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Functional Anatomy > Practical 2 Palpaptions > Flashcards

Practical 2 Palpaptions Flashcards

1
Q

Manubriosternal Joint

A
  1. Located @ level of T4/5
  2. Articulates w/2nd rib
  3. Fibrocartilaginous disc that connects hyaline cartilage ends
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2
Q

Xiphisternal Joint

A
  1. Located @ level of T9
  2. Synchondrosis
  3. Fuses w/body of sternum w/age
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3
Q

1st rib

A
  1. Attaches to manubrium & T1
  2. Anterior/middle scalenes attach here
  3. Subclavian artery/vein run superior
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4
Q

Sternocostal Joint

A
  1. Connects rib cartilage to sternum @ ribs 2-7
  2. Synovial/diarthrodial
  3. Supported by capsule, radiate ligament, & interarticular ligament
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5
Q

Costochondral Joint

A
  1. Synarthrosis/synchondrosis
  2. No ligaments
  3. Formed by articulating w/costal cartilage @ ribs 1-10
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6
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A
  1. Assist in forced expiration but inactive in quiet stance
  2. Origin → pubis & Insertion → xiphoid process
  3. Innervation → segmentally by ventral rami of spinal nerves
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7
Q

External Oblique

A
  1. Origin: lower 8 ribs
  2. Insertion: linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior illiac crest
  3. Innervation: T7 & below spinal nerves
  4. Flexion & contralateral rotation of trunk
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8
Q

Spinous Processes of T2-5

A
  1. Rhomboid major attachment site
  2. Kyphotic
  3. Supraspinous ligament attachment
  4. T2 @ level of superior angle of scapula
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9
Q

Supraspinous Ligament

A
  1. Connects spinous processes
  2. Checks flexion
  3. Runs from C7-sacrum
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10
Q

Spinous Processes of T7-8

A
  1. Slope downward 2 vertebral levels
  2. T7 is @ inferior angle of scapula
  3. Trapezius & Lats attachment
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11
Q

Spinous Processes of T11-12

A
  1. Slope down 1 vertebral level or not at all
  2. Thoracolumbar fascia attachment
  3. Thicker for more muscular attachments
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12
Q

Transverse Processes of T spine

A
  1. Intertransverse ligament → tensioned w/contralateral lateral flexion
  2. Articulates w/rib @ costotransverse joint
  3. Widen @ end of articulation w/costal tubercles
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13
Q

Ribs

A
  1. Ribs 11-12 are floating ribs
  2. Ribs 8-10 are false ribs
  3. Ribs 1-7 are true ribs
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14
Q

Erector Spinae

A
  1. Eccentric control of flexion
  2. 3 parts: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
  3. Innervation: segmentally by dorsal rami C1-L5
  4. Insert into sacrum
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15
Q

ASIS

A
  1. Level of S1/2
  2. Inguinal ligament & sartorius attachment
  3. Part of the ilium
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16
Q

Femoral Artery

A
  1. Located in femoral triangle
  2. Supplies anterior thigh
  3. Passes through adductor hiatus to become popliteal artery
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17
Q

Iliac Crest

A
  1. Level of L4
  2. Attachment for external obliques & transversus abdominis
  3. Bony landmark connecting ASIS & PSIS
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18
Q

Lumbar Spinous Processes

A
  1. Large muscle attachments for erector spinae
  2. Caudal to TP of same vertebrae
  3. Limit extension in far end of range
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19
Q

L5-S1 Facet Joints

A
  1. Sagittal & coronal orientation
  2. Biplanar so L5 doesnt slide off S1
  3. Sacralization & lumbarization
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20
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A
  1. Laterally flexes lumbar spine
  2. Innervation → ventral rami of T12-L3
  3. Aids in respiration by fixing 12th rib
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21
Q

Multifidi

A
  1. Lateral flexion & trunk extension
  2. Innervation → segmentally by dorsal rami
  3. Origin → TPs, PSIS, sacrum & Insertion → SPs
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22
Q

Iliolumbar Ligament

A
  1. Origin: L5 TP
  2. Insertion: iliac crest
  3. Limits lateral flexion
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23
Q

PSIS

A
  1. @ level of S2
  2. Long dorsal SI ligament attaches here
  3. Thoracolumbar fascia & erector spinae tendon attach here
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24
Q

SI Joint

A
  1. Bony articulation btwn sacrum & iliac bones
  2. Women have less surface but more mobile
  3. Small amounts of movement
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25
Q

Long Dorsal SI Ligament

A
  1. Origin: PSIS & iliac crest
  2. Insertion: Sacrum
  3. Dynamic & static stabilizer
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26
Q

Inferolateral angle of sacrum

A
  1. Bottom angle of sacrum
  2. More curved in males
  3. Narrowing of sacrum
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27
Q

Ischial Tuberosity

A
  1. Attachment for hamstrings
  2. Location of ischiogluteal bursae
  3. Sacrotuberous ligament attaches here
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28
Q

Sacrotuberous Liagament

A
  1. Origin: sacrum
  2. Insertion: ischial tuberosity
  3. Checks nutation of sacrum
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29
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A
  1. Origin: ala of ilium
  2. Insertion: gluteal tuberosity
  3. Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve
  4. Action: extend & laterally rotate hip
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30
Q

Gluteus Medius & Minimus

A
  1. Origin: ala of ilium
  2. Insertion: greater trochanter
  3. Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
  4. Action: abduct & medially rotate hip
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31
Q

Piriformis

A
  1. Origin: sacrum
  2. Insertion: greater trochanter
  3. Small lateral rotator of hip
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32
Q

Sciatic Nerve

A
  1. L4-S3
  2. Exits under piriformis
  3. Innervates → posterior thigh, lower leg, foot
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33
Q

Greater Trochanter

A
  1. Attachment for gluteus medius, minimus, piriformis, etc.
  2. Inferior to femoral head
  3. Site of bursitis
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34
Q

Adductor Tubercle

A
  1. On distal femur
  2. Attachment for part of adductor magnus
  3. Superior to medial epicondyle of femur
  4. Just below adductor hiatus
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35
Q

Femoral Triangle

A
  1. Femoral Nerve, Artery, Vein, Empty space, Lymphatics
  2. Lateral border → sartorius
  3. Medial border → adductor longus
  4. Superior border → inguinal ligament
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36
Q

Sartorius

A
  1. Origin: ASIS
  2. Insertion: Pes anserinus
  3. Innervation: femoral nerve
  4. Action: externally rotate hip & internally rotate knee
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37
Q

Gracilis

A
  1. Origin: ischiopubic ramus
  2. Insertion: Pes anserinus
  3. Innervation: obterator nerve
  4. Action: adduct hip & flex knee
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38
Q

Psoas Major

A
  1. Flexes hip
  2. Innervation: lumbar plexus
  3. Origin: lumbar vertebrae
  4. Insertion: lesser trochanter
39
Q

Quadriceps

A
  1. Extends knee & flexes hip
  2. Innervation: femoral nerve
  3. Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius → all form quadricep tendon
40
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

A
  1. Internally rotates hip
  2. Extends hip & knee
  3. Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
41
Q

Medial Joint Line of Knee

A
  1. btwn femur & tibia
  2. Location of MCL
  3. Medial meniscus sits btwn
42
Q

Medial Tibial Plateau

A
  1. Medial meniscus sits on top
  2. MCL & coronary ligament attachments
  3. Bears more weight & concave
43
Q

Medial Femoral Condyle

A
  1. Projects more distally than lateral
  2. Larger AP diameter
  3. MCL & PCL attach here
44
Q

Medial Meniscus

A
  1. Attaches to medial tibial plateau by coronary ligaments
  2. Larger than lateral meniscus
  3. Functions as a shock absorber & force distributor
45
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament

A
  1. Attaches to medial meniscus
  2. Resists valgus force & lateral rotation of tibia
  3. Anterior portion taut w/flexion & posterior taut w/ extension
46
Q

Pes Anserinas

A
  1. Insertion site for semitendinosus, sartorius, & gracilis
  2. Common place for bursitis
  3. Lies on top of anterior medial tibia
47
Q

Semitendinosus

A
  1. Attaches to pes anserinas
  2. 2 joint muscle
  3. Innervation → tibial division of sciatic nerve
  4. Flexes & internally rotates knee
48
Q

Semimembranosus

A
  1. Connects to medial meniscus by posterior oblique ligament
  2. Innervation → tibial division of sciatic nerve
  3. Extends hip & flexes knee
49
Q

Patella

A
  1. Located above intercondylar groove during extension
  2. Moves in a C shape as knee is flexed
  3. Largest seasmoid bone in body
50
Q

Trochlear Groove

A
  1. Larger & higher on medial side
  2. May be a cause of patella malalignment
  3. Corresponds to vertical ridge of patella
51
Q

Quadriceps Tendon

A
  1. Provides stability to patella
  2. Inserts into tibial tuberosity
  3. Common insertion site of quadricep muscles
52
Q

Patellar Tendon

A
  1. Attaches to tibial tuberosity
  2. Patella alta → long tendon
  3. Patella baja → short tendon
53
Q

Synovial Plica

A
  1. Fold in synovial lining
  2. Longitudinal orientation
  3. Not everyone has it
54
Q

Lateral Meniscus

A
  1. Smaller than medial meniscus
  2. Absorbs more load during static standing bc of greater SA
  3. LCL does not attach to it
55
Q

Lateral Tibial Plateau

A
  1. Broader than medial condyle
  2. ACL & LCL attachment
  3. IT band crosses it
56
Q

Lateral Tubercle

A
  1. Insertion of IT band on anterior-lateral tibia
  2. Attachment for anterior tibialis
  3. Fibular nerve runs near it
57
Q

LCL

A
  1. Resists varus force
  2. Resists lateral rotation of tibia
  3. Attaches to head of fibula
58
Q

Head of Fibula

A
  1. Attachment for LCL
  2. Not part of knee joint
  3. Biceps femoris attachment
59
Q

Biceps Femoris

A
  1. Origin → ischial tuberosity or linea aspera
  2. Insertion → fibular head
  3. Flexes knee & extends hip
60
Q

Popliteal Artery

A
  1. Becomes popliteal after passing through adductor hiatus
  2. Gives off genicular branches around knee
  3. Terminal branches into tibial & fibular arteries
61
Q

1st MTP Joint

A
  1. Articulation btwn great toe phalanx & metatarsal bone
  2. Crucial for gait pattern
  3. Helps aid in balance
62
Q

Navicular Tubercle

A
  1. Attachment site for posterior tibial muscles
  2. Articulates w/cuneiforms & talus
  3. Attachment for spring ligament
63
Q

Head of Talus

A
  1. Articulates w/navicular, calcaneus, & cuboid
  2. Must move to allow eversion & inversion
  3. Forms talocrural joint w/tibia & subtaler joint w/ calcaneus
64
Q

Medial Malleolus

A
  1. Tibialis posterior, flexior dig longus, & flexor hallucis longus run posterior
  2. Deltoid ligament attachment
  3. Increases stability @ medial aspect of talus
65
Q

Sustenaculum Tali

A
  1. On calcaneus
  2. Inferiorly has groove for tendon of flexor hallucis longus
  3. Attachment for portion of deltoid & spring ligament
66
Q

Medial Tubercle of Talus

A
  1. Felt with eversion
  2. Mortise → fits directly into tibia (whole talus is mortise)
  3. Attachment site for talocalcaneal ligament & medial tibiotalar ligament
67
Q

5th Metatarsal Bone

A
  1. Has tubercle for fibularis brevis attachment
  2. Lateral aspect of foot
  3. Head involved in transverse distal arch
68
Q

5th MTP Joint

A
  1. Condyloid joint
  2. Articulation btwn 5th MT & 5th phalanx
  3. Abductor digiti minimi assists to abduct toe
69
Q

Sinus Tarsi

A
  1. Intercalcaneal ligament holds subtalar joint together
  2. Tunnel btwn talus & calcaneus
  3. ATFL runs through it
70
Q

Dome of Talus

A
  1. Convex
  2. Articulates w/tibia & fibula
  3. Moves posteriorly w/dorsiflexion & anteriorly w/plantarflexion
71
Q

Dome of Calcaneus

A
  1. Attachments → gastronemius, soleus, plantaris, EDB
  2. Has a fat pad under it
  3. Part of the rearfoot
72
Q

Medial Tubercle of Calcaneus

A
  1. Attachments → abductor hallucis, FDB, plantar aponeurosis
  2. Most weight bearing
  3. Component of hind/rearfoot
73
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A
  1. Abductor hallucis attaches to medial sesamoid bone
  2. Attachment for flexor hallucis brevis
  3. Absorbs weight
74
Q

Metatarsal Heads

A
  1. Typically weight bearing surface of foot
  2. Distal transverse arch lies over top metatarsal heads
  3. Fibularis longus attaches onto 1st metatarsal
75
Q

Transverse Tarsal Articulations

A
  1. Midtarsal joint
  2. Separates bones of rearfoot & midfoot
  3. Unlocks to help w/gait
76
Q

Lateral Malleolus

A
  1. Fibularis longus & brevis run posterior & inferior
  2. Position influences axis of motion of talocrural joint
  3. Fibular artery terminates here
77
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A
  1. Posterior deep compartment of leg
  2. Posterior tibial artery
  3. Tibial nerve
  4. Plantarflexion & inversion
78
Q

Spring Ligament

A
  1. Short & strong
  2. Increase stress as you step
  3. Limits gapping btwn calcaneus & navicular during terminal stance
79
Q

Deltoid Ligament

A
  1. Stabilizes medial malleolus
  2. Resists eversion
  3. Difficult to strain → requires forceful eversion
80
Q

Posterior Tibial Artery

A
  1. Supplies deep posterior compartment of leg
  2. Branch off popliteal artery
  3. Terminates into medial & lateral plantar arteries
81
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A
  1. Anterior compartment of leg
  2. Deep fibular nerve
  3. Anterior tibial artery & dorsalis pedis artery
82
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A
  1. Extends great toe & ankle dorsiflexion
  2. Deep fibular nerve
  3. Anterior tibial artery & dorsalis pedis artery
83
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A
  1. Extension of toes & ankle dorsiflexion
  2. Deep fibular nerve
  3. Anterior tibial artery 7 dorsalis pedis artery
84
Q

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

A
  1. Supplies dorsum of foot
  2. Branch off anterior tibial artery
  3. Common pulse taken to evaluate peripheral circulation
85
Q

Anterior Talofibular Ligament

A
  1. Commonly sprained during inversion
  2. Prevents talus from moving anterior under mortise
  3. Plantarflexion & inversion causes sprain
86
Q

Peroneal Tubercle

A
  1. Separates longus & brevis tendons
  2. On the calcaneus
  3. FL & FB innervated by superficial fibular nerve
87
Q

Fibularis Longus & Brevis

A
  1. Eversion & plantarflexion
  2. Superficial fibular nerve
  3. Longus attaches to 5th metatarsal & brevis attaches to 5th metatarsal tubercle
88
Q

Gastrocnemius

A
  1. 2 joint muscle
  2. Extends knee & plantar flexes ankle
  3. Tibial nerve
89
Q

Soleus

A
  1. Very strong plantar flexor
  2. Posterior tibial artery
  3. Tibial nerve
90
Q

Achilles Tendon

A
  1. Common insertion of gastrocnemius & soleus
  2. Can be inflamed
  3. Largest & strongest tendon in the body
91
Q

Plantar Aponeurosis

A
  1. Holds tarsal bones together
  2. Stabilizes lateral longitudinal arch
  3. Windlass mechanism → tightening causes arch to rise & have more stable base for gait
92
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A
  1. Extends toes 1-4
  2. Deep fibular nerve
  3. Dorsal calcaneus to proximal phalanx of toes 1-4
93
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A
  1. Flexes & abducts big toe
  2. Supports medial longitudinal arch
  3. Medial plantar nerve
94
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A
  1. Flexion & abducts 5th phalanx
  2. Lateral plantar nerve
  3. Lateral border of foot

Functional Anatomy (3 decks)

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