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Repro anatomy (JK) > Practical class 1 > Flashcards

Practical class 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What structures comprise the superior pelvic aperture

A 
sacral promontory 
sacral ala
pubic symphysis 
pubic crest 
pecten pubis
arcuate line of ilium
pubic tubercle
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2
Q

4 parts of inferior pelvic aperture

A

inferior margin of pubic symphysis
inferior pubic rami
tip of coccyx
sacrotuberous ligament

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3
Q

True pelvis

A

between pelvic inlet and outlet - pelvic viscera

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4
Q

false pelvis

A

superior to pelvic inlet and supports lower abdominal viscera

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5
Q

Main differences between the male and female pelvis

A

Female - shallow, wide, small acetabulum, oval and rounded inlet and wide angle of outlet
male - deep and narrow, heart shaped inlet and small outlet

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6
Q

sacroiliac joint type

A

posterior - syndesmosis (fibrous)

anterior - synovial

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7
Q

pubic symphysis joint type

A

secondary cartilaginous

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8
Q

Which muscle occupies the lateral pelvic wall

A

obturator internus

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9
Q

Muscle of posterior wall of pelvis

A

piriformis

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10
Q

Which nerve network lies on the posterior wall of pelvis?

A

sacral plexus

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11
Q

What muscles comprise the levator ani?

A

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus

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12
Q

What 2 muscle groups form the pelvic floor?

A

levator ani and coccygeus

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13
Q

Functions of the pelvic floor

A

Urinary and faecal continence
support of abdominopelvic viscera
resist increased intra-abdominal pressure
support uterus

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14
Q

cystocoele

A

bladder drops into vagina due to weakening

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15
Q

rectocoele

A

bulging of front wall of rectum into the back wall of vagina

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16
Q

innervation of pelvic floor

A

S2-4

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17
Q

Injury to pelvic floor in childbirth

A

hormones and load –> muscles stretchy

poor blood supply for healing

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18
Q

Episiotomy advantages

A

prevent tearing of perineal body

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19
Q

Structures felt on PR examination

A

rectum - prostate - cervix - coccyx - ischial spines - vagina - vas deferens - sacral LN

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20
Q

Branches of which artery supply most of the pelvis?

A

internal iliac artery

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21
Q

5 pelvic veins

A 
internal iliac 
superior rectal 
median sacral 
gonadal 
internal vertebral venous plexus
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22
Q

Which part of rectum drains into
A - portal circulation
B - systemic circulation
what is significance of this?

A

A - upper part - superior rectal veins
B - middle and inferior rectal veins

portal hypertension - enlarge superior rectal veins

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23
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve origin, where it enters inguinal canal and what It supplies

A

L1 - superficial inguinal ring

skin at root of penis and labia

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24
Q

genitofemoral nerve origin and where it enters inguinal canal

A

L1-2

deep inguinal ring

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25
Q

What structures in males is supplied by genital branch of genito-femoral nerve and importance of this

A

anterior scrotum and cremaster muscle

sensation –> testicular pain

26
Q

Pudendal nerve course

A

follows pudendal artery

goes around sacrospinous

27
Q

what does the pudendal nerve innervate?

A

skin and muscles of perineum

28
Q

Bony landmarks used in pudendal nerve block during labour

A

ischial spines
ischial tuberosities
coccyx

29
Q

Level of sympathetic fibres from hypogastric plexus and what does it innervate?

A

L1,2

vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, epididymis

30
Q

Autonomic innervation of female genital tract

A

sympathetic - ovarian and pelvic plexus

para - S2-4 pelvic splanchnic nerves

31
Q

innervation of erectile structures in males and females

A

parasympathetic S2-4 via hypogastric plexus

32
Q

What are the erectile strcutures?

A

penis, scrotum, testis, corpora cavernosa

clitoris, bulbs of vestibule

33
Q

4 primary LN groups in pelvis

A

external iliac
internal iliac
sacral
common iliac

34
Q

Male internal reproductive organs

A 
testis 
ductus deferns/vas deferens
seminal vesicle 
prostate 
epididymis 
bulbourethral glands
35
Q

Purpose of testis being outside abdominopelvic cavity

A

thermoregulation for sperm production

36
Q

Layers of inguinal canal

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis
fascia transversalis

37
Q

main contents of spermatic cord

A

nerves
testicular artery
vas deferens/lymph vessels

38
Q

Function of spermatic cord

A

ovoid testis are suspended in scrotum by these

39
Q

Tough outer fibrous layer of testis

A

tunica albuginea

40
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

peritoneal sac covering the testis

41
Q

Hydrocoele

A

excess fluid In tunica vaginalis

42
Q

Vertebral level of testicular artery

A

L2

43
Q

2 structures the testicular arteries cross

A

ureters

inferior parts of external iliac arteries

44
Q

8-12 anastomosing veins associated with testis name

A

pampiniform venous plexus

45
Q

Right and left testicular vein drainage

A

right - IVC

Left - left renal vein

46
Q

Varicocoele

A

pampniform plexus dilate due to defective valves

often seen when standing

47
Q

2 LN groups receiving lymph from testis

A

right and left lumbar

pre-aortic

48
Q

Vas deferens course

A

origi

49
Q

How does the vas deferens terminate?

A

joining duct of seminal gland to form ejaculatory duct

50
Q

seminal vesicles secretion

A

thick alkaline fluid - major constituent of semen

51
Q

secretions of prostate

A

prostatic fluid = 15-30% semen

52
Q

Where do the bulbourethral glands empty into?

A

spongy/penile urethra

53
Q

bulbourethral gland secretion

A

mucus like secretion

54
Q

scrotum and penis LN drainage

A

superficial inguinal

55
Q

prostate LN drainage

A

internal iliac and sacral

56
Q

seminal vesicle LN drainage

A

external or internal iliac

57
Q

What travels through lesser sciatic foramen?

A

pudendal nerve

inferior pudendal artery and vein

58
Q

Leydig cells

A

interstitial cells of testis which produce testosterone

59
Q

Function of vas deferens

A

transport sperm from testis –> prostatic urethra

60
Q

Function of vas deferens

A

transport sperm from testis –> prostatic urethra

61
Q

Sertoli cells

A

testis - essential for spermatogenesis

Repro anatomy (JK) (3 decks)

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