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Anatomy Lab > Practical 2 > Flashcards

Practical 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle bilaterally flexes the neck and unilaterally turns face to opposite side?

A

sternocleidomastoid

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2
Q

What is a displaced fracture?

A

bone moves out of place and breaks in 2 or more places

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3
Q

What passes through the external acoustic meatus and where is it?

A

air in meatus conducts sound to eardrum; temporal bone

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4
Q

a large, rounded prominence on a bone, usually serving for the attachment of muscles or ligaments; example?

A

tuberosity; ischial tuberosity

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5
Q

sticking one’s jaw (or tongue) out in an anterior direction

A

protraction

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6
Q

What passes through the foramen magnum and where is it?

A

medulla oblongata; accessory nerve; vertebral arteries; its in the occipital bone

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7
Q

form the posterior portion of the hard palate

A

palatine bones

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8
Q

What passes through the optic canal and where is it?

A

optic nerve and ophthalmic artery; sphenoid bone

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9
Q

moving a structure inferiorly

A

depression

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10
Q

the spine of C7 which is especially prominent and easily felt at the base of the neck

A

vertebra prominens

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11
Q

What is an example of a long bone?

A

humerus

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12
Q

the study of joints

A

arthrology

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13
Q

What is an example of a short bone?

A

carpals

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14
Q

a socket for the mandible on the temporal bone

A

mandibular fossa

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15
Q

the spot on the anterior abdominal skin that lies directly superficial to the base of the appendix; most common site of incision in appendectomies

A

McBurney’s point

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16
Q

the rounded portion of the cheek bones

A

zygomatic arch

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17
Q

turning a structure around its long axis, as in turning our head

A

rotation

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18
Q

the movement at a joint that describes the shape of a cone

A

circumduction

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19
Q

tip of the nasal bones

A

apex

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20
Q

Give a specific location for a synchondrosis

A

epiphyseal cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis; specifically, the cartilaginous connection between the ends of the first pair of vertebrosternal ribs

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21
Q

compresses the abdomen

A

transversus abdominus

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22
Q

How many facial bones do we have?

A

14

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23
Q

prime mover of arm flexion; also adducts and medially rotates the arm

A

pectoralis major

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24
Q

ribs with no attachment to the sternum

A

floating ribs (11-12)

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25
Q

wing-like lateral borders of the nostrils

A

ala

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26
Q

What is an example of an irregular bone?

A

vertebra

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27
Q

What muscle causes the eyes to look up?

A

superior rectus

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28
Q

thin layer of areolar connective tissue surrounding the individual muscle cells within each fascicle

A

endomysium

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29
Q

part of the ethmoid bone that contains the olfactory nerves

A

cribriform plate

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30
Q

the recording of muscle activity obtained by using electrodes on the skin

A

electromyography

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31
Q

part of the zygomatic bones that articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

A

temporal process

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32
Q

What passes through the carotid canal and where is it?

A

internal carotid artery; temporal bone

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33
Q

a large, rough, blunt process; example?

A

trochanter; greater trochanter of femur

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34
Q

the contractile elements of muscle cells

A

myofibrils

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35
Q

What muscle depresses the tongue?

A

hyoglossus

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36
Q

an abnormal forced extension of a joint

A

hyperextension

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37
Q

What type of cartilage are intervertebral discs?

A

fibrocartilage

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38
Q

Myofibrils are composed of an orderly arrangement of thick and thin protein _____.

A

myofilaments

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39
Q

the v-shaped inferior edge of the ribcage

A

costal margin

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40
Q

bringing the thumb and little finger together across the palm

A

opposition

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41
Q

What is the relative mobility of diarthroses?

A

freely movable joints; usually go with synovial joints

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42
Q

the science or study of movement and the structures involved

A

kinesiology

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43
Q

occurs when urate crystals accumulate in your joint, causing inflammation and intense pain

A

gouty arthritis

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44
Q

What muscle causes the eye to look medially?

A

medial rectus

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45
Q

What muscle protracts the tongue?

A

genioglossus

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46
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum and where is it?

A

blood vessels to membranes around central nervous system; sphenoid bone

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47
Q

What muscle extends the head and elevates the scapula (“shrugging shoulders”)?

A

trapezius

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48
Q

What type of cells reside in the lacunae of cartilage?

A

chondrocytes

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49
Q

What passes through the foramen ovale and where is it?

A

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve; sphenoid bone

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50
Q

a depression or hollow, usually in a bone; example?

A

fossa; hypophyseal fossa and lacrimal fossa

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51
Q

standing on one’s tiptoes

A

plantar flexion

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52
Q

movement toward the midline of the body

A

adduction

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53
Q

What muscle purses and protrudes lips (kissing and whistling)?

A

orbicularis oris

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54
Q

What is an example of a flat bone?

A

sternum

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55
Q

moving a structure superiorly

A

elevation

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56
Q

small, round projection; example?

A

tubercle; tubercle of rib

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57
Q

What type of fracture occurs when the bone is broken in many places?

A

comminuted fracture

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58
Q

How many bones make up the cranium?

A

8

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59
Q

movement at a joint that decreases the angle between two bones

A

flexion

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60
Q

What type of fracture occurs when the bone is bent, but not broken all the way through?

A

greenstick fracture (only occurs in children)

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61
Q

part of the maxillae that forms the anterior part of the hard palate (roof of the mouth)

A

palatine process

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62
Q

the anterior tip of the mandible (the chin)

A

mental protuberance

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63
Q

bony structure that connects the bodies of most vertebra to the laminae

A

pedicle

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64
Q

ribs with indirect or no attachment to the sternum

A

false ribs (8-12)

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65
Q

flex and rotate vertebral column; compress abdomen

A

external and internal obliques

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66
Q

What is an example of a sesamoid bone?

A

patella

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67
Q

Give a specific location for a synostosis

A

epiphyseal lines of mature long bones; fusion of infant’s left and right mandibular bones

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68
Q

the contractile units of skeletal muscle within each myofibril

A

sarcomeres

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69
Q

curving inward of the lower back (lumbar) aka “swayback”

A

lordosis

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70
Q

part of the ethmoid bone that forms part of the nasal septum

A

perpendicular plate

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71
Q

What type of cartilage are the costal cartilages?

A

hyaline cartilage

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72
Q

a sharp, pointed projection; example?

A

spine; anterior iliac spine

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73
Q

What muscle draws the corner of the mouth laterally (“sucking in”) and assists in holding food between teeth when chewing?

A

buccinator

74
Q

What is the end of a long bone called?

A

epiphysis

75
Q

movement away from the midline of the body

A

abduction

76
Q

What structure is lacking from all thoracic vertebrae?

A

transverse foramen

77
Q

any opening in the body which allows another structure to pass through

A

foramen; mental foramen

78
Q

What passes through the hypoglossal canal and where is it?

A

hypoglossal nerve; occipital bone

79
Q

What muscle elevates the mandible and closes the jaw?

A

masseter

80
Q

What type of cartilage are articular cartilages?

A

hyaline cartilage

81
Q

part of the ethmoid bone which serves as an attachment site for the dura mater

A

Crista Galli

82
Q

turning of the ankle so that the sole of the foot faces medially

A

inversion

83
Q

What muscle causes the eye to look laterally?

A

lateral rectus

84
Q

flexes and rotates lumbar region of vertebral column

A

rectus abdominus

85
Q

a groove, natural division, deep furrow, elongated cleft, or tear in various parts of the body; example?

A

fissure; superior orbital fissure

86
Q

What muscle causes the eyes to look down?

A

inferior rectus

87
Q

What is the relative mobility of amphiarthroses?

A

allows little bit of movement

88
Q

What is the medullary/marrow cavity filled with?

A

adipose tissue

89
Q

What passes through the foramen rotundum and where is it?

A

maxillary division of trigeminal nerve; sphenoid bone

90
Q

Which cranial bones contain paranasal sinuses? (you’ll have to name two on the exam)

A

maxillae, ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal

91
Q

What muscle raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead and moves the scalp?

A

occipitofrontalis

92
Q

What muscle retracts and elevates the tongue

A

styloglossus

93
Q

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt (most common type of spinal curvature overall)

A

scoliosis

94
Q

part of the ethmoid bone which increase airflow in the nose

A

superior and middle nasal conchae

95
Q

What muscle, located deep to sternocleidomastoid, elevates the first and second ribs during inspiration (also flexes neck)?

A

scalenes

96
Q

a nose job

A

rhinoplasty

97
Q

What are the brow ridges called?

A

superciliary arches

98
Q

The mandible articulates with which bone?

A

temporal bone

99
Q

individual muscle cells are grouped into bundles called what?

A

fascicles

100
Q

rounded surface below the Adam’s apple

A

cricoid cartilage

101
Q

U-shaped bone in the neck that does not articulate with any other bone

A

hyoid bone

102
Q

What type of fracture occurs when a cranial bone is depressed below normal surface?

A

depressed fracture

103
Q

depress ribs during forced exhalation

A

internal intercostals

104
Q

Give a specific location for a syndesmosis

A

distal joint between tibia and fibula

105
Q

rotating the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly

A

supination

106
Q

turning of the ankle so that the sole of the foot faces laterally

A

eversion

107
Q

What does one motor unit consist of?

A

one motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers it contacts

108
Q

sticking one’s jaw (or tongue) in in a posterior direction

A

retraction

109
Q

What are the two main ways that joints are classified?

A

structure (what is holding the bones together) and movement (the amount of mobility they allow between the bones)

110
Q

What type of cartilage forms the menisci of the knees?

A

fibrocartilage

111
Q

prime mover of inhalation; increases thorax volume

A

diaphragm

112
Q

raised area near a condyle; example?

A

epicondyle; lateral epicondyle of femur

113
Q

What passes through the jugular foramen and where is it?

A

glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves, and internal jugular vein; temporal bone

114
Q

contains the tear-gathering sac, may be felt as a small depression on the medial side of each eye socket near the nose

A

lacrimal fossa

115
Q

exaggerated, forward rounding of the back (thoracic) (posterior exaggeration of the thoracic curve)

A

kyphosis

116
Q

separates the parietal bones

A

sagittal suture

117
Q

What type of fracture occurs when the bone breaks and pierces the skin?

A

open (compound) fracture

118
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure and where is it?

A

oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve, and abducens nerve; sphenoid bone

119
Q

What is the relative mobility of synarthroses?

A

they do not permit any movement

120
Q

the knoblike structure on the posterior surface of your skull

A

external occipital protuberance

121
Q

occurs when your immune system attacks the synovium; the resulting inflammation thickens the synovium, which can eventually destroy the cartilage and bone within the joint

A

rheumatoid arthritis

122
Q

the shallow vertical groove on the upper lip

A

philtrum

123
Q

What is the articular cartilage?

A

cartilage that covers the ends of long bones, preventing them from rubbing against each other

124
Q

What muscle raises the corner of the mouth (smiling) and raises the upper lip exposing the teeth?

A

zygomaticus major and minor

125
Q

What are the superior borders of your eye sockets called?

A

orbits

126
Q

What is the PCL and what is its function?

A

posterior cruciate ligament; it functions to prevent excessive backward displacement of the tibia

127
Q

What muscle closes the eye and is used in blinking and squinting?

A

orbicularis oculi

128
Q

occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in your joints gradually deteriorates; after all cartilage is degraded you have bone rubbing bone (most frequent after age 60)

A

osteoarthritis

129
Q

What passes through the supraorbital foramen and where is it?

A

supraorbital nerve and supraorbital artery; frontal bone

130
Q

prime mover of arm extension; powerful arm adductor; medially rotates arm at shoulder; “chin up” muscles

A

latissimus dorsi

131
Q

What type of fracture occurs when the bone breaks but does not penetrate the skin?

A

closed (simple) fracture

132
Q

What is the ACL and what is its function?

A

anterior cruciate ligament; it functions to prevent forward sliding of the tibia and hyperextension of the knee

133
Q

prominent bony structure on the temporal bone, posterior and inferior to the ear

A

mastoid process

134
Q

mucosa-lined, air-filled cavities in the following skull bones: maxillae, ethmoid, sphenoid and frontal

A

paranasal sinuses

135
Q

movement of the foot towards the shin - walking on the heels

A

dorsiflexion

136
Q

elevate ribs during inhalation

A

external intercostals

137
Q

What passes through the foramen lacerum and where is it?

A

internal carotid artery after leaving the carotid canal, and the auditory tube; temporal and sphenoid bones

138
Q

Which cranial bone articulates with all other cranial bones?

A

sphenoid

139
Q

What is a non-displaced fracture?

A

bone breaks without moving alignment, usually only broken in one place

140
Q

makes up the lower, posterior nasal septum

A

vomer

141
Q

triangular top part of the sternum

A

manubrium

142
Q

layer of dense irregular connective tissue that wraps around each fascicle in a muscle

A

perimysium

143
Q

What muscle elevates the mandible and closes the jaw?

A

temporalis

144
Q

abducts and rotates scapula upward (boxing muscle)

A

serratus anterior

145
Q

Give a specific location for a suture

A

between bones of the skull

146
Q

What structure is lacking from all lumbar vertebrae?

A

transverse costal facet

147
Q

What passes through the internal acoustic meatus and where is it?

A

vestibulocochlear nerve, internal acoustic artery, and facial nerve; temporal bone

148
Q

What muscle causes the eye to look down and laterally?

A

superior oblique

149
Q

the structure on the sphenoid bone that encloses the pituitary gland

A

sella turcica

150
Q

ridge-like structure where the manubrium meets the body of the sternum

A

sternal angle

151
Q

What muscle tenses neck skin and depresses the mandible (pouting muscle)?

A

platysma

152
Q

a group of 3 muscles running from the sacrum to the base of the posterior skull; prime movers of back extension; assist in bending at waist

A

erector spinae

153
Q

What passes through the mental foramen and where is it?

A

mental nerve, branch of mandibular nerve, and mental vessels; mandible

154
Q

layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding an entire muscle

A

epimysium

155
Q

What muscle, located deep to the trapezius, extends or hyperextends the head; unilaterally bends and rotates head to same side?

A

splenius capitis

156
Q

Give a specific location for a gomphosis

A

fibrous connection between a tooth and its socket (either in the mandible or maxilla)

157
Q

part of the mandible that serves as an insertion point for the temporalis muscle that closes the jaw

A

coronoid process

158
Q

surround and support the lower teeth

A

the alveoli of the mandible

159
Q

What is a diaphysis?

A

shaft of a long bone

160
Q

the depression in the superior part of the sternum between the two clavicles

A

jugular (suprasternal) notch

161
Q

vertical groove in the center of the back

A

posterior median furrow

162
Q

movement at a joint that increases the angle between two bones

A

extension

163
Q

surround and support the upper teeth

A

alveoli of the maxillae

164
Q

a rounded projection forming part of a joint often separated from the shaft by a narrow “neck”; examples?

A

head; head of fibula

165
Q

“white line” tendon that runs superiorly and inferiorly from the umbilicus; favored site of surgical entry

A

linea alba

166
Q

What muscle causes the eye to look up and laterally?

A

inferior oblique

167
Q

What is the source of the signals (voltages) detected by the electrodes on the arm in the electromyography experiment?

A

the flow of ions through channels in the cell membranes

168
Q

Adam’s apple

A

laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage

169
Q

What passes through the stylomastoid foramen and where is it?

A

facial nerve; temporal bone

170
Q

a narrow ridge of bone, especially on its border; example?

A

crest; iliac crest

171
Q

What passes through the inferior orbital fissure and where is it?

A

maxillary division of trigeminal nerve; sphenoid and maxilla bones

172
Q

What is an epiphyseal plate?

A

bands of dividing hyaline cartilage on a long bone

173
Q

rotating the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly

A

pronation

174
Q

part of the nose formed by the paired nasal bones

A

bridge

175
Q

What occurs during whiplash?

A

rapid flexion and then hyperextension of the neck damage the joints of the neck and spine

176
Q

Give a specific location for a symphysis

A

joint between the two pubic bones

177
Q

What lines the medullary cavity?

A

endosteum

178
Q

tongue-shaped structure at the bottom of the sternum

A

xiphoid process

179
Q

What houses red bone marrow?

A

spongy bone

180
Q

What are the four major categories for joint structure?

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, bony and synovial

181
Q

ribs with direct attachment to the sternum via the costal cartilages

A

true ribs (1-7)

182
Q

smooth, rounded protuberance at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone; example?

A

condyle; occipital condyle

Anatomy Lab (3 decks)

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