PRACTICAL EXAM 2 FUNCTIONS/TERMS GUIDE Flashcards
Sutural Bones
Skull
Irregular Bones
vertebra, pelvis
Short Bones
Tarsal/Carpal bones
Flat Bones
roof of skull, sternum, ribs, scapulae
Long Bones
femur, long bone of the thigh, humerus
Sesamoid Bone
Patella/kneecaps
Supra-orbital foramen: Nerve/Artery
Supra-orbital artery
Optic Canal
optic nerve
superior orbital fissure
oculomotor nerve
inferior orbital fissure
maxillary division
infra-orbital foramen
intra-orbital artery
foramen lacerum
internal carotid artery
foramen ovale
trigeminal nerve
carotid canal
internal carotid artery
sylomastoid foramen
facial nerve
foramen magnum
accessory nerve
jugular foramen
internal jugular vein
foramen rotundum
maxillary nerve
foramen spunosum
mandibular nerve
Displaced fracture
bone move so much that a gap forms
nondisplaced fracture
bones didn’t move enough to allow a gap to form
compound fracture:
bone out of the skin
simple fracture
bone in skin
comminuted fracture
broken in 2 places
greenstick fracture
incomplete, partially broken
depressed fracture
break w/ bone in cranial towards brain
Axial skeleton involves _____ while appendicular involves _____
skull, ribs, sternum, spine»_space;» arms, legs, clavicle, pelvis.
lacuna are the ______
spaces between lamellae
canaliculus are
tiny canals that connects lacunae.
Paranasal sinuses include what skull bones
maxillae, ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal.
Occipitofrontalis
Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead and moves scalp
orbicularis oculi
closes eyes (blinking and squinting)
zygomaticus major and minor
raise corner of mouth (smiling) and upper lip exposing teeth (snarling)
buccinator
draws corners of mouth laterally, sucking in cheeks, assists in holding food between teeth when chewing.
Platysma
tenses neck skin and depresses mandible, pouting muscle
superior rectus
the eye looks up
inferior rectus
the eye looks down
medial rectus
the eye looks medially
lateral rectus
looks laterally
superior oblique
looks down laterally
inferior oblique
looks up laterally
masseter
elevates the audible and closes the jaw.
temporalis
elevates the mandible and closes jaw
genioglossus
from internal surface of mandible to base of tongue; protracts the tongue, can also depress tongue
styloglossus
from styloid process of temporal one to lateral tongue, retracts and elevates the tongue
hyoglossus
hyoid bone to inferior tongue, depresses the tongue
sternocleidomastoid
bilateral contraction flexes the ne: prayer muscle; unilateral contraction rotates and flexes neck to opposite side, as in saying no
scalenes
located deep to sternocleidomastoid, elevates 1 and 2nd ribs during inspiration, also flexes neck
trapezius
elevates, rotates, retracts and represses scapula: shrugging shoulders, and extends heads
splenius capitis
located deep to trapezius; bilaterally extends or hyperextends neck, unilaterally rotates and laterally flexes neck
pectoralis major
mover of air flexion, adducts and medially rotates (push ups)
Serratus anterior
abducts and rotates scapula upwards (boxing muscle)
external intercostals
elevate ribs during inhalation
internal intercostals
depress ribs during forced exhalation
diaphragm
mover of inflation, increases thorax volume
rectus abdominis
flexes and rotates lumbar region of vertebral column; sit ups
external and internal obliques
flex and roate vertebral column; compress abdomen.
transversus aabdominis
compresses abdomen
latissimus dorsi
mover of arm extension; powerful arm adductor; medially rotates arm at shoulder; chin-up muscles
erector spinae
group of muscles running from the lumbar vertebra, sacrum, and iliac crest- movers of back extension.
the source of signals in the electromyography is the result of what
depolarization; chemical change
what is the relationship of clench strengths and voltages
More AP’s mean that there are more motor-units that are needed for contraction
ACL helps to
prevent the forward sliding of the tibia and hyperextension of the knee
Gouty arthritis
It causes sudden and intense attacks of joint pain, often in the big toe and at night. It can also strike joints in other toes or the ankle or knee. People with osteoarthritis in their fingers may experience their first gout attack in their finger joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic (long-lasting) autoimmune disease that mostly affects joints. RA occurs when the immune system, which normally helps protect the body from infection and disease, attacks its own tissues. The disease causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and loss of function in joints.
Osteoarthritis
a degenerative joint disease, in which the tissues in the joint break down over time. It is the most common type of arthritis and is more common in older people. People with osteoarthritis usually have joint pain and, after rest or inactivity, stiffness for a short period of time.
