Practical Flashcards
Test for Alkenes
TOR
Add Br2 (aq), orange Br2 decolourises
Electrophilic addition
Test for halogenoalkanes
TOR
Add NaOH, warm, dilute HNO3, AgNO3(aq)
Nucleophilic substitution
Test for alcohol
TOR
1) Add few crystals of PCl5 (s). Place glass rod dipped in NH3 (aq) at mouth of test tube. White fumes of HCl forms.
Nucleophilic substitution
2) H2SO4, KMNO4, primary & secondary alcohol will decolourise purple KMNO4 -> oxidation
follow up with 2,4-DNPH, secondary gives orange ppt, primary will not -> condensation
Test for aldehyde
TOR
Prepare Tollen’s reagent. (NaOH, AgNO3, add NH3 until ppt dissolves)
Silver mirror forms.
Oxidation
Test for aliphatic aldehyde
TOR
Fehling’s reagent.
Brick red ppt forms
Oxidation
Test for aldehyde and ketone
TOR
Add 2,4-DNPH, warm
Orange ppt of hydrazone forms
Condensation
Test for carboxylic acid
TOR
Add Na2CO3 (aq) to compound
Gas evolves is CO2.
Acid BASE reaction
Test for acyl chloride
TOR
Add AgNO3 (aq), white ppt of AgCl will appear.
Hydrolysis
Test for Phenol
TOR
- Add Br2 (aq) to compounds
Orange Br2 decolourises & white ppt forms - Add neutral FeCl3 with Cu.
Violet colouration
Electrophilic substitution
Test for phenylamine
TOR
Add Br2 (aq)
Br2 decolourises and white ppt formed
Electrophilic substitution
Test for ester
TOR
Add NaOH (aq), warm, add a lot of H2SO4 (aq), add Few drops of KMNO4 (aq)
Purple KMNO4 decolourises
Alkaline hydrolysis and oxidation
Test for primary amide
TOR
Add dilute NaOH (aq), place moist red litmus paper near mouth of test tube, NH3 present
Hydrolysis
Test for ammonium salt
TOR
Dissolve in deionised water, add dilute NaOH (aq), place moist red litmus paper near mouth of test tube, NH3 gas
Acid base reaction
Test for Ch3CO / CH3CH(OH)
TOR
Add NaOH (aq), add I2 (aq), warm, yellow ppt CHI3 forms
Oxidation
