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Bacto practicals > Practical 3- Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Anaerobic cocci, Lactobacillus, Erysipelothrix, Listeria. > Flashcards

Practical 3- Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Anaerobic cocci, Lactobacillus, Erysipelothrix, Listeria. Flashcards

1
Q

STAPHYLOCOCCUS:

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Staining
A
  1. Habitat:
    - skin, mucous membrane, food, feed, plant, soil, water
  2. Morphology:
    - coccus, clusters, bunches of grape
  3. Staining:
    - Gram-positive
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2
Q
A

S.Aureus

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3
Q

Staphylococcus:
-Culture:

A

Culture:

  • simple: nutrient agar, nutrient broth
  • pigment production: golden yellow, white, carotenoid
  • haemolysis: β haemolysis (in some species double haemolysis), no haemolysis

Selective culture: 10% NaCl – mannitol – phenol red agar,
Na-tellurite – glycine – pyruvic acid – egg (Baird-Parker agar)

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4
Q
A

S.Aureus

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5
Q
A

Staphylococcus

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6
Q
A

Staphylococcus haemolysis

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7
Q
A

S.Aureus (salt-mannitol agar)

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8
Q
A

S.aureus (Baird-Parker agar)

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9
Q

Biochemistry of Staphylococcus:

A

Biochemistry:
-catalase: +, oxidase: -, fermentative

Extracellular enzymes: coagulase, fibrinolysin, hyaluronidase…

toxins: haemolysins, leucocidins ,enterotoxins, dermotoxin (exfoliative toxin) toxic shock syndrome toxins (TSST)

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10
Q

Staphylococcus :

  1. Antigens
  2. Resistance
  3. Pathogenecity
A
  1. Antigens:
    - complex (surface proteins, polysaccharides)
    - protein-A 7.

2.Resistance:
good

  1. Pathogenicity:
    local suppuration, abscesses, arthritis, mastitis, metritis, dermatitis, septicaemia
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11
Q

Staphylococcus:

  1. Species, pathogenicity
  2. Virulence factors
A
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12
Q

Staphylococcus: Coagulase positive species:

A

S. aureus susp. aureus:

  • biotypes, different hosts
  • cattle, swine, horse, sheep, dog, poultry etc.
  • MRSA: methicillin resistant S. aureus: human, dog, horse, pig

S. aureus subsp. anaerobius:
-sheep: Morel-disease

S. pseudointermedius:
-dog, cat: dermatitis, otitis externa

S. intermedius:

  • dog, horse, birds: mucous membranes
  • saprophyte
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13
Q

Staphylococcus: coagulase negatíve species:

A

S. epidermidis:
-wound infection (horse, dog)

S. haemolyticus:
- milk

  • S. hyicus:
  • a part of the strains is coagulase positive
  • porcine exudative epidermitis

S. gallinarum :
-dermatitis

S. equorum:
-dermatitis

S. felis

  • dermatitis
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14
Q
A

S.hyicus

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15
Q

MICROCOCCUS

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Biochemistry
  4. Pathogenicity
A
  1. Habitat:
    - environment, mucous membrane, food, skin
  2. Morphology:
    - coccus, clusters (grape)
  3. Biochemistry:
    - decomposition of glucose is aerobic or missing
  4. Pathogenicity:
    - saprophyte
    - to be differentiated from Staphylococci
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16
Q
A

M.Luteus

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17
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Staining
A
  1. Habitat:
    - skin, mucous membrane, food, milk
  2. Morphology:
    - spherical (coccus), chain, diplococci
    - capsule: only on some species ,hyaluronic acid or polysaccharide
  3. Staining:
    Gram-positive
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18
Q
A

S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus

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19
Q
A

S.Pneumonia

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20
Q
A

S.Mutans

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21
Q

Streptococcus, Culture:

A

Culture:
fastidious:
-blood agar, serum agar
-some strains need CO2

selective culture:
-crystal violet, thallium-SO4 , esculin, blood (Edwards-agar)

haemolysis:

  • α −haemolysis
  • β −haemolysis
  • no haemolysis (γ−haemolysis)
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22
Q
A

S. equi subsp. equi (Edwards agar)

23
Q
A

Streptococcus haemolysis

24
Q

Streptococcus: Biochemistry

A

Catalase -, oxidase -, fermentative

Utilisation of glycosides:

  • esculin
  • salicin

Extra cellular enzymes:

  • fibrinolysin,
  • hyaluronidase,
  • nucleases,
  • proteases

Toxins:
-some strains produce bacteriocins (probiotics)

25
Q

Streptococcus: Antigens

A
  • Complex
  • Group specific polysaccharide antigens: Lancefield A-V
  • Other type specific antigens
  • S. suis, S. pneumoniae: polysaccharide capsule antigens
26
Q

Streptococcus:

  1. Resistance
  2. Pathogenicity
A
  1. Resistance:
    - medium
  2. Pathogenicity:
    - local suppuration,
    - metritis, mastitis, arthritis,
    - septicaemia: strangles

-pneumonic diseases

Virulence factors:

  • capsule
  • toxins, haemolysines
  • extra cellular enzymes
  • some surface proteins
27
Q

Grouping of streptococcus:

A

Grouping:

  • haemolysis
  • biochemical characteristics
  • antigens
  • genome structure

Groups :

  • pyogenic streptococci
  • oral streptococci
  • anginosus streptococci
28
Q

Streptococcus: Species, pathogenicity

A

S. pyogenes:

  • capsule
  • some strains produce erythrogen toxin :bacteriophage encodes, phage conversion
  • human: scarlet fever ,purulent infections ,rheumatic fever ,human erysipelas (!) ,glomerulonephritis

S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae, S. uberis:

  • cow, ruminants
  • mastitis

S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis:
- lymphadenitis, abortion (horse)

S. equi

  • S. equi subsp. equi: horse strangles
  • S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus: in several animal species ,suppuration, septicaemia, mastitis, abortion

S. suis:
-septicaemia, arthritis, meningitis-encephalitis

S. porcinus
-lymphadenitis, abscesses

S. canis
-metritis, neonatal septicaemia

S. salivarius, S. sanguis, S. mutans

  • oral streptococci
  • caries

S. pneumoniae
-calf, foal, human: pneumonia, meningitis

29
Q
A

S.Pyrogens

30
Q

Enterococcus:
1.Habitat
2.Morphology
3.Staining
​4.Culture

A
  1. Habitat
    - gut
    - normal gut flora
  2. Morphology
    - cocci, chains

3.Staining
Gram-positive

4.Culture
like streptococci • 10-45 oC, pH 9.6

31
Q

Enterococcus:

  1. Biochemistry
  2. Antigens
  3. Species, pathogenicity
A
  1. Biochemistry
    - bacteriocin production
  2. Antigens
    - Lancefield D
  3. Species, pathogenicity
    - E. faecalis,
    - E. faecium,
    - E. avium,
    - E. gallinarum
    - mainly saprophytes,
    - sometimes arthritis, endocarditis, abscesses
32
Q
A

E.faecalis

33
Q

LACTOCOCCUS

A
  • Lancefield N
  • fast lactose fermentation (homofermentation)
  • gut flora (probiotic)
  • dairy products (starter cultures: Bulgarian milk, butter)
  • L. lactis subsp. lactis
  • L. lactis subsp. cremoris
  • L. plantarum: silage production
34
Q

Anaerobic cocci:

A

Habitat:

  • mucous membranes
  • saprophytes, sporadically inflammations

Peptococcus:
-metritis, arthritis, pneumonia

Peptostreptococcus
-metritis, arthritis, pneumonia

Peptoniphilus:
-arthritis, septicaemia

Ruminococcus:
-rumen, saprophytes

Sarcina:
-gut, saprophytes

35
Q
36
Q

Lactobacillus
1.Habitat
2.Morphology
​3.Staining

A
  1. Habitat:
    - mucous membranes, gut, food, feed, plant
    - component of the normal flora (normal microbiota)
  2. Morphology:
    - long, thin, sometimes curved rods
  3. Staining:
    - Gram-positive
37
Q
A

Lactobacillus sp.

38
Q
A

L.acidophilus

39
Q
A

L.Rhamnosus

40
Q

Lactobacillus:
1.Culture

  1. Biochemistry
  2. Pathogenecity
A
  1. Culture:
    - microaerophilic
    - optimal temperature 30-40 oC (2-53 oC),
    - pH 5.5-6.2
  2. Biochemistry:
    - active fermentation,
    - lactate pH 4.0
    - silage production, pickling
  3. Pathogencity:
    - saprophytes
  • mucous membranes (protective effect, probiotic)
  • dairy industry
41
Q

Lactobacillus, species:

A

Species:

  • L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus: yogurt production
  • L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis: dairy industry
  • L. acidophilus: mucous membranes, dairy industry
  • L. salivarius: gut, probioticum
  • L. plantarum: silage production, dairy industry
42
Q

ERYSIPELOTHRIX

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Staining
A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

E. tonsillarum

  1. Habitat:
    - alimentary tract (swine tonsils), mud, slime of fishes, water
  2. Morphology:
    - 1-3 µm thin rods (S type), chains, filaments (R type)
  3. Staining:
    - Gram-positive
43
Q
A

E.Rhusiopathiae R

44
Q

Erysipelothrix: Culture

A

Culture:

  • nutrient agar,
  • replication 5-42 oC, pH 6.7-9.2
  • blood agar: some strains α haemolysis
  • S-R colonies :agar ,broth: S: uniform turbidity , R: sediment

-selective culture: NaN3 + crystal violet , neomycin

45
Q
A

E.Rhusiopathiae

46
Q
A

E.Rhusiopathiae

47
Q

Erysipelothrix:

  1. Biochemistry
  2. Antigens
  3. Resistance
  4. Pathogenicity
A
  1. Biochemistry:
    - catalase -,
    - oxidase -,
    - fermentative,
    - extra cellular enzymes
    - neuraminidase: binding to endothelial cells, hyaluronidase:spreading
  2. Antigens:
    - two common protein antigens :protection
    - type specific polysaccharide haptens :1-26: diagnostics
  3. Resistance:
    - good, halotolerance, soil
  4. Pathogenicity:
    Facultative pathogenic
    -swine: erysipelas
    -sheep: wound infection
    -birds: septicaemia
    -humans: wound infection (erysipeloid)
48
Q

E. tonsillarum:

A
  • no biochemical difference
  • serotype 7 and further 6 serotypes
  • present on tonsils of swine,
  • endocarditis of dogs
49
Q

Listeria:

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology

3.Staning

A
  1. Habitat: soil, sewage, plants, silage, gut, food
  2. Morphology: 1-2 µm thick rods, flagella are produced on in room temperature (22 oC)
  3. Staining: Gram-positive
50
Q

Listeria:
1.Culture

A

Culture:

  • simple : nutrient agar, nutrient broth,
  • β haemolysis,
  • 4-45 oC
  • pH 5.5-9.6
  • selective: cattle serum – trypaflavin – nalidixic acid

-selective enrichment :cold enrichment: at 4 oC , U-tube method

51
Q
A

L.Monocytogenes

52
Q

Listeria:
1.Biochemistry

  1. Antigens
  2. Resistance
A
  1. Biochemistry:
    - catalase +, oxidase -, fermentative
    - virulence factors :listeriolysin O (haemolysin): intra cellular replication ,monocytosis factor: cell wall, lipoid
  2. Antigens: cell wall polysaccharide, flagellar protein ,13 serotypes (composite): most common ones: 1/2a, 4b
  3. Resistance: survives in soil for months, propagation in soil!
53
Q

Listeria: Pathogenicity

A

Pathogenicity:

Facultative pathogenic
Virulence:
-haemolysis
-Lipolysis
-monocytosis factor
-cell wall lipoids

  • sheep: mainly encephalitis ,abortion, septicaemia
  • cattle: mainly abortion ,encephalitis
  • rabbit: septicaemia, abortion
  • humans: abortion, newborn septicaemia, encephalitis
  • birds: septicaemia
54
Q

Listeria: Species

A

-L. monocytogenes

  • L. ivanovii
  • stronger haemolysis,
  • serotype 5
  • facultative intra cellular agents
  • several saprophytic species

Bacto practicals (8 decks)

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