Practical 1_ROM Flashcards
Patient position: sitting
Ask patient to turn their head and look to the left or right.
Goniometer axis: midpoint of the top of the head
Stationary arm: acromion
Moving arm: nose
Passive end-feel: firm
Neck Rotation (Cervical Spine)
Typical ROM: 45 degrees
Patient Position: sitting or standing
Ask patient to bend their neck down forward.
Goniometer axis: earlobe
Stationary arm: perpendicular to ceiling
Moving arm: base of nose (goniometer will read 90 degrees, which is start position, or 0 degrees for this technique)
Passive end-feel: firm
Neck Flexion (Cervical Spine)
Typical ROM: 45 degrees
Patient position: sitting or standing
Ask patient to bend their neck backward and look up at the ceiling.
Goniometer axis: earlobe
Stationary arm: perpendicular to ceiling
Moving arm: base of nose (goniometer will read 90 degrees, which is start position, or 0 degrees for this technique)
Passive end-feel: hard
Neck Extension (Cervical Spine)
Typical ROM: 45 degrees
Patient position: sitting or standing
Ask patient to tilt their head to the left or right.
Goniometer axis: C-7 spinous process
Stationary arm: perpendicular to floor (along spine)
Moving arm: midpoint of head
Passive end-feel: firm
Neck Lateral Flexion (Cervical Spine)
Typical ROM: 60 degrees
Patient position: standing or sitting with the arm relaxed at the side; forearm neutral (thumb pointing anteriorly and leading as the shoulder flexes)
Ask patient to lift their arm up to the ceiling.
Goniometer axis: lateral aspect of humeral head
Stationary arm: lateral midline of trunk
Moving arm: midline of lateral humerus
Passive end-feel: firm
GHJ (Shoulder) flexion
Typical ROM: 170 degrees
Patient position: standing, sitting, or prone
Ask patient to extend their arm backwards
Goniometer axis: lateral aspect of humeral head
Stationary arm: lateral midline of the trunk
Moving arm: lateral midline of humerus
Passive end-feel: firm
GHJ (Shoulder) extension
Typical ROM: 60 degrees
Patient position: standing or sitting, with the arm relaxed at the side; forearm supinated (thumb pointing laterally and leading as shoulder abducts)
Ask patient to lift arm out to the side and up to the ceiling.
Goniometer axis: posterior or anterior aspect of humeral head
Stationary arm: perpendicular to floor and parallel to trunk
Moving arm: posterior or anterior midline of humerus
Passive end-feel: firm
GHJ (Shoulder) abduction
Typical ROM: 170 degrees
Patient position: sitting with the shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and elbow flexed to 90 degrees
Ask patient to put their arm in 90 degrees faced down to the ground and push elbow backwards.
Goniometer axis: superior aspect of humeral head
Stationary arm: frontal plane aligned with midline of trunk
Moving arm: superior aspect of humerus
Passive end-feel: firm
GHJ (Shoulder) horizontal abduction
Typical ROM: 45 degrees
Patient position: sitting with the shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and elbow flexed to 90 degrees
Ask patient to put their arm in 90 degrees faced down to the ground and bring hand across chest as far as they can go.
Goniometer axis: superior aspect of humeral head
Stationary arm: frontal plane aligned with midline of trunk
Moving arm: superior aspect of humerus
Passive end-feel: firm
GHJ (Shoulder) horizontal adduction
Typical ROM: 135 degrees
Patient position: prone with shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and elbow flexed to 90 degrees; anterior humerus supported on plinth
Ask patient to reach back as far as they can go.
Goniometer axis: olecranon
Stationary arm: perpendicular to floor
Moving arm: midline of ulna
Passive end-feel: firm
GHJ (Shoulder) internal rotation
Typical ROM: 70 degrees
Patient position: supine with shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and elbow flexed to 90 degrees; posterior humerus supported on plinth
Ask patient to lift their arm up and back as far as they can go.
Goniometer axis: olecranon
Stationary arm: perpendicular to ceiling
Moving arm: midline of ulna
Passive end-feel: firm
GHJ (Shoulder) external rotation
Typical ROM: 90 degrees
Patient position: standing or sitting, with arm against side and forearm supinated
Ask patient to bend elbow toward their chin.
Goniometer axis: lateral epicondyle
Stationary arm: lateral midline of humerus
Moving arm: lateral midline of radius
Passive end-feel: soft
Elbow flexion
Typical ROM: 0 degrees - 150 degrees
Patient position: standing or sitting, with arm against side and forearm supinated
From elbow bent, ask patient to extend elbow.
Goniometer axis: lateral epicondyle
Stationary arm: lateral midline of humerus
Moving arm: lateral midline of radius
Passive end-feel: hard
Elbow extension
Typical ROM: 0 degrees - 150 degrees
Patient position: standing or sitting, with elbow flexed to 90 degrees and stabilized against lateral trunk; forearm neutral (thumb up)
Ask patient to turn arm/hand up so palm faces the ceiling.
Goniometer axis: adjacent to distal medial ulna
Stationary arm: perpendicular to the floor (ensure that humerus is against trunk and perpendicular to floor)
Moving arm: lying against volar aspect of distal radius/ulna (just proximal to ulnar head)
Passive end-feel: firm
Forearm supination
Typical ROM: 80 degrees
Patient position: standing or sitting, with elbow flexed to 90 degrees and stabilized against lateral trunk; forearm neutral (thumb up)
Ask patient to turn their arm/hand down so palm faces the floor.
Goniometer axis: adjacent to distal dorsal ulna
Stationary arm: perpendicular to the floor (ensure that humerus is against trunk and perpendicular to floor)
Moving arm: lying against dorsal aspect of distal radius/ulna (just proximal to ulnar head)
Passive end-feel: hard
Forearm pronation
Typical ROM: 80 degrees
