Practical 1_MMT Flashcards
Patient position: prone with head and neck off end of plinth table; head and neck in midrange extension
Ask patient to bend their neck backward and look up at the ceiling.
Stabilizing hand: beneath chin
Resistive hand: posterior head
Force application (direction): against extension
Neck Extension
Patient position: supine with head and neck in midrange flexion
Ask patient to bend their neck down forward.
Stabilizing hand: sternum
Resistive hand: forehead
Force application (direction): against flexion
Neck Flexion
Patient position: sitting or standing, with neck in midrange lateral flexion
Ask patient to tilt their head to the left or right.
Stabilizing hand: superior shoulder girdle opposite to side being tested
Resistive hand: side of head above ear
Force application: against lateral flexion
Neck Lateral Flexion (Cervical)
Patient position: supine or sitting, with head and neck in midrange rotation
Ask patient to turn their head and look to the left or right.
Stabilizing hand: anterior shoulder girdle opposite to side being tested
Resistive hand: side of head above ear
Force application: against rotation
Neck Rotation
Patient position: sitting or standing, with shoulder flexed to 90 degrees and forearm neutral (thumb up)
Ask patient to lift their arm up to the ceiling.
Stabilizing hand: superior aspect of shoulder girdle
Resistive hand: superior aspect of distal humerus
Force application: against flexion
GHJ (Shoulder) flexion
___________________
Gravity reduced:
Patient position: side lying on non-test side; shoulder and forearm neutral
Stabilization: humerus and forearm
Palpation: anterior deltoid at anterior aspect of shoulder
Patient position: prone with shoulder in midrange extension
Ask patient to extend their arm backwards
Stabilizing hand: posterior scapula
Resistive hand: distal posterior humerus
Force application: against extension
GHJ (Shoulder) extension
_____________
Gravity reduced:
Patient position: side lying on non-test side
Stabilization: humerus and forearm
Palpation: latissimus dorsi and posterior deltoid at lateral aspect of dorsal scapula
Patient position: standing or sitting, with shoulder abducted to 90 degrees, shoulder externally rotated and forearm supinated (thumb up)
Ask patient to lift arm out to the side and up to the ceiling.
Stabilizing hand: superior aspect of shoulder girdle
Resistive hand: lateral aspect of distal humerus
Force application: against abduction
GHJ (Shoulder) abduction
_______________
Gravity reduced:
Patient position: supine
Stabilization: humerus and forearm
Palpation: middle deltoid at lateral aspect of shoulder; supraspinatus at superior aspect of scapula
Patient position: prone with shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and elbow flexed to 90 degrees in midrange horizontal abduction
Ask patient to put their arm in 90 degrees faced down to the ground and lift elbow up.
Stabilizing hand: posterior scapula
Resistive hand: posterior aspect of distal humerus
Force application: against horizontal abduction
GHJ (Shoulder) horizontal abduction
________________
Gravity reduced:
Patient position: sitting with shoulder supported in 90 degrees abduction and elbow in 90 degrees flexion
Stabilization: elbow and forearm
Palpation: posterior deltoid at posterior aspect of shoulder
Patient position: supine with shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and elbow flexed to 90 degrees in midrange horizontal adduction
Ask patient to bring arm across their body.
Stabilizing hand: anterior shoulder girdle over clavicle (opposite shoulder)
Resistive hand: anterior aspect of distal humerus
Force application: against horizontal adduction
GHJ (Shoulder) horizontal adduction
___________________
Gravity reduced:
Patient position: sitting with shoulder supported in 90 degrees abduction and elbow in 90 degrees flexion
Stabilization: elbow and forearm
Palpation: pectoralis major at anterior shoulder
Patient position: prone with shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and elbow flexed to 90 degrees; humerus supported with towel roll to maintain alignment with the trunk in the frontal plane; shoulder in midrange internal rotation
Ask patient to reach back as far as they can go.
Stabilizing hand: posterior humerus against plinth
Resistive hand: volar aspect of distal forearm
Force application: against internal rotation
GHJ (Shoulder) internal rotation
___________
Gravity reduced:
Patient position: standing or sitting, with upper arm against side of body and elbow flexed to 90 degrees
Stabilization: forearm
Palpation: anterior deltoid and subscapularis anterior shoulder
Patient position: prone with shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and elbow flexed to 90 degrees; humerus supported with towel roll to maintain alignment with the trunk in the frontal plane; shoulder in midrange external rotation
Ask patient to lift their arm up and back as far as they can go.
Stabilizing hand: posterior humerus against plinth
Resistive hand: dorsal aspect of distal forearm
Force application: against external rotation
GHJ (Shoulder) external rotation
__________
Gravity reduced:
Patient position: standing or sitting, with upper arm against side of body and elbow flexed to 90 degrees
Stabilization: forearm
Palpation: posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, and teres minor at posterior shoulder
Patient position: standing or sitting, with elbow flexed to 90 degrees and forearm supinated
Ask patient to bend elbow.
Stabilizing hand: superior aspect of shoulder girdle
Resistive hand: distal forearm
Force application (direction): against flexion
Elbow flexion
____________
Gravity reduced:
Patient position: sitting with arm supported on tabletop in 90 degrees shoulder abduction
Stabilization: humerus against tabletop
Palpation: brachialis and biceps brachii at anterior elbow
Patient position: supine with shoulder flexed to 90 degrees and internally rotated; elbow flexed to 90 degrees
Ask patient to lift arm up.
Stabilizing hand: distal humerus supporting shoulder in flexed position
Resistive hand: distal ulnar forearm
Force application (direction): against extension
Elbow extension
______________
Gravity reduced:
Patient position: sitting with arm supported on tabletop in 90 degrees shoulder abduction
Stabilization: humerus against tabletop
Palpation: triceps at posterior elbow
Patient position: standing or sitting, with elbow flexed to 90 degrees and stabilized against lateral trunk; forearm neutral (thumb up)
Ask patient to turn arm/hand up so palm faces the ceiling.
Stabilizing hand: lateral humerus stabilizing against trunk
Resistive hand: lateral distal forearm; fingers grasp ulna with base of palm resisting posterior aspect of radius
Force application: against supination
Forearm supination
____________
Gravity reduced:
Patient position: supine with elbow flexed to 90 degrees
Stabilization: humerus against trunk
Palpation: biceps brachii at anterior elbow
Patient position: standing or sitting, with elbow flexed to 90 degrees and stabilized against lateral trunk; forearm neutral (thumb up)
Ask patient to turn their arm/hand down so palm faces the floor.
Stabilizing hand: lateral humerus stabilizing against trunk
Resistive hand: medial distal forearm; fingers grasp ulna with base of palm resisting anterior aspect of radius
Force application: against pronation
Forearm pronation
____________
Gravity reduced:
Patient position: supine with elbow flexed to 90 degrees
Stabilization: humerus against trunk
Palpation: pronator teres at proximal
