 4

  focused and unbiased listening

Question 5

What is the formula For an empathic highlight

Answer 5

You’re feeling …. Because of ….

Keep them short and to the point and use your own words but don’t Forget to reflect back to core message

Question 6

What are the different forms of probes

Answer 6

They may be statements indicating the need for further clarification (I guess I’m still just confused about..)
Or they may be direct request for further information (tell me what you mean by..)

Question 7

What is case formulation

Answer 7

There’s a process whereby the psychologist and client work collaboratively to get a clear understanding of what’s happening

You need to describe the clients difficulties and explain the difficulties using cognitive behavioural theory

Question 8

What are the aims of case formulation

Answer 8

To normalise the clients difficulties

To encourage the clients participation in the therapeutic process

To help make a complex problems seem more manageable

To guide the selection focus and sequence of therapy

To identify the clients strengths and identify ways to build client resilience

You can also identify problems that might arise in therapy

Question 9

Why is it important to share the case formulation with the client

Answer 9

To obtain feedback

To help them see the rationale behind the treatment plan

Helps you to arrive at treatment goals collaboratively

Question 10

What are the two kinds of case formulations

Answer 10

1 Disorder specific bottles – psychologist his cognitive behavioural models of specific disorders and corporate clients specific information

2 generic models – these approaches link the clients experience with A generic cognitive behavioural framework

Question 11

What are the five p’s in case formulation 

Answer 11

Presenting problem
Predisposing factors (events that set the foundation for the problem)
Precipitating factors (events that triggered the problem)
Perpetuating factors (events that maintain/keep the problem going)
Protective/positive factors (strengths and resources)

Question 12

The presenting problem can be divided into three categories what are these

Answer 12

The clients feelings, the clients thoughts and the clients behaviours and physiological responses

Question 13

What are some examples of predisposing factors

Answer 13

Genetic predisposition

Developmental experiences

Family of origin history -Such as parenting styles

Critical events – trauma

Question 14

What are perpetuating factors

Answer 14

These are the things that stop the problem from getting better or make the problem worse

In a CBT Model these include thoughts, feelings and behaviours such as unhelpful self talk or cognitive distortions, avoidance or safety behaviours

Question 15

What are cognitive distortions

Answer 15

When a person continues to focus on unhelpful self talk the person will continue to experience unwanted feelings

Question 16

What is avoidance

Answer 16

Avoidance is when we stay away from those situations or activities that we associate with the problem in order to avoid uncomfortable or distressing emotions and physical sensations

Question 17

What are safety behaviours

Answer 17

Safety behaviours other behaviours a person engages in all precautions they might take to protect themselves from perceived risks they prevent the person from fully engaging in and enjoying the situation they are and they may include counting rituals covering up with a lot of clothes etc

Question 18

What is treatment planning important for

Answer 18

It is necessary to pinpoint the exact issues you were treating in the ways in which they will be tackled

It’s a specific goals that allowed with you and your client to assess progress

It acts as a roadmap providing guidance to the goals instructions on how to reach them


Question 19

What is the next step after Case formulation

Answer 19

To set treatment goals with the client

Case formulation + goals = treatment plan

Question 20

It is important in treatment planning to

Answer 20

Record the plan on a planner form and when completed have your client sign the plan this signifies agreement with and commitment to the plan so it is evidence that they have agreed and written signatures are a motivating tool so they’re more likely to commit to it

Also make sure they have the opportunity to ask any questions and they read it properly before signing it

Question 21

Explain the flexibility of a treatment plan

Answer 21

Although a treatment plan is meant to keep therapy on track as a clinician you must be flexible if a client is in a crisis you can set aside the plan and focused the session on the crisis however if this happens to frequently you need to address it with the client because it will impact the effectiveness of therapy

Question 22

The treatment plan must be

Answer 22

Evidence based and reflect what the literature says is the best course of action

Question 23

What is cognitive behavioural therapy

Answer 23

Is a skilled based therapy that promotes positive behaviour change



Question 24

CBT assumes there is an interplay between

Answer 24

Thoughts feelings and actions

Question 25

Unhelpful thoughts..

Answer 25

Appear in shorthand

Are almost always believed

Spontaneous

Tend to predict danger and expect the worst

Are unique to the individual

Are continual

Repeat habitual themes because they’re based on core beliefs

And individuals unhelpful thoughts are usually derived from deeply held maladaptive call beliefs or schemas


Question 26

What are some examples of thinking traps

Answer 26

Catastrophising

Black-and-white thinking

Mind reading

Filtering

Shoulds

Over generalisation

Magnifying

Personalising


Question 27

What is catastrophising 

Answer 27

You expect or even visualise disaster

Question 28

What is black-and-white thinking

Answer 28

Things are black and white, good or bad you have to be perfect or you’re a failure and there’s no middle ground or room for mistakes

Question 29

What is mind reading

Answer 29

Without they’re saying so you know what people are feeling and why they act the way they do you have set a knowledge of how people think and feel about you

Question 30

What is filtering

Answer 30

You focus on the negative details while ignoring all the positive aspects of the situation

Question 31

What are shoulds

Answer 31

Do you have a list of rules about how are you and other people should act people who break the rules anger you and you feel guilty when you break the rules

Question 32

What is overgeneralisation

Answer 32

You reach a general conclusion based on a single piece of evidence or instant you exaggerate the frequency of the problems and use negative labels

Question 33

What is magnifying

Answer 33

You exaggerate the degree or intensity of a problem you turn the volume up on anything bad making it overwhelming

Question 34

What is personalising

Answer 34

You assume that everything people say or do is some kind of reaction to you you also compare yourself to others trying to determine who is better

Question 35

What is the psychologist role in CBT

Answer 35

Can help the client to identify the automatic thoughts they can do this through the use of thought diaries

Once unhelpful thoughts are recognised the psychologist helps them to generate alternative interpretations – more helpful thinking

Clients are taught to immediately counter unhelpful thoughts with alternative explanations

All of these techniques the first demonstrated in therapy and then clients are encouraged to do this on their own

Question 36

What do clients record in thought diaries

Answer 36

The situation that triggered the emotional response

The behaviours they were engaging in

The associated thoughts

The feelings triggered by the thoughts

And any other related responses