Practical Modules 2 and 3 Flashcards
Hydra
-Phylum Cnidaria
Planaria
-Phylum Platyhelminthes
European Earthworm
- Latin: Lumbricus terrestris
- Phylum Annelida
- Alimentary canal and closed circulatory system
- Aortic arches: enlarged lateral blood vessels, pump blood through circulatory system (circulatory)
Crayfish
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Latin: Procambarus clarkii
- Gills: Gas-exchange/breathing (respiratory)
- **Swimmerettes attached to it
- Heart: pumpin hemolymph (circulatory)
- Cardiac stomach: grind up food using beat of heat (digestive)
- Open circulatory system
- Male= enlarged swimmerets and genital opening
Vertebrate Phylum
-Phylum Chordata
Bullfrog
- Latin: Lithobates catesbeiana
- Female= eggs everywhere
- Male= testes (small beans)
- 3-chambered heart: 1 ventricle, 2 atria
Domestic Pig
- Latin: Sus scrofa domesticus
- Closed circulatory system
- Alimentary canal
What is the function of the grastrovascular cavity?
- Single opening for intake of food and expelling waste
- Distributes nutrients to cells of organism
Budding of a Hydra
- Serves as asexual reproduction
- Clone of a parent grows out of the body wall and breaks off when long enough
Planaria
- Gastrovascular cavity= darker than surroundings
- Diffuses gasses through the skin
- Open circulatory system
Cellular Respiration
- Fxn: Oxygen consumed to convert glucose into energy
- Gas exchange bcuz O2 needed to convert food into CO2 and ATP
Mass and Measures of metabolic rate
- Mass increase, Mass-specific metabolic rate deacreases (ppt CO2/g/min)
- **Cells need more energy in smaller
- Mass increase, average CO2 production rate increases
Respirometry
-Use of gas exchange to measure metabolic rates and energy consumption
Digestive System
- Ingestion (the act of eating or feeding)
- Digestion (food is broken down into molecules small enough for the body to absorb)
- Absorption
- Elimination (unprocessed materials pass through the digestive system and exit through the anus)
Respiratory system
- Responsible for taking in oxygen
- Expelling carbon dioxide
- Lungs carry out the exchange of gases as we breathe
Circulatory system
-To transport nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body and removal of metabolic wastes
Osmoregulatory system
- kidneys are the main organ
- Function is to filter blood and maintain the dissolved ion concentrations of body fluids
Epidermis
- Hydra
- Outer layer of skin
Gastrodermis
- Hydra
- Inner layer
Tentacles
- Hydra
- Stining cells to capture prey
Base
- Hydra
- Non-tenticle end
Mouth
- Hydra
- Underneath tenacles
Pharynx
- Planaria
- Used for taking food in
- Expelling waste
Protonephridia
- Planaria
- network of dead-end tubules lacking internal opening
- osmoregulation
- excretion
Coelom
- a body cavity
- Cushions internal organs
- Prevents internal injury
- Non-compressive skeleton used for movement
- Gives internal organs room to grow
Intestine
- Digestion
- Absorbs nutrients
Typhlosole
- Earthworm
- dorsal flap of the intestine that runs along most of its length, and increases intestine surface area
- Absorbs nutrients
Ventral Blood Vessel
- Earthworm
- responsible for carrying blood to the back of the earthworms body
Ventral Nerve Cord
- Earthworm
- attached to the ganglion
- runs through the entire body
Dorsal Blood Vessel
- Earthworm
- responsible for carrying blood to the front of the body
Prostomium
- Earthworm
- first body segment body in the anterior end
- In front of the mouth
- Small shelf- or lip-like extension over the dorsal side of the mouth
Clitellum
- Earthworm
- A thickened band by head
- Secretes eggs for reproduction
Anus
- Earthworm
- End of the body
Gonads
- Reproductive organs
- male (testes) produces sperm, females (ovaries) produce ova
Esophagus
-Throat region
Crop
-Where food is stored where it eventusally moves to gizzard
Gizzard
-Grind food up for digestion
Metanephridia
- Excretory gland found in invertebrates
- Used for osmoregulation in earthworm
Ovary
-Female reproductive organs
Oviducts
-Passage from ovaries to the outside of body
Testes
-Male reproductive organs
Stomach
-Stores/ digests food
Duodenum
- Connection between stomach and small intestine
- Chemical digestion of chime
Small Intestine
- Absorption of nutrients
- 90% of digestion
Large Intestine
- Absorption of water
- Cecum, colon, rectum
Pancreas
-Secretes digestive enzymes into duodenum
Liver
-Secretes bile
Gall Bladder
- Stores bile made by liver
- Used by small intestine
Atria
-Heart chamber accepting blood from body
Ventricle
-Heart chamber that pumps blood from heart to body
Conus Arteriosus
-the upper front part of the right ventricle of the heart
Carotid Artery
- located on each side of the neck
- divide into the internal and external carotid arteries
- External provides blood supply to the scalp, face and neck
- Internal supplies blood to brain
Spleen
-Makes, stores and destroys blood cells
Kidney
-Filters blood and excretes excess water
Ureter
-Carry the urine form the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Swim bladder
- Perch
- contains gas
- Hydrostatic organ that enables the fish to maintain its depth without floating upward or sinking
Gills
-Alllows for respiration, gas exchange, breathing
Aorta
- main artery of the body
- supplies oxygenated blood to the circulatory system
Subclavian Artery
- Branch to the vertebral arteries
- carry oxygenated blood up to the brain from below the clavicle
Trachea
-Airway in neck
Lungs
-Allow for respiration
How do earthworms breathe?
-Diffusion through skin
