Practical class 2 Flashcards
Female internal reproductive organs
uterus - fallopian tubes - vagina - ovaries
3 structures of the birth canal
cervix - vagina - uterus
3 layers of the uterus
perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium
Normal position of uterus
anteflexed and anteverted
Problems with retroverted, retroflexed uterus (pregnancy)
urinating problems - catch on sacrum and incarcerated uterus (blood)
Fornices of vagina
the recess around the protruding cervix
vaginal fornix and rectouterine pouch
posterior fornix communicates - route of infection
Cardinal ligament - other name and function
transverse cervical ligaments
main supports of uterus
Apart from pelvic fascia what other structure us important for support of uterus?
pelvic floor
4 parts of uterine tube
ampulla
isthmus
intramural
infundibulum
fertilisation occurs in what part of tube?
ampulla - longest and widest
ectopic pregnancy
blastocyst implants in mucosa of uterine tube
cornual ectopic
blastocyst implants between fallopian tube and uterus
2 ligaments associated with ovary and attachments
suspensory - ovary to lateral pelvic wall
ovarian - ovary to uterus
blood supply to gonads and genitalia
gonadal and internal iliac arteries
Vertebral level of gonadal arteries
L2
Pathway of ovarian artery
descends with suspensory ligament to supply ovaries via the broad ligament
What vessel does the ovarian artery anastamose with?
uterine artery
Where does the uterine artery cross the ureter?
level of ischial spine at junction of cervix
LN for labia and external part of vagina
superficial inguinal LN
ovary LN
para-aortic L2
Fundus and upper uterine body LN
pre-aortic
most part of uterine body LN
external iliac
uterine cervix and upper vagina LN
Internal iliac and sacral
lower vagina LN
sacral and common iliac
surface landmark of breast
vertically from 2nd-6th rib
laterally from lateral border of sternum to the anterior axillary line
breast related to what muscles?
pec major and serratus anterior
Branches of what arteries supply the breast?
subclavian and axillary
Arteries supplying the breast
thoraco-acromial
internal thoracic
lateral thoracic
main LN groups of breast
parasternal
axillary
supraclavicular
Inactive breast tissue histology
smaller ducts and adipose tissue predominates
Active breast histology
expansion of glandular tissue
adipose tissue replaces by glandular tissue
Lactating breast histology
glandular tissue hypertrophy
large ducts
Maternal and fetal side of placenta
maternal - disc shaped, rough and spongy
fetal - smooth, vessels, attachment of umbilical cord
4 functions of placenta
gas exchange
protection
hormone production
nutrition
When does placenta physiologically separate from uterine wall?
third stage of labour after delivery of fetus
3 blood vessels in umbilical cord
2 umbilical arteries
1 umbilical vein
Function of umbilical arteries in fetal circulation
carry deoxygenated, nutrient deprived blood to the mother
Which umbilical vein persists during fetal circulation
Left - round ligament of the liver
Function of umbilical veins in fetal circulation
carry oxygenated nutrient rich blood from placenta to fetus
2 fascial ligaments support uterus
pubocervical
sacrocervical
transverse cervical
cardinal
iliococcygeus function
anal tone
support pelvic viscera
Innervation of illiococcygeus
S4 - levator ani nerve
