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Parasitology > Practical 2 test > Flashcards

Practical 2 test Flashcards

1
Q

General morphology of trypanosomes
What are the monomorphic types?

A

T. vivax, T. congolense

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2
Q

General morphology of trypanosomes

What are the pleomorphic types

A

T. brucei

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3
Q

General morphology of trypanosomes

What are the forms of trypanosomes

A
  1. Trypomastigote (metacyclic form - infective stage),
  2. epimastigote,
  3. promastigote,
  4. amastigote
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4
Q

Transmission of trypanosomes can be ?

A
  1. cyclic
  2. non-cyclic
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5
Q

Transmission of trypanosomes

CYCLIC

A

An arthropod vector is a necessary biological vector in which they multiply and infective stage develops e.g. T. brucei – Glossina spp.

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6
Q

Transmission of trypanosomes

NON-CYCLIC

A

Only mechanical transmission by an arthropod vector e.g. T. evansi – S. calcitrans

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7
Q

Other name of DOURINE

What is it a genetic variant of?

A

Dourine – “Trypanosoma equiperdum”

(genetic variants of T. brucei evansi and T. brucei equiperdum)

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8
Q
  • Which form of giardia is found in the feces
A

(both trophozoites and cysts, I believe)

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9
Q
  • Which of the following cause necrosis of the liver
A

(Trichomonas gallinae and Histomonas meleagridis)

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10
Q
  • Which of the following is the vector for Leishmania
A

(Sandflies, but he said he wouldn’t count this question because it wasn’t in the practical handout)

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11
Q
  • Which of the following is a venereal disease
A

(dourine)

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12
Q
  1. which parasite has 4 flagella?
A

(trichomonas gallinea)

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13
Q
  1. which parasite is not transmitted via vector
A

(giardia)

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14
Q
  1. where does histomonas melgritis causing ameobid form?
A

in the liver

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15
Q
  1. which parasite can infect equines and donkeys?
A

Dourine (Trypanosoma equiperdum)

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16
Q

TRYPANOSMOSIS

Which are Monomorphic

A

T.Vivax and T.Congolense

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17
Q

TRYPANOSMOSIS

Which are Pleomorphic

A

T. Brucei

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18
Q

TRYPANOSMOSIS

What are the forms?

A
  1. Trypomastigote (metacyclic, infective)
  2. Epimastigote
  3. Promastigote
  4. Amastigote
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19
Q

Transmission of Trypanosomes can either be? or ?

A

Cyclic or non cyclic

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20
Q

CYCLIC Transmission of Trypanosomes

Types?

A

An arthropod vector is nessesary

T. Brucei - Glossins ssp

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21
Q

NON-CYCLIC Transmission of Trypanosomes

Types?

A

Only mechanical transmission by an arthropod vector.

T.Evansi - S.calcitrans

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22
Q

What are the causative agent of DOURINE?

A

Genetic variants of

T. Brucei Evansi and T. Brucei Equiperdum

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23
Q

Clinical signs of DOURINE

A
  1. GENITALS
    1. ​inflammation and ulceration, oedema (ventral abdominal too), hypopigmentation of skin
  2. SKIN
    1. ​– “dollar spots”, urticaria (2-5 cm in diameter) on withers, thorax, neck, etc.; they are neither warm nor painfull
  3. NERVES
    1. ​– Hyperaesthesia, anaesthesia, ascending motor paralysis
24
Q

In dourine - What do we examine during the parasitological diagnosis?

A

In parasitaemia - Motile Trypanosomes (TRYPOMASTIGOTES)

  • Fresh film of blood
  • Centrifugation: Microhematocrit may help to find them

GIEMSA STAINING

25
Q

Diseases of TRYPANOSOMES/TRYPANOSOMOSIS

A
  1. Dourine
  2. Nagana
  3. Surra
26
Q

What are the species of NAGANA?

A
  1. T. Vivax
  2. T. Congolense
  3. T. Brucei Brucei
27
Q

What are the clinical signs and species of NAGANA in Horses

A

T. Brucei Brucei

Oedema of the limbs and genitalia

(General: enlarged lymph + spleen, anaemia, cell degeneration+inflamatory infiltrates)

28
Q

What are the clinical signs and species of NAGANA in Dogs and Cats

A

T. Brucei and T.Congolense

  1. Anemia
  2. Myocarditis
  3. Ataxia
  4. Convulsions

(General: Lymph and spleen enlargements, anaemia, cell degeneration and inflammatory infiltrates)

29
Q

How to detect NAGANA

A
  1. Peripheral blood/Ln
  2. Dark phase contrast microscope - TRYPOMASTIGOTES
  3. In parasitaemia - motile trypanosomes in fresh blood
  4. Centrifuge help (microhematocrit- btw buffy coat and plasma)
  5. Serological methodes
30
Q

Species responsible for SURRA?

A

N. Brucei Evansi

​

31
Q

How to detect SURRA

A

Giemsa staining of blood smares - Detection of TRYPOMASTIGOTE

Serology

32
Q

Species responsible for LEISHMANOSIS

A
  1. Leishmania Tropica
  2. L. Infantum
  3. L. Donovani
  4. L. Chagasi

ZONOSIS!!

33
Q

Clinical signs of LEISHMANOSIS

Forms

A

Cutan form

Visceral form

34
Q

Clinical signs of LEISHMANOSIS

CUTAN FORM (species)

A

More common in dogs

  1. Alopecia
  2. Dermatitis
  3. Ulceration
35
Q

Clinical signs of LEISHMANOSIS

VISCERAL FORM (species)

A

In dog

  1. Intermittent FEVER
  2. Enlargement of
    1. Lymphnodes
    2. Spleen
    3. Liver
  3. Cachexy
  4. Anaemia
  5. Diarrhea
  6. Ataxia
36
Q

Detection of LEISHMANOSIS

A
  1. Demonstration of the AMASTIGOTE form from smares/scrapings
  2. Biopsy
  3. Serological methods
  4. PCR
37
Q

Species of GIARDIOSIS

A

Giardia duodenalis

ZONOSIS!!

38
Q

How to detect GIARDIOSIS

A
  1. Direct examination of FECAL SMARE + Phys.saline + Lugol
  2. Detection of moving TROPHOZOITES (vegitative form)
  3. Thin fecal smare stained with GIEMSA
  4. FLOTATION - Concentration of CYSTS (infectious form)
  5. Immunological methods
39
Q

How to detect GIARDIOSIS

Morphology of the VEGITATIVE FORM

A

TROPHOZOITES (Vegitative form)

  • Pare shape
  • Symmetrical
  • 2 nucleus
  • 2 Axostyles
  • 4 pairs of flagella (8 flagella)
  • Flagella movement = Jerky shuffling = like dead leaves in the wind.
40
Q

How to detect GIARDIOSIS

Morphology of the Infectious form

A

CONCENTRATION OF CYSTS = Infectious form

  • Oval
  • 4 nuclei
41
Q

TRICHOMONOSIS of cattle

Which species

A

TRICHOMONOSIS FOETUS

42
Q

TRICHOMONOSIS of cattle

Clinical signs in Bulls

A

Inapparant signs (not notifiable), rarely inflamation of mucous membr.

URETHRAL DISCHARGE

43
Q

TRICHOMONOSIS of cattle

Clinical signs in Cows, Heifers

A
  1. Vestibulitis
  2. Vaginitis
  3. Endometritis
  4. Pyometra
  5. Vaginal discharge
  6. Early abortion
  7. Anoestrus
44
Q

TRICHOMONOSIS of cattle

Necropsy findings

A

Greyish yellow pappules on the chorion of the foetus

45
Q

TRICHOMONOSIS of Birds

Species

A

TRICOMONAS GALLINAE

46
Q

TRICOMONAS GALLINAE

NECROSCOPY FINDINGS

A

Yellowish membrane in mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, proventriculus, crop

2 forms

  1. HEPATIC FORM = Necrotic lesions in LIVER
  2. GENERALIZED FORM = Necrotic lesions in LIVER, HEART & AIRSACS
47
Q

HISTOMONOSIS

Disease

A

“Black Head Disease”

Infectious enterohepatitis

48
Q

Which species are prone to Black head disease?

A

TURKEY (young)

Chicken

Guinea fowl

phesant

etc

49
Q

Name the parasite in Black head disease

A

HISTOMONAS MELEAGRIDIS

50
Q

Forms of Histomonas/Histomonosis

A
  1. Flagelated
  2. Amoeboid
51
Q

Where do you find the flagellated form of histomonas?

A

In Caecal lumen

(round, one flagella)

52
Q

Where do you find the amoeboid form of histomonas?

A

In tissues (liver)

(PLEIOMORPHIC)

53
Q

What are the necroscopy findings of Histomonosis “black head disease”

A
  1. Yellowish, necrotic, caseous material in the lumen of CAECUM
  2. Necrotic Foci with sharp edges in the LIVER, dry cut surface
  3. Necrotic lesions in the spleen, lung and kidney, wet gut surface of LIVER - GENERALIZED FORM IN GUINEA FOWL
54
Q

ENTAMOEBOSIS

Zoonotic or not?

A

Not, its ANTHROPOZOONOSIS

55
Q

ENTAMOEBOSIS

What to detect/Parasitological diagnosis?

A
  1. Fresh faecal smear+Phys.saline and Lugol
    1. DETECTION OF MOVING TROPHOZOITS (veg)
    2. FLOTATION - Concentration of CYSTS (inf)
    3. Immunological methods

NO CYSTS IN FAECES OF ANIMALS

56
Q
A

Parasitology (3 decks)

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