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Bacto practicals > Practical 3- Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Anaerobic cocci, Lactobacillus, Erysipelothrix, Listeria. > Flashcards

Practical 3- Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Anaerobic cocci, Lactobacillus, Erysipelothrix, Listeria. Flashcards

1
Q

STAPHYLOCOCCUS:

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Staining
A
  1. Habitat:
    - skin, mucous membrane, food, feed, plant, soil, water
  2. Morphology:
    - coccus, clusters, bunches of grape
  3. Staining:
    - Gram-positive
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2
Q
A

S.Aureus

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3
Q

Staphylococcus:
-Culture:

A

Culture:

  • simple: nutrient agar, nutrient broth
  • pigment production: golden yellow, white, carotenoid
  • haemolysis: β haemolysis (in some species double haemolysis), no haemolysis

Selective culture: 10% NaCl – mannitol – phenol red agar,
Na-tellurite – glycine – pyruvic acid – egg (Baird-Parker agar)

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4
Q
A

S.Aureus

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5
Q
A

Staphylococcus

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6
Q
A

Staphylococcus haemolysis

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7
Q
A

S.Aureus (salt-mannitol agar)

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8
Q
A

S.aureus (Baird-Parker agar)

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9
Q

Biochemistry of Staphylococcus:

A

Biochemistry:
-catalase: +, oxidase: -, fermentative

Extracellular enzymes: coagulase, fibrinolysin, hyaluronidase…

toxins: haemolysins, leucocidins ,enterotoxins, dermotoxin (exfoliative toxin) toxic shock syndrome toxins (TSST)

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10
Q

Staphylococcus :

  1. Antigens
  2. Resistance
  3. Pathogenecity
A
  1. Antigens:
    - complex (surface proteins, polysaccharides)
    - protein-A 7.

2.Resistance:
good

  1. Pathogenicity:
    local suppuration, abscesses, arthritis, mastitis, metritis, dermatitis, septicaemia
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11
Q

Staphylococcus:

  1. Species, pathogenicity
  2. Virulence factors
A
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12
Q

Staphylococcus: Coagulase positive species:

A

S. aureus susp. aureus:

  • biotypes, different hosts
  • cattle, swine, horse, sheep, dog, poultry etc.
  • MRSA: methicillin resistant S. aureus: human, dog, horse, pig

S. aureus subsp. anaerobius:
-sheep: Morel-disease

S. pseudointermedius:
-dog, cat: dermatitis, otitis externa

S. intermedius:

  • dog, horse, birds: mucous membranes
  • saprophyte
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13
Q

Staphylococcus: coagulase negatíve species:

A

S. epidermidis:
-wound infection (horse, dog)

S. haemolyticus:
- milk

  • S. hyicus:
  • a part of the strains is coagulase positive
  • porcine exudative epidermitis

S. gallinarum :
-dermatitis

S. equorum:
-dermatitis

S. felis

  • dermatitis
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14
Q
A

S.hyicus

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15
Q

MICROCOCCUS

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Biochemistry
  4. Pathogenicity
A
  1. Habitat:
    - environment, mucous membrane, food, skin
  2. Morphology:
    - coccus, clusters (grape)
  3. Biochemistry:
    - decomposition of glucose is aerobic or missing
  4. Pathogenicity:
    - saprophyte
    - to be differentiated from Staphylococci
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16
Q
A

M.Luteus

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17
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Staining
A
  1. Habitat:
    - skin, mucous membrane, food, milk
  2. Morphology:
    - spherical (coccus), chain, diplococci
    - capsule: only on some species ,hyaluronic acid or polysaccharide
  3. Staining:
    Gram-positive
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18
Q
A

S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus

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19
Q
A

S.Pneumonia

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20
Q
A

S.Mutans

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21
Q

Streptococcus, Culture:

A

Culture:
fastidious:
-blood agar, serum agar
-some strains need CO2

selective culture:
-crystal violet, thallium-SO4 , esculin, blood (Edwards-agar)

haemolysis:

  • α −haemolysis
  • β −haemolysis
  • no haemolysis (γ−haemolysis)
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22
Q
A

S. equi subsp. equi (Edwards agar)

23
Q
A

Streptococcus haemolysis

24
Q

Streptococcus: Biochemistry

A

Catalase -, oxidase -, fermentative

Utilisation of glycosides:

  • esculin
  • salicin

Extra cellular enzymes:

  • fibrinolysin,
  • hyaluronidase,
  • nucleases,
  • proteases

Toxins:
-some strains produce bacteriocins (probiotics)

25
Streptococcus: Antigens
- Complex - Group specific polysaccharide antigens: Lancefield A-V - Other type specific antigens - S. suis, S. pneumoniae: polysaccharide capsule antigens
26
Streptococcus: 1. Resistance 2. Pathogenicity
1. Resistance: - medium 2. Pathogenicity: - local suppuration, - metritis, mastitis, arthritis, - septicaemia: strangles -pneumonic diseases Virulence factors: - capsule - toxins, haemolysines - extra cellular enzymes - some surface proteins
27
Grouping of streptococcus:
Grouping: - haemolysis - biochemical characteristics - antigens - genome structure Groups : - pyogenic streptococci - oral streptococci - anginosus streptococci
28
Streptococcus: Species, pathogenicity
S. pyogenes: - capsule - some strains produce erythrogen toxin :bacteriophage encodes, phage conversion - human: scarlet fever ,purulent infections ,rheumatic fever ,human erysipelas (!) ,glomerulonephritis S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae, S. uberis: - cow, ruminants - mastitis S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis: - lymphadenitis, abortion (horse) S. equi - S. equi subsp. equi: horse strangles - S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus: in several animal species ,suppuration, septicaemia, mastitis, abortion S. suis: -septicaemia, arthritis, meningitis-encephalitis S. porcinus -lymphadenitis, abscesses S. canis -metritis, neonatal septicaemia S. salivarius, S. sanguis, S. mutans - oral streptococci - caries S. pneumoniae -calf, foal, human: pneumonia, meningitis
29
S.Pyrogens
30
Enterococcus: 1.Habitat 2.Morphology 3.Staining ​4.Culture
1. Habitat - gut - normal gut flora 2. Morphology - cocci, chains 3.Staining Gram-positive 4.Culture like streptococci • 10-45 oC, pH 9.6
31
Enterococcus: 1. Biochemistry 2. Antigens 3. Species, pathogenicity
1. Biochemistry - bacteriocin production 2. Antigens - Lancefield D 3. Species, pathogenicity - E. faecalis, - E. faecium, - E. avium, - E. gallinarum - mainly saprophytes, - sometimes arthritis, endocarditis, abscesses
32
E.faecalis
33
LACTOCOCCUS
- Lancefield N - fast lactose fermentation (homofermentation) - gut flora (probiotic) - dairy products (starter cultures: Bulgarian milk, butter) - L. lactis subsp. lactis - L. lactis subsp. cremoris - L. plantarum: silage production
34
Anaerobic cocci:
Habitat: - mucous membranes - saprophytes, sporadically inflammations Peptococcus: -metritis, arthritis, pneumonia Peptostreptococcus -metritis, arthritis, pneumonia Peptoniphilus: -arthritis, septicaemia Ruminococcus: -rumen, saprophytes Sarcina: -gut, saprophytes
35
Sacrina
36
Lactobacillus 1.Habitat 2.Morphology ​3.Staining
1. Habitat: - mucous membranes, gut, food, feed, plant - component of the normal flora (normal microbiota) 2. Morphology: - long, thin, sometimes curved rods 3. Staining: - Gram-positive
37
Lactobacillus sp.
38
L.acidophilus
39
L.Rhamnosus
40
Lactobacillus: 1.Culture 2. Biochemistry 3. Pathogenecity
1. Culture: - microaerophilic - optimal temperature 30-40 oC (2-53 oC), - pH 5.5-6.2 2. Biochemistry: - active fermentation, - lactate pH 4.0 - silage production, pickling 3. Pathogencity: - saprophytes - mucous membranes (protective effect, probiotic) - dairy industry
41
Lactobacillus, species:
Species: - L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus: yogurt production - L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis: dairy industry - L. acidophilus: mucous membranes, dairy industry - L. salivarius: gut, probioticum - L. plantarum: silage production, dairy industry
42
ERYSIPELOTHRIX 1. Habitat 2. Morphology 3. Staining
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae E. tonsillarum 1. Habitat: - alimentary tract (swine tonsils), mud, slime of fishes, water 2. Morphology: - 1-3 µm thin rods (S type), chains, filaments (R type) 3. Staining: - Gram-positive
43
E.Rhusiopathiae R
44
Erysipelothrix: Culture
Culture: - nutrient agar, - replication 5-42 oC, pH 6.7-9.2 - blood agar: some strains α haemolysis - S-R colonies :agar ,broth: S: uniform turbidity , R: sediment -selective culture: NaN3 + crystal violet , neomycin
45
E.Rhusiopathiae
46
E.Rhusiopathiae
47
Erysipelothrix: 1. Biochemistry 2. Antigens 3. Resistance 4. Pathogenicity
1. Biochemistry: - catalase -, - oxidase -, - fermentative, - extra cellular enzymes - neuraminidase: binding to endothelial cells, hyaluronidase:spreading 2. Antigens: - two common protein antigens :protection - type specific polysaccharide haptens :1-26: diagnostics 3. Resistance: - good, halotolerance, soil 4. Pathogenicity: Facultative pathogenic -swine: erysipelas -sheep: wound infection -birds: septicaemia -humans: wound infection (erysipeloid)
48
E. tonsillarum:
- no biochemical difference - serotype 7 and further 6 serotypes - present on tonsils of swine, - endocarditis of dogs
49
Listeria: 1. Habitat 2. Morphology 3.Staning
1. Habitat: soil, sewage, plants, silage, gut, food 2. Morphology: 1-2 µm thick rods, flagella are produced on in room temperature (22 oC) 3. Staining: Gram-positive
50
Listeria: 1.Culture
Culture: - simple : nutrient agar, nutrient broth, - β haemolysis, - 4-45 oC - pH 5.5-9.6 - selective: cattle serum – trypaflavin – nalidixic acid -selective enrichment :cold enrichment: at 4 oC , U-tube method
51
L.Monocytogenes
52
Listeria: 1.Biochemistry 2. Antigens 3. Resistance
1. Biochemistry: - catalase +, oxidase -, fermentative - virulence factors :listeriolysin O (haemolysin): intra cellular replication ,monocytosis factor: cell wall, lipoid 2. Antigens: cell wall polysaccharide, flagellar protein ,13 serotypes (composite): most common ones: 1/2a, 4b 3. Resistance: survives in soil for months, propagation in soil!
53
Listeria: Pathogenicity
Pathogenicity: Facultative pathogenic Virulence: -haemolysis -Lipolysis -monocytosis factor -cell wall lipoids - sheep: mainly encephalitis ,abortion, septicaemia - cattle: mainly abortion ,encephalitis - rabbit: septicaemia, abortion - humans: abortion, newborn septicaemia, encephalitis - birds: septicaemia
54
Listeria: Species
-L. monocytogenes - L. ivanovii - stronger haemolysis, - serotype 5 - facultative intra cellular agents - several saprophytic species

Bacto practicals (8 decks)

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