Practical Applications Flashcards
1
Q
Definition of in situ?
A
-performed in the range states in the field where the animal lives
2
Q
Definition of ex situ?
A
-performed outside of the animal’s natural range status
3
Q
Definition of captive breeding programme?
A
- protected from threats from the outside world
- involves ‘ark paradigm’ (idea that zoo/conservation centre is a safety net where all these animals are gathered together in one place)
4
Q
Definition of conservation breeding programme?
A
-involves integration with in situ projects
5
Q
Preservation vs conservation?
A
- preserving a species in captivity isn’t the same as conserving what that species actually is
- conservation aims to maintain a species ability to adapt and change to future pressures
- if we preserve exactly what we have now then the species will not be able to survive in the future
6
Q
Behavioural ecology and in situ conservation?
A
- holistic conservation is the way forward (if we conserve the overall habitat we can conserve the species within it)
- population structure in time and space
- population demographic
- carrying capacity (how many individuals can the habitat support at the most unfavourable time of year, most limited resources etc)
- species long-term survival
7
Q
What are the ethics of conservation?
A
- work with people in the animal’s range state
- don’t put forward a westernised view of ‘how to conserve’
- consider the impact of people in the local area
- consider the ethics of moving and translocating animals
8
Q
What is included in welfare?
A
- physical components (nutrition, environment, physical health, behaviour)
- mental/psychological components (positive and negative experiences)
9
Q
How does animal behaviour science help define welfare?
A
- state of the individual (physiological measurements via behaviour, complete behavioural repertoire of the species)
- attempts at coping (stereotypes, self-directed behaviours, dysfunctional/abnormal behaviour patterns)
- effects of the environment (stressors, inadequate/impoverished environment, fight/flight response)
10
Q
What is environmental enrichment?
A
- an improvement in the biological functioning of a captive animal resulting from modifications to their environment
- evidence can include increased lifetime reproductive success, increased inclusive fitness or correlate of them
- needs to be biologically relevant: replicates key resource or environmental interaction, based on species ecology, promotion of important behaviours, enhances the performance of species-specific behaviour
- can come in variety of forms (physical, social, occupational, nutritional, sensory)
11
Q
What are the 5 welfare needs?
A
- animal welfare act of 2006
- relates to social group of animal and how it’s housed
- provision of correct diet and clean water
- suitable housing for the animal
- performance of natural behaviour
- veterinary intervention to ensure good quality animal health
12
Q
Positive or negative welfare?
A
- scientific study of affect
- can have behavioural assessment of normality (could come from our understanding of wild type time activity budgets/normal behaviours that animals perform)
- can measure physiological parameters that can support behavioural observation
- then determine what the animal gets from a positive situation rather than focusing on negative
- promote the positives rather than trying to fix negatives
13
Q
What is control and choice?
A
- way of ensuring that we promote positive welfare
- choice (what animal does and where it can do this activity)
- control (where it is, where it goes, what it can do and when)
- come from environmental enrichment (EE can’t compensate for inappropriate care that results in poor welfare)
- appetitive behaviours
- consummatory behaviours (have defined, fixed end point)
14
Q
What is motivation and behavioural need?
A
- animal has drive to do something, internally motivated
- performs the appetitive behaviour where the behaviour is more important than the end results
- reaches consummatory behaviour where they’re performed all actions to reach the goal
- feedback mechanisms than tell the animal to do something else
15
Q
What are abnormal repetitive behaviours?
A
- behaviours that are invariant and repetitive in their performance with no apparent function
- 2 categories: those of a repeated goal-oriented behaviour (impulsive or compulsive behaviours) and those of a repeated motor function (stereotypic behaviour)
- commonly observed in many species when housed in managed environment
- some argue they’re a coping mechanism as they lower physiological stress
