Practical 3 Flashcards
Location of sublingual salivary gland
Underneath the tongue
Location of the submandibular salivary gland
Along the mandible
Crown of an incisor or molar
The portion above the gums
Root of an incisor or molar
The portion that is in the gums of the mouth
Enamel of an incisor or molar
The outer portion of the tooth that is not only above the gum line but is a part of the tooth itself (white outer part) labeled #4 on both incisor and molar
Location of parotid salivary gland
& why (stenson’s duct)
Right below the ear
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The parotid duct or Stensen duct is a duct and the route that saliva takes from the major salivary gland, the parotid gland into the mouth.
What is the pulp cavity of a tooth?
The pink park of the tooth that contains the nerves and is a very sensitive part of a tooth
Dentin of an incisor or molar
The slightly off white color of the tooth. Labeled #6 on both molar and incisor. Between the enamel and the pulp cavity
Pharynx & N.O.L.
After food leaves the mouth, it enters the pharynx. Nasopharynx, oropharynx, & laryngopharynx
Epiglottis
cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe.
Esophagus
The narrow tube posterior to the heart and the trachea in the thoracic cavity. Contracts via peristalsis (propels food into the stomach)
Gastroesophageal sphincter also called; cardiac sphincter and lower esophageal sphincter
Prevents the contents of the stomach from regurgitating into the esophagus
Rugae of the stomach
Interior folds of the stomach that allow it to expand considerably when filled with food.
The stomach region: fundus
The dome shaped region of the stomach
The stomach region: body
The middle of the stomach region
The stomach region: pyloric portion
The lower part of the stomach that is the leaving part.
Pyloric sphincter of the stomach
Separates the stomach from the initial portion of the small intestine.
Pancreatic duct
Comes together with the common bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla that flows into the small intestine
Cystic duct
Bile is ejected through this duct. And it joins with the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct.
Left and right hepatic duct
Are in their lobes and then they come together to form the common hepatic duct.
Common hepatic duct
Formed by the left and right hepatic duct and then conjoins with cystic duct to make the common bile duct
The 4 lobes of the liver
Right, left, caudate and quadrate
Falciform ligament
Ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior (ventral) body wall.
Common bile duct
When the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct joins together to create this. And then empties into the duodenum
Duodenum of the small intestine
The initial portion of the small intestine. Measures 10 inches
Jejunum of the small intestine
The middle portion of the small intestine. Measure about 8 feet.
Ileum portion of the small intestine
The terminal end of the small intestine. Measures 12 feet long.
Mesentery
A fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen. Holds the intestine together
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Where all the ducts combine and the end where it empties into the duodenum.
Ileocecal valve
valve that separates the small intestine and the large intestine. Its critical function is to limit the reflux of colonic contents into the ileum.
Vermiform appendix
A blind-ended sac that extends from the cecum and contains lymphatic nodules
Haustrum of the large intestine
Pouches along the large intestine
Tenia coli of the large intestine
The bands of longitudinal smooth muscle of the large intestine that pulls it into the pouches called the haustrum. (The middle of the large intestine)
Cecum of the large intestine
The pouch that receives contents from the ileum. Weird looking bottom portion of the ascending colon.
Ascending colon of the large intestine
Looking straight on; left straight part of the large intestine.
Right colic flexure of the large intestine
The curvature after the ascending colon (righter part of the body)
Transverse colon of the large intestine
The top flat portion of the large intestine. Proceeds the right colic flexure.
The _____ are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two _____ filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid.
Left and right kidneys
The innermost layer of connective tissue that encases each kidney like plastic wrap
Renal capsule
an indentation in the surface of a kidney, spleen, or other organ, where blood vessels, ducts, nerve fibers, etc., enter or leave it.
Hilum
The most superficial region, dark brown bc it consists of many blood vessels that serve the tiny blood filtering structures of the kidney
Renal cortex
The kidneys middle region. Consists of triangular sections known as ____ pyramids.
Renal medulla & renal pyramids
The medullary pyramids are separated from one another by inward extensions of the renal cortex
Renal columns
The ______ _______ is the location where the renal pyramids in the medulla empty urine into the minor calyx in the kidney. Histologically it is marked by medullary collecting ducts converging to form a papillary duct to channel the fluid.
Renal papillae
Minor calyces
The narrow area that drains into the major calyx
The large area that helps drain urine into the renal pelvis
Major calyx
The major calyx drains into what?
Renal pelvis
Nephrons that are entirely in the renal cortex
Cortical nephrons
___ nephrons have longer nephron loops that extend into the renal medulla
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Ureter
the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder
The muscle of the bladder
Detrusor muscle
The opening into the bladder from the ureter
Ureteric orifices
Internal urethral sphincter
Involuntary muscle in the bladder
External urethral sphincter
Voluntary muscle of the bladder
External urethral orifice
Where the unrobe exists
Blood supply of the bladder
The first branch of renal artery
Segmental artery
Blood supply of the bladder
The second
Found between the pyramids
Inter lobar artery
Blood supply of the bladder
3rd
Around the top of the pyramid
Arcuate artery
Blood supply of the bladder
4th
Branch into afferent arterioles
Interlobular Arteries
Blood supply of the bladder
Drains the vasa recta ; connect the arcuate veins
Interlobular veins
Blood supply of the bladder
Found between the pyramids
Drains the renal vein
Interlobar vein
What consists of the Nephron loop?
The descending limb and the ascending limb
Scrotum
Sac of skin and connective tissue. Holds the balls
Testis (testes)
Where sperm is produced
What are the testes surrounded by? An outer connective tissue sheath
Tunica vaginalis
What is the inner sheath of the testes? Divides the interior of the testes into lobules
Tunica albuginea
Tightly coiled tubes where the production of sperm takes place
Seminiferous tubules
Exit of the testes to the epididymis
Rete testes
First segment of the duct system where the sperm go to mature
Epididymis
After sperm mature and leave the epididymis into this long tube
Vas deferens
The structure that contains the vas deferens, testicular artery, testicular veins, and nerves
Spermatic cord
The point where the vas deferens joins with the seminal vesicle
Ejaculatory duct
the _______ is a thin layer of skeletal muscle found in the inguinal canal and scrotum between the external and internal layers of spermatic fascia, surrounding the testis and spermatic cord.The muscle moves the testes, promoting healthy and mobile sperm. It also changes the testes’ temperature, both lowering and raising the testes to control the temperature.
cremaster muscle
There are ___ parts of the urethra in the male
4 Prostatic Membranous Spongy External urethral orifice
1st after the ejaculatory duct. Part of the urethra
Prostatic urethra
2nd Part of the urethra after it exits the prostate gland
Membranous urethra
Urethra that is part of the penis
Spongy urethra
Where semen and pee leaves the penis
External urethral orifice
Makes the liquid that mixes with the sperm from the vas deferens to make semen
Seminal vesicle
This gland secrets fluid to nourish and protect the sperm
Prostate gland
“Pre-cum” comes from this gland, produces secretion prior to ejaculation
Bulbourethral glands (cowper’s gland)
Sperm is composed of what three parts
Head, midpeice, and tail
What are the four parts of the penis
Glans penis, prepuce (foreskin), corpus spongiosum, corpora cavernosa
GFSC
The single ____ _____ is part of one of three erectile bodies. Surrounds the spongy urethra
Corpus spongiosum
The paired ____ _____ dorsal one of three erectile bodies
Corpora cavernosa
The tip of the penis that is one of three erectile bodies
Gland penis
Developing oocytes are encased in follicles that have 4 stages of maturation
Primordial, primary, secondary, and vasicular follicle
PPSV
The uterine tube (fallopian) divides into 4 structures
Fimbriae, Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
FIAS
Where does fertilization usually occurs?
In the ampulla of the fallopian tube(s)
What is the top of the uterus called?
Fundus of uterus
What is the whole mass (middle) of the uterus called?
Body of uterus
What connects the uterus and the vagina
The cervix
What are the layers of the wall of the uterus?
EMP
Endometrium (inside)
Myometrium (middle)
Perimetrium (outside)
What is the rigid ringed structure where sex takes place
Vagina
What is the outer vaginal area called?
The vulva
What does the vulva consist of
Vestibule, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, urethral orifice
What is the fatty deposit that protects the pubic bone on the female
Mons pubis
What is the broad ligament
The ligament that holds the ovaries in place and also the uterus
What does the suspensory ligament of ovary specifically do
Holds up the ovaries to the lateral body wall
What does the ovarian ligament do
Attaches the ovary the the uterus. And helps keep it from moving
What does the round ligament do
Holds the uterus in place
Not a true reproductive organ but serves a purpose in milk production
Mammary glands (lobes)
Areola
Dark circle around the nipple
What is the fatty tissue can makes up breasts
Adipose tissue
What is the alveolar (lactiferous) duct
The duct that connects the mammoth glands to the lactiferous sinus
What is the lactiferous sinus?
just before it enters the nipple. In nursing mothers, this dilation stores a droplet of milk that is expressed by compression as the infant begins to suckle
unborn offspring of a mammal, in particular an unborn human baby more than eight weeks after conception.
Fetus
is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.
Zygote
the process of carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and birth.
Gestation
the outermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development, or the parts derived from this, which include the epidermis and nerve tissue.
Ectoderm
the middle layer of an embryo in early development, between the endoderm and ectoderm.
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Mesoderm
the innermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development, or the parts derived from this, which include the lining of the gut and associated structures.
Endoderm
Layers of the embryo (3)
EME
ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
