Practical 2 - Station 4: Female Reproductive System

Question 1

Which structures make up the birth canal?

Answer 1

Vagina

Cervix

Utrerus

Question 2

Identify

Answer 2

Question 3

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

Answer 3

Endometrium

Myometrium

Perimetrium

Question 4

Identify (specifically 2)

Answer 4

1. Ovary
2. Pouch of douglas
3. Infundibulum
4. Posterior fornix
5. Ureter
6. Bladder
7. Vagina

Question 5

What are the 2 physiological areas of the uterus during pregnancy and what are their functions?

Answer 5

Upper part - Fundus (contraction)

Lower part - Cervix and isthmus (dilation and distention)

Question 6

Which part of the uterus is cut during a caesarean?

Answer 6

Lower part

Question 7

What is normal uterine postition?

Answer 7

Anterflexed/anteverted

Question 8

What is the positioning of the uterus here?

Answer 8

Retroflexed

Question 9

What is a retroflexed uterus in danger of?

Answer 9

Incarceration

Question 10

When is a retroflexed uterus most at risk of incarceration?

Answer 10

During pregnancy

Question 11

What actually is an incarcerated uterus?

Answer 11

Uterus gets wedged in the pelvis during growth

Question 12

During surgery why is it important to know if the uterus is retroverted or anteverted?

Answer 12

To avoid instrumental damage

Question 13

What are the vaginal fornices?

Answer 13

Spaces infront and behind the external os

Question 14

Which fornix sits just in front of the pouch of douglas?

Answer 14

Posterior fornix

Question 15

What is the clinical significance of the posterior fornix sitting in front of the pouch of douglas?

Answer 15

Rectovaginal fistulae can occur if the walls are weak

Question 16

Which ligament is the cardinal ligament?

Answer 16

Part of pelvic fascia

Main support of the uterus

Question 17

Besides pelvic fascia what other structure supports the uterus?

Answer 17

Bladder

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

Which part of the uterine tube is longest and widest?

Answer 19

Ampulla

Question 20

Which part of the uterine tube does fertilisation occur?

Answer 20

Ampulla most commonly

Question 21

What type of ectopic pregnancy implants in the intramural part of the fallopian tube?

Answer 21

Corneal ectopic

Question 22

Identify

Answer 22

Suspensory ligament

Question 23

Identify

Answer 23

Ovarian ligament

Question 24

Identify

Answer 24

Broad ligament

Question 25

Identify

Answer 25

Round ligament

Question 26

What are the main blood supplies of the gonads and genitalia?

Answer 26

Gonadal artery Internal iliac

Question 27

At what vertebral level do the gonadal arteries branch of the aorta?

Answer 27

L2

Question 28

Which artery travels through this ligament?

Answer 28

Ovarian artery - Suspensory ligament

Question 29

Within which ligament does the ovarian artery supply the ovary in?

Answer 29

Broad ligament

Question 30

Where does the uterine artery cross the ureter and why is it important to know it crosses the ureter?

Answer 30

Level of ischial spine Junction of the cervix Lateral part of the fornix - Important to know for uterine artery ligation during histerectomy

Question 31

Where does lymph from the labia and distal vagina drain?

Answer 31

Superficial inguinal

Question 32

Where does lymph from the ovary drain?

Answer 32

Paraarotic lymph nodes

Question 33

Lymph drainage of fundus and upper body of uterus?

Answer 33

_Pre-aortic_ lymph nodes

Question 34

Lymph drainage of uterine body

Answer 34

Both iliac Sacral Pre-aortic Superficial inguinal

Question 35

Lymph drainage of cervix and upper vagina

Answer 35

Internal iliac Sacral

Question 36

Lymph drainage of lower vagina

Answer 36

Superficial inguinal

Question 37

How many lobes does the breast consist of?

Answer 37

15-25

Question 38

Surface anatomy of the breast?

Answer 38

Vertically: 2nd to 6th rib Laterally: Sternum border to mid axillary line

Question 39

What muscles are related to the deep surface of the breast?

Answer 39

Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior

Question 40

What is the blood supply of the mammary glands?

Answer 40

Lateral thoracic (from axillary) Internal thoracic (from subclavian) Anterior intercostals Posterior intercostals

Question 41

What is the lymphatic drainage of the breast?

Answer 41

Lateral part: Axillary Parasternal Supraclavicular Medial part: can drain to opposite breast

Question 42

What is the main difference between an inactive breast and a lactating breast on histology?

Answer 42

Inactive - thick stroma and few glands pregnant/lactating - lots of glands and diminished stroma

Question 43

Is this breast active or inactive and how can you tell?

Answer 43

Inactive - Few glands - High levels of stroma

Question 44

Is this breast active or inactive and how can you tell?

Answer 44

Active - Lots of glands - Diminished stroma