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Biology 142 > Practical Modules 2 and 3 > Flashcards

Practical Modules 2 and 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hydra

A

-Phylum Cnidaria

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2
Q

Planaria

A

-Phylum Platyhelminthes

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3
Q

European Earthworm

A
  • Latin: Lumbricus terrestris
  • Phylum Annelida
  • Alimentary canal and closed circulatory system
  • Aortic arches: enlarged lateral blood vessels, pump blood through circulatory system (circulatory)
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4
Q

Crayfish

A
  • Phylum Arthropoda
  • Latin: Procambarus clarkii
  • Gills: Gas-exchange/breathing (respiratory)
  • **Swimmerettes attached to it
  • Heart: pumpin hemolymph (circulatory)
  • Cardiac stomach: grind up food using beat of heat (digestive)
  • Open circulatory system
  • Male= enlarged swimmerets and genital opening
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5
Q

Vertebrate Phylum

A

-Phylum Chordata

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6
Q

Bullfrog

A
  • Latin: Lithobates catesbeiana
  • Female= eggs everywhere
  • Male= testes (small beans)
  • 3-chambered heart: 1 ventricle, 2 atria
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7
Q

Domestic Pig

A
  • Latin: Sus scrofa domesticus
  • Closed circulatory system
  • Alimentary canal
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8
Q

What is the function of the grastrovascular cavity?

A
  • Single opening for intake of food and expelling waste

- Distributes nutrients to cells of organism

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9
Q

Budding of a Hydra

A
  • Serves as asexual reproduction

- Clone of a parent grows out of the body wall and breaks off when long enough

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10
Q

Planaria

A
  • Gastrovascular cavity= darker than surroundings
  • Diffuses gasses through the skin
  • Open circulatory system
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11
Q

Cellular Respiration

A
  • Fxn: Oxygen consumed to convert glucose into energy

- Gas exchange bcuz O2 needed to convert food into CO2 and ATP

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12
Q

Mass and Measures of metabolic rate

A
  • Mass increase, Mass-specific metabolic rate deacreases (ppt CO2/g/min)
  • **Cells need more energy in smaller
  • Mass increase, average CO2 production rate increases
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13
Q

Respirometry

A

-Use of gas exchange to measure metabolic rates and energy consumption

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14
Q

Digestive System

A
  • Ingestion (the act of eating or feeding)
  • Digestion (food is broken down into molecules small enough for the body to absorb)
  • Absorption
  • Elimination (unprocessed materials pass through the digestive system and exit through the anus)
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15
Q

Respiratory system

A
  • Responsible for taking in oxygen
  • Expelling carbon dioxide
  • Lungs carry out the exchange of gases as we breathe
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16
Q

Circulatory system

A

-To transport nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body and removal of metabolic wastes

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17
Q

Osmoregulatory system

A
  • kidneys are the main organ

- Function is to filter blood and maintain the dissolved ion concentrations of body fluids

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18
Q

Epidermis

A
  • Hydra

- Outer layer of skin

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19
Q

Gastrodermis

A
  • Hydra

- Inner layer

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20
Q

Tentacles

A
  • Hydra

- Stining cells to capture prey

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21
Q

Base

A
  • Hydra

- Non-tenticle end

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22
Q

Mouth

A
  • Hydra

- Underneath tenacles

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23
Q

Pharynx

A
  • Planaria
  • Used for taking food in
  • Expelling waste
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24
Q

Protonephridia

A
  • Planaria
  • network of dead-end tubules lacking internal opening
  • osmoregulation
  • excretion
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25
Q

Coelom

A
  • a body cavity
  • Cushions internal organs
  • Prevents internal injury
  • Non-compressive skeleton used for movement
  • Gives internal organs room to grow
26
Q

Intestine

A
  • Digestion

- Absorbs nutrients

27
Q

Typhlosole

A
  • Earthworm
  • dorsal flap of the intestine that runs along most of its length, and increases intestine surface area
  • Absorbs nutrients
28
Q

Ventral Blood Vessel

A
  • Earthworm

- responsible for carrying blood to the back of the earthworms body

29
Q

Ventral Nerve Cord

A
  • Earthworm
  • attached to the ganglion
  • runs through the entire body
30
Q

Dorsal Blood Vessel

A
  • Earthworm

- responsible for carrying blood to the front of the body

31
Q

Prostomium

A
  • Earthworm
  • first body segment body in the anterior end
  • In front of the mouth
  • Small shelf- or lip-like extension over the dorsal side of the mouth
32
Q

Clitellum

A
  • Earthworm
  • A thickened band by head
  • Secretes eggs for reproduction
33
Q

Anus

A
  • Earthworm

- End of the body

34
Q

Gonads

A
  • Reproductive organs

- male (testes) produces sperm, females (ovaries) produce ova

35
Q

Esophagus

A

-Throat region

36
Q

Crop

A

-Where food is stored where it eventusally moves to gizzard

37
Q

Gizzard

A

-Grind food up for digestion

38
Q

Metanephridia

A
  • Excretory gland found in invertebrates

- Used for osmoregulation in earthworm

39
Q

Ovary

A

-Female reproductive organs

40
Q

Oviducts

A

-Passage from ovaries to the outside of body

41
Q

Testes

A

-Male reproductive organs

42
Q

Stomach

A

-Stores/ digests food

43
Q

Duodenum

A
  • Connection between stomach and small intestine

- Chemical digestion of chime

44
Q

Small Intestine

A
  • Absorption of nutrients

- 90% of digestion

45
Q

Large Intestine

A
  • Absorption of water

- Cecum, colon, rectum

46
Q

Pancreas

A

-Secretes digestive enzymes into duodenum

47
Q

Liver

A

-Secretes bile

48
Q

Gall Bladder

A
  • Stores bile made by liver

- Used by small intestine

49
Q

Atria

A

-Heart chamber accepting blood from body

50
Q

Ventricle

A

-Heart chamber that pumps blood from heart to body

51
Q

Conus Arteriosus

A

-the upper front part of the right ventricle of the heart

52
Q

Carotid Artery

A
  • located on each side of the neck
  • divide into the internal and external carotid arteries
  • External provides blood supply to the scalp, face and neck
  • Internal supplies blood to brain
53
Q

Spleen

A

-Makes, stores and destroys blood cells

54
Q

Kidney

A

-Filters blood and excretes excess water

55
Q

Ureter

A

-Carry the urine form the kidneys to the urinary bladder

56
Q

Swim bladder

A
  • Perch
  • contains gas
  • Hydrostatic organ that enables the fish to maintain its depth without floating upward or sinking
57
Q

Gills

A

-Alllows for respiration, gas exchange, breathing

58
Q

Aorta

A
  • main artery of the body

- supplies oxygenated blood to the circulatory system

59
Q

Subclavian Artery

A
  • Branch to the vertebral arteries

- carry oxygenated blood up to the brain from below the clavicle

60
Q

Trachea

A

-Airway in neck

61
Q

Lungs

A

-Allow for respiration

62
Q

How do earthworms breathe?

A

-Diffusion through skin

Biology 142 (5 decks)

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