practical 3- inflammation Flashcards
state the difference in histological change in tissue during acute and chronic inflammation
production of fluid exudate in acute inflammation
this is replaced with fibrous tissue in chronic inflammation
why does inflammation occur
occurs in response to microbiological infection, trauma including physical, chemical, hypersensitivity and necrosis of surrounding tissue
what does inflammation indicate
indicates repair is required
what does the inflammation process involve
progressive changes which start from original damage (not destroyed) to final healing
what are the 4 characteristics of inflammation on the skin
rubor - red
tumor - swelling
dolor - pain
calor - heat
what are the 2 classifications of inflammation
acute- exudative
chronic- productive or formative
what does acute inflammation produce
exudate
what are the 3 principle events of acute inflammation
vasodilation
increased vascular permeability (due to fluid exudate)
margination, emigration and chemotaxis of leukocytes from blood into tissues
give an example of serious inflammation
blister- thermal injury
comprises of fluid with a few leukocytes
give a characteristic of suppurative inflammation
pus
give 5 types of acute inflammation
catarrhal muco-purulent pseudomembranous fibrinous haemorrhagic
in terms of outcomes of acute inflammation, what happens when there is no tissue damage
exudate is reabsorbed and tissue restored to normal
in terms of outcomes of acute inflammation, what happens when the tissue is destroyed
chronic inflammation occurs
what is meant by chronic inflammation
process where there is continuing inflammation in addition to healing, result of longer exposure to injury
what accompanies chronic inflammation
acute inflammation, they both often occur together
chronic inflammation usually occurs after what 2 processes, give an example each
acute inflammation e.g. continued presence of a foreign body (splinter)
result of a long term, low grade injury e.g. ingestion of silica into lungs (silicosis)
chronic inflammation is characterized by which 3 things
production of fibrous tissue (by fibroblasts)
high concentration of macrophages and lymphocytes
fewer neutrophils
what are the 7 cells of chronic inflammation
macrophages langhans cells touton cells aschoff giant-cells eosinophils lymphocytes plasma cells
when would we find langhan cells
TB, fungal infections, syphilis
what is the function of Touton giant cells, when would we find them
phagocytose lipids
in dermatofibroma
when would we find aschoff giant-cells
collagen diseases such as rheumatic fever
what is the function of eosinophils
neutralise histamine and 5-HT
process antigens
phagocytose Ab-Ag complexes
what are the 2 types of lymphocytes and what is their function
T lymphocytes- cellular immunity, produce soluble factors such as lymphokines which are important in mediating chronic inflammation
B lymphocytes- humoral/Ab immunity
what is the function of plasma cells
produced from differentiated B cells, secrete Ab’s
what does haematoxylin stain
nucleic acids
what does eosin stain
cell cytoplasm, collagen and muscle
what is the masson trichome and mallory trichome stain used for
to distinguish collagen from muscle
what is the MSB (martius scarlet blue) stain used for
to show fibrin
what is fibrin and which tissues is it seen in
an insoluble fibrillary protein formed from fibrinogen
seen in tissues in acute inflammation
how is the MSB (martius scarlet blue) stain applied
based on size of dye molecules
smaller dye molecules are applied first, then larger
state the 3 components that make up the MSB (martius scarlet blue) dye
martius yellow (small acid dye)
brilliant crystal scarlet (medium acid dye)
methyl blue (large acid dye)
in MSB staining, what structures does martius yellow dye stain
why do we wash it with water after
stains all basic structures with +ve charge
enters collagen easily
muscle less easily
erythrocytes least easily
to remove the dye from less dense structures such as collagen and muscle
in MSB staining, what structures does the brilliant crystal scarlet dye stain
why do we wash with phosphotungstic acid after
stains muscle and collagen
removes dye from collagen
in MSB staining, what structures does the methyl blue dye stain
how do we remove the excess blue dye
stains collagen
washing with 1% acetic acid
describe the following cell nuclei in terms of lobes
neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil
lymphocyte
3-5 lobed nucleus
2 lobed nucleus, corse orange cytoplasmic granules
2 lobed nucleus, corse black/blue cytoplasmic granules
no lobed nucleus
what is the difference between a sub-acute and gangrenous appendix
gangrenous- neutrophils in lumen
ulceration of tissue
larger and more numerous lymphoid follicles in lamina propria and submucosa
with an MSB stain, what colour do nuclei, RBCs, fibrin, muscle and collagen stain
blue/black yellow red red blue
with a H&E stain, what colour do nuclei, fibrin, muscle and cytoplasm stain
purple
pink
pink
pink
what is are the first 2 stains used in MSB staining
stain in celestine blue solution
stain in haematoxylin
after using haematoxylin in MSB staining, what is used to differentiate the stain
differentiate in 1% acid alcohol
rinse in 95% alcohol
what stains are used after differentiating in MSB staining
stain in martius yellow
stain in brilliant crystal scarlet
in MSB staining, what do we do after staining with brilliant crystal scarlet, what dye do we stain with after that
treat with phosphotungstic acid solution
methyl blue solution
what are the final steps in MSB staining, after using methyl blue solution
rinse in 1% acetic acid
dehydrate through ascending alcohols
clean in xylene
mount in DePeX
