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pathology coursework exam > practical 3- inflammation > Flashcards

practical 3- inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

state the difference in histological change in tissue during acute and chronic inflammation

A

production of fluid exudate in acute inflammation

this is replaced with fibrous tissue in chronic inflammation

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2
Q

why does inflammation occur

A

occurs in response to microbiological infection, trauma including physical, chemical, hypersensitivity and necrosis of surrounding tissue

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3
Q

what does inflammation indicate

A

indicates repair is required

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4
Q

what does the inflammation process involve

A

progressive changes which start from original damage (not destroyed) to final healing

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5
Q

what are the 4 characteristics of inflammation on the skin

A

rubor - red

tumor - swelling

dolor - pain

calor - heat

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6
Q

what are the 2 classifications of inflammation

A

acute- exudative

chronic- productive or formative

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7
Q

what does acute inflammation produce

A

exudate

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8
Q

what are the 3 principle events of acute inflammation

A

vasodilation

increased vascular permeability (due to fluid exudate)

margination, emigration and chemotaxis of leukocytes from blood into tissues

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9
Q

give an example of serious inflammation

A

blister- thermal injury

comprises of fluid with a few leukocytes

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10
Q

give a characteristic of suppurative inflammation

A

pus

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11
Q

give 5 types of acute inflammation

A 
catarrhal
muco-purulent
pseudomembranous
fibrinous
haemorrhagic
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12
Q

in terms of outcomes of acute inflammation, what happens when there is no tissue damage

A

exudate is reabsorbed and tissue restored to normal

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13
Q

in terms of outcomes of acute inflammation, what happens when the tissue is destroyed

A

chronic inflammation occurs

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14
Q

what is meant by chronic inflammation

A

process where there is continuing inflammation in addition to healing, result of longer exposure to injury

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15
Q

what accompanies chronic inflammation

A

acute inflammation, they both often occur together

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16
Q

chronic inflammation usually occurs after what 2 processes, give an example each

A

acute inflammation e.g. continued presence of a foreign body (splinter)

result of a long term, low grade injury e.g. ingestion of silica into lungs (silicosis)

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17
Q

chronic inflammation is characterized by which 3 things

A

production of fibrous tissue (by fibroblasts)

high concentration of macrophages and lymphocytes

fewer neutrophils

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18
Q

what are the 7 cells of chronic inflammation

A 
macrophages
langhans cells
touton cells
aschoff giant-cells
eosinophils
lymphocytes
plasma cells
19
Q

when would we find langhan cells

A

TB, fungal infections, syphilis

20
Q

what is the function of Touton giant cells, when would we find them

A

phagocytose lipids

in dermatofibroma

21
Q

when would we find aschoff giant-cells

A

collagen diseases such as rheumatic fever

22
Q

what is the function of eosinophils

A

neutralise histamine and 5-HT
process antigens
phagocytose Ab-Ag complexes

23
Q

what are the 2 types of lymphocytes and what is their function

A

T lymphocytes- cellular immunity, produce soluble factors such as lymphokines which are important in mediating chronic inflammation

B lymphocytes- humoral/Ab immunity

24
Q

what is the function of plasma cells

A

produced from differentiated B cells, secrete Ab’s

25
Q

what does haematoxylin stain

A

nucleic acids

26
Q

what does eosin stain

A

cell cytoplasm, collagen and muscle

27
Q

what is the masson trichome and mallory trichome stain used for

A

to distinguish collagen from muscle

28
Q

what is the MSB (martius scarlet blue) stain used for

A

to show fibrin

29
Q

what is fibrin and which tissues is it seen in

A

an insoluble fibrillary protein formed from fibrinogen

seen in tissues in acute inflammation

30
Q

how is the MSB (martius scarlet blue) stain applied

A

based on size of dye molecules

smaller dye molecules are applied first, then larger

31
Q

state the 3 components that make up the MSB (martius scarlet blue) dye

A

martius yellow (small acid dye)

brilliant crystal scarlet (medium acid dye)

methyl blue (large acid dye)

32
Q

in MSB staining, what structures does martius yellow dye stain

why do we wash it with water after

A

stains all basic structures with +ve charge
enters collagen easily
muscle less easily
erythrocytes least easily

to remove the dye from less dense structures such as collagen and muscle

33
Q

in MSB staining, what structures does the brilliant crystal scarlet dye stain

why do we wash with phosphotungstic acid after

A

stains muscle and collagen

removes dye from collagen

34
Q

in MSB staining, what structures does the methyl blue dye stain

how do we remove the excess blue dye

A

stains collagen

washing with 1% acetic acid

35
Q

describe the following cell nuclei in terms of lobes

neutrophil

eosinophil

basophil

lymphocyte

A

3-5 lobed nucleus

2 lobed nucleus, corse orange cytoplasmic granules

2 lobed nucleus, corse black/blue cytoplasmic granules

no lobed nucleus

36
Q

what is the difference between a sub-acute and gangrenous appendix

A

gangrenous- neutrophils in lumen
ulceration of tissue
larger and more numerous lymphoid follicles in lamina propria and submucosa

37
Q

with an MSB stain, what colour do nuclei, RBCs, fibrin, muscle and collagen stain

A 
blue/black
yellow
red
red
blue
38
Q

with a H&E stain, what colour do nuclei, fibrin, muscle and cytoplasm stain

A

purple
pink
pink
pink

39
Q

what is are the first 2 stains used in MSB staining

A

stain in celestine blue solution

stain in haematoxylin

40
Q

after using haematoxylin in MSB staining, what is used to differentiate the stain

A

differentiate in 1% acid alcohol

rinse in 95% alcohol

41
Q

what stains are used after differentiating in MSB staining

A

stain in martius yellow

stain in brilliant crystal scarlet

42
Q

in MSB staining, what do we do after staining with brilliant crystal scarlet, what dye do we stain with after that

A

treat with phosphotungstic acid solution

methyl blue solution

43
Q

what are the final steps in MSB staining, after using methyl blue solution

A

rinse in 1% acetic acid
dehydrate through ascending alcohols
clean in xylene
mount in DePeX

pathology coursework exam (5 decks)

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